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"Social adjustment."
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Switch : how to change things when change is hard
\"In a story-driven narrative, the Heaths bring together decades of counter-intuitive research in psychology, sociology, and other fields to shed new light on how we can effect transformative change. \"Switch \"shows that successful changes follow a pattern, a pattern you can use to make the changes that matter to you, whether your interest is in changing the world or changing your waistline.\"--Publisher's description.
Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS): psychometric characteristics of a Spanish adaptation in a clinical population
The Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) is an instrument that can be easily applied for routine evaluation of the impact of mental disorders on patient functioning. In spite of the interest in its use, there is very little information available on its psychometric characteristics and even less in Spanish.
The objective of this study was to analyse its psychometric characteristics.
The sample consisted of 441 patients treated in a community mental health unit. They filled out the WSAS and two psychopathology measures, one for anxiety and the other for depression. Fifty-five of them, chosen at random, were asked to fill out the scale again a second time to explore its temporal reliability.
The scale showed high internal consistency, a single factor that explained 60.4% of the variance, and temporal reliability of .78 for the total score. Significant correlations were found between the WSAS scores and the psychopathological measures, as well as significant differences between those working and those on leave.
The results confirm the validity and reliability of the scale and support its possible use for routine evaluation of the functional impact of mental disorders.
Journal Article
The misfit's manifesto
The author explores the status of being a misfit as something to be embraced, and social misfits as being individuals of value who have a place in society, in a work that encourages people who have had difficulty finding their way to pursue their goals.
Book
First-year students’ social adjustment process in professional higher education: key experiences and their occurrence over time
The social adjustment process is a prominent factor in the literature on the transition to higher education (HE). This vast body of research, however, has predominantly focussed on academically oriented first-year higher education (FYHE) contexts, leaving professionally oriented programs (providing vocational education that prepares students for a particular occupation) rather underexamined. Therefore, this study set out to explore what first-year students in professional HE contexts perceive to be the most important social experiences associated with their adjustment process in the first semester of FYHE. Furthermore, this study examines the extent to which the uncovered key experiences associated with social adjustment are reported at different times. Hereto, drawing on the critical incidents technique, qualitative data were collected from 104 purposively selected freshmen, enrolled in a Flemish (Dutch-speaking part of Belgium) university college which offers professional HE programs, such as social work and nursing. At the start of the second semester of FYHE, these respondents completed ‘reflective logs’ wherein they reflected on three critical social experiences during their first semester in HE. Firstly, a qualitative content analysis revealed that students report on five overarching themes: (1) dealing with the unknown, (2) establishing a first connection, (3) establishing a deeper connection, (4) support from peers and others, and (5) loneliness. Secondly, a quantitative analysis of code occurrence suggests that these five uncovered themes seem to be more significant at different times in the first semester of FYHE. Implications of the findings for the development of guidance and coaching initiatives are discussed.
Journal Article
Radical change in everyday life : foundations of psychological future management
This volume deals with a key concept concerning the future: change. It is omnipresent and yet is often only perceived in retrospect. The book's editor and founder of Psychological Future Management argues that we are currently experiencing the beginning of the most radical and profound change in human history. This is the right moment to analyze people's ability to change more precisely. In this first, representative study, Germany was chosen as an example. The results serve as a basis for further psychological, sociological and prospective considerations. The Germans obviously have great resilience and problem-solving competence. At the same time, however, they are one-sidedly fixated on maintaining the economic status quo and fear negative changes in the future. Their social milieus are permeated by contradictions. The wealthy, in particular, are tied to security concerns and are therefore unwilling to experiment and take risks, two qualities without which a future in times of exponential change can hardly be managed. What could other countries and societies learn from these descriptions of the current state of one of the world's leading countries? The entire subject revolves around this question. The psychological effects of digitization and artificial intelligence also play a role, as they put our neuronal and emotional habits under enormous pressure. How can we improve our future competence and learn to adapt new knowledge more quickly and continuously? Against this background, the phenomenon of change will be examined and discussed from various national and international perspectives.
Book
Sierra Leone's Former Child Soldiers: A Follow-Up Study of Psychosocial Adjustment and Community Reintegration
This is the first prospective study to investigate psychosocial adjustment in male and female former child soldiers (ages 10-18; n = 156,12% female). The study began in Sierra Leone in 2002 and was designed to examine both risk and protective factors in psychosocial adjustment. Over the 2-year period of follow-up, youth who had wounded or killed others during the war demonstrated increases in hostility. Youth who survived rape not only had higher levels of anxiety and hostility but also demonstrated greater confidence and prosocial attitudes at follow-up. Of the potential protective resources examined, improved community acceptance was associated with reduced depression at follow-up and improved confidence and prosocial attitudes regardless of levels of violence exposure. Retention in school was also associated with greater prosocial attitudes.
Journal Article
Phenomenology in adaptation planning : an empirical study of flood-affected people in Kampung Muara Baru Jakarta
\"This book explores the planning knowledge that can be gleaned from the experiences of the urban poor, a group frequently affected by floods. Further, it examines the relationship between lifeworld analysis and adaptation planning through the sociology of knowledge, which plays a significant part in determining the adaptation pathway of the urban poor. The book brings together empirical data to translate self-reflective planning theory into the practical context, examines community planning, and enriches the discourse on urban adaptation. Lastly, it provides an adaptation-planning model that can benefit academics, practitioners and policymakers who wish to provide more socially accepted plans.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Childhood psychosocial adjustment and midlife obesity, diabetes and hypertension: prospective study from two birth cohorts
Understanding how childhood psychosocial adjustment (CPA) influences later life health outcomes is crucial for developing interventions to mitigate the long-term risk of cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs).
To investigate the association between CPA and incident CMDs in mid-life, and the mediating roles of educational attainment, smoking habits and depression during young adulthood.
A prospective cohort study utilised data from the 1958 National Child Development Study (NCDS; 1958-2013) and the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70; 1970-2018), encompassing 22 012 participants assessed for CPA in childhood, who were subsequently evaluated for educational attainment, smoking habits and depression in young adulthood, followed by assessments for CMDs in mid-life. CPA was assessed using the Bristol Social Adjustment Guides in the NCDS and the Rutter Child Behaviour Scale in the BCS70, with higher scores indicating poorer psychosocial adjustment. The primary outcomes were the mid-life incidences of hypertension, diabetes and obesity.
Compared with children in the lowest tertile for CPA scores, those in the middle tertile had an adjusted odds ratio for hypertension of 0.98 (95% CI 0.90-1.06), whereas those in the highest tertile had an odds ratio of 1.17 (95% CI 1.08-1.26). For diabetes, the corresponding odds ratios (95% CI) were 1.15 (0.98-1.35) and 1.39 (1.19-1.62). For obesity, the corresponding odds ratios (95% CI) were 1.08 (1.00-1.16) and 1.18 (1.09-1.27). These associations were partially mediated by educational attainment (2.4-13.9%) and depression during young adulthood (2.5-14.9%).
Poorer CPA is correlated with the development of hypertension, diabetes and obesity in mid-life. Interventions aimed at improving CPA may help in reducing the burden of these diseases in later life.
Journal Article
The vicarious brain, creator of worlds
Groping around a familiar room in the dark, relearning to read after a brain injury, navigating a virtual landscape through an avatar: all are expressions of vicariance--when the brain substitutes one process or function for another. Alain Berthoz shows that this capacity allows humans to think creatively in an increasingly complex world.-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The Work and Social Adjustment Scale for Youth: A Measure for Assessing Youth Psychosocial Impairment Regardless of Mental Health Status
A key component of delivering mental health services involves evaluating psychosocial impairments linked to mental health concerns. Youth may experience these impairments in various ways (e.g., dysfunctional family and/or peer relationships, poor school performance). Importantly, youth may display symptoms of mental illness without co-occurring psychosocial impairments, and the reverse may be true. However, all available instruments for assessing youth psychosocial impairments presume the presence of mental health concerns among those assessed. Consequently, key gaps exist in knowledge about the developmental psychopathology of psychosocial impairments; and thus how to understand impairments in the context of youth mental health. To address these issues we developed a modified version of a 5-item measure of adult psychosocial impairments (i.e., Work and Social Adjustment Scale for Youth [WSASY]) and tested its psychometric properties. A mixed clinical/community sample of adolescents and parents completed parallel versions of the WSASY, along with a multi-domain, multi-method battery of measures of adolescent internalizing and externalizing concerns, parent psychosocial functioning, adolescent-parent conflict, adolescent peer functioning, and observed social skills. On both versions of the WSASY, increased scores related to increased adolescent mental health concerns, adolescent–parent conflict, parent psychosocial dysfunction, and peer-related impairments. WSASY scores also distinguished adolescents who displayed co-occurring mental health concerns from those who did not, and related to observed social skills deficits within social interactions with unfamiliar peers. The WSASY opens doors to new areas of inquiry regarding the developmental psychopathology of impairment, including questions regarding the onset of impairments and their links to mental health.
Journal Article