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"Social Control, Informal"
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Reproductive health and maternal sacrifice : women, choice and responsibility
\"This book demonstrates that the symbol of maternal sacrifice is the notion that 'proper' women put the welfare of children, whether born, in utero or not conceived, over and above any choices and desires of their own. The idea of maternal sacrifice acts as powerful signifier in judging women's behaviour that goes beyond necessary care for any children. The book traces its presence in various aspects of reproductive health, from contraception to breastfeeding. Pam Lowe shows how although nominally choices are presented to women around reproductive health, maternal sacrifice is used to discipline women into conforming to specific norms, reasserting traditional forms of womenhood. This has significant implications for women's autonomy. Women can resist or reject this disciplinary position when making reproductive decisions, but in doing so they may be positioned as transgressing and/or need to justify their decisions\"-- Back cover.
BOOK
Effects of upward and downward social comparison information on the efficacy of an appearance-based sun protection intervention: a randomized, controlled experiment
This experiment examined the impact of adding upward and/or downward social comparison information on the efficacy of an appearance-based sun protection intervention (UV photos and photoaging information). Southern California college students (
N
= 126) were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: control, intervention, intervention plus upward social comparison, intervention plus downward social comparison. The results demonstrated that all those who received the basic UV photo/photoaging intervention reported greater perceived susceptibility to photoaging (
d
= .74), less favorable tanning cognitions (
d
= .44), and greater intentions to sun protect (
d
= 1.32) relative to controls. Of more interest, while the basic intervention increased sun protective behavior during the subsequent 5 weeks relative to controls (
d
= .44), the addition of downward comparison information completely negated this benefit. Upward comparison information produced sun protection levels that were only slightly (and nonsignificantly) greater than in the basic intervention condition and, as such, does not appear to be a cost-effective addition. Possible mechanisms that may have reduced the benefits of upward comparison information and contributed to the undermining effects of downward comparison information are discussed.
Journal Article
Disability in twentieth-century German culture
Disability in Twentieth-Century German Culture covers the entire scope of Germany's most tragic and tumultuous century—from the Weimar Republic to the current administration—revealing how central the notion of disability is to modern German cultural history. By examining a wide range of literary and visual depictions of disability, Carol Poore explores the contradictions of a nation renowned for its social services programs yet notorious for its history of compulsory sterilization and eugenic dogma. This comprehensive volume focuses particular attention on the horrors of the Nazi era, when those with disabilities were considered \"unworthy of life,\" but also investigates other previously overlooked topics including the exile community's response to disability, socialism and disability in East Germany, current bioethical debates, and the rise and gains of Germany's disability rights movement. Richly illustrated, wide-ranging, and accessible, Disability in Twentieth-Century German Culture gives all those interested in disability studies, German studies, visual culture, Nazi history, and bioethics the opportunity to explore controversial questions of individuality, normalcy, citizenship, and morality. The book concludes with a memoir of the author's experiences in Germany as a person with a disability.
eBook
Self-regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow by Means of Transcranial Doppler Sonography Biofeedback
Background
Transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) allows the continuous non-invasive assessment of intracranial blood flow velocities with high temporal resolution. It may therefore prove suitable for biofeedback of cerebral perfusion.
Purpose
The study explored whether healthy individuals can successfully be trained in self-regulation of cerebral blood flow using TCD biofeedback.
Methods
Twenty-two subjects received visual feedback of flow velocities in the middle cerebral arteries of both hemispheres. They were randomly assigned to two groups, one of which attempted to increase, the other to decrease the signal within eight training sessions. Heart rate and respiratory frequency were also monitored.
Results
Both groups achieved significant changes in flow velocities in the expected directions. Modulations in heart rate and respiratory frequency during biofeedback did not account for these effects.
Conclusions
TCD biofeedback enables efficient self-regulation of cerebral blood flow. It is promising in applications such as the treatment of migraine and post-stroke rehabilitation.
Journal Article
Snow Control - An RCT protocol for a web-based self-help therapy to reduce cocaine consumption in problematic cocaine users
Background
Cocaine use has increased in most European countries, including Switzerland, and many states worldwide. The international literature has described treatment models that target the general population. In addition to supplying informative measures at the level of primary and secondary prevention, the literature also offers web-based self-help tools for problematic substance users, which is in line with tertiary prevention. Such programs, however, have been primarily tested on individuals with problematic alcohol and cannabis consumption, but not on cocaine-dependent individuals.
Methods/Design
This paper presents the protocol of a randomised clinical trial to test the effectiveness of a web-based self-help therapy to reduce cocaine use in problematic cocaine users. The primary outcome is severity of cocaine dependence. Secondary outcome measures include cocaine craving, consumption of cocaine and other substances of abuse in the past month, and changes in depression characteristics. The therapy group will receive a 6-week self-help therapy to reduce cocaine consumption based on methods of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, principles of Motivational Interviewing and self-control practices. The control group will be presented weekly psycho-educative information with a quiz. The predictive validity of participant characteristics on treatment retention and outcome will be explored.
Discussion
To the best of our knowledge, this will be the first randomised clinical trial to test the effectiveness of online self-help therapy to reduce or abstain from cocaine use. It will also investigate predictors of outcome and retention. This trial is registered at Current Controlled Trials and is traceable as NTR-ISRCTN93702927.
Journal Article
Integrity in Scientific Research
\"Most people say that it is the intellect which makes a great scientist. They are wrong: it is character.\" -Albert Einstein
Integrity in Scientific Research attempts to define and describe those elements that encourage individuals involved with scientific research to act with integrity.
Recognizing the inconsistency of human behavior, it stresses the important role that research institutions play in providing an integrity-rich environment, citing the need for institutions to provide staff with training and education, policies and procedures, and tools and support systems. It identifies practices that characterize integrity in such areas as peer review and research on human subjects and weighs the strengths and limitations of self-evaluation efforts by these institutions. In addition, it details an approach to promoting integrity during the education of researchers, including how to develop an effective curriculum. Providing a framework for research and educational institutions, this important book will be essential for anyone concerned about ethics in the scientific community.
eBook
Beyond Choice
The world has changed, but the pro-choice position hasn't. Now an internationally renowned pro-choice advocate--and grandson of Margaret Sanger--offers a compelling new basis for keeping abortion legal.
eBook
Promoting Academic Integrity in an Online RN-BSN Program
The goal of this quasi-experimental study was to investigate an academic integrity (AI) intervention in an online RN to BSN nursing program.AIMThe goal of this quasi-experimental study was to investigate an academic integrity (AI) intervention in an online RN to BSN nursing program.Academic integrity is an issue in academia, with problems in this area increased by the proliferation of online and alternative learning environments.BACKGROUNDAcademic integrity is an issue in academia, with problems in this area increased by the proliferation of online and alternative learning environments.Students newly admitted to a RN to BSN nursing program were randomly assigned to a control group (n = 169), which received the usual honor code exposure, or a treatment group (n = 177), which received a faculty-designed intervention. At the completion of the semester students were asked to complete an academic integrity survey tool.METHODStudents newly admitted to a RN to BSN nursing program were randomly assigned to a control group (n = 169), which received the usual honor code exposure, or a treatment group (n = 177), which received a faculty-designed intervention. At the completion of the semester students were asked to complete an academic integrity survey tool.Overall self-reported cheating was very low in both groups. Students in the treatment group reported higher levels of faculty and student support for AI policies and perceived these policies to be more effective (p < .05).RESULTSOverall self-reported cheating was very low in both groups. Students in the treatment group reported higher levels of faculty and student support for AI policies and perceived these policies to be more effective (p < .05).While more research is needed in the area of AI, especially in post-licensure nursing students, faculty-initiated discussions appear to foster a culture of AI.CONCLUSIONSWhile more research is needed in the area of AI, especially in post-licensure nursing students, faculty-initiated discussions appear to foster a culture of AI.
Journal Article
gradient of childhood self-control predicts health, wealth, and public safety
Policy-makers are considering large-scale programs aimed at self-control to improve citizens' health and wealth and reduce crime. Experimental and economic studies suggest such programs could reap benefits. Yet, is self-control important for the health, wealth, and public safety of the population? Following a cohort of 1,000 children from birth to the age of 32 y, we show that childhood self-control predicts physical health, substance dependence, personal finances, and criminal offending outcomes, following a gradient of self-control. Effects of children's self-control could be disentangled from their intelligence and social class as well as from mistakes they made as adolescents. In another cohort of 500 sibling-pairs, the sibling with lower self-control had poorer outcomes, despite shared family background. Interventions addressing self-control might reduce a panoply of societal costs, save taxpayers money, and promote prosperity.
Journal Article