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Strategies for sustainable mobilities : opportunities and challenges
\"Sustainable mobility is a qualitative, vague and normative vision. Although this vagueness is often criticized and seen as a drawback it also allows diverse stakeholders to commit to the goal of sustainable mobility. It allows for consensus, which can also help achieve a transport system that enables mobility for current and future generations. The goal of sustainable mobility is an ambitious one and requires a long-term and process-oriented perspective. With this in mind, this volume examines sustainable mobilities from multiple angles varying by time, region, cultural and economic backgrounds, local stakeholders and governance structures\"-Provided by publisher.
Book
Preferences and Perception Influencing Usage of Neighborhood Public Urban Green Spaces in Fast Urbanizing Indian City
In rapidly expanding Indian cities, the current provisions for public urban green spaces (PUGS) falls below the minimum standards recommended by the WHO, linked with the well-being of urban dwellers. The local authorities are struggling to fulfill the supply side gap, with a disparity in PUGS provisions. Currently, the provisions focus on fulfilling the prerequisites identified by the planning agencies and do not appropriately address the urban greenspace demands. However, effective planning has been emphasized as a way to respond to the diverse, competing and changing demands of PUGS, allowing the incorporation of the needs and preferences of urban dwellers in the planning and management of PUGS to help determine their multifunctionality, usefulness, and popularity. In response, this study attempts to capture the demands of urban dwellers through local social data for neighborhood PUGS of the fast-urbanizing Nagpur. We attempt to assist local authorities in better understanding the provisions for planning and managing PUGS that can fulfil the growing PUGS needs of urban dwellers. Via a social survey of users and residents, we capture visitations, usage, activities, motives of visits, and perceptions about neighborhood PUGS characteristics. The findings highlight the determinants that influence the usage and favored activities. Urban dwellers have a strong tendency to use neighborhood “parks and gardens” due to their convenient proximity, emphasizing how crucial their location is in shaping urban residents’ engagement with these spaces. The socio-demographics shape the preference, and the locals hold negative perceptions about size, vegetation, amenities, as well as maintenance. The identified determinants (access and availability), influencing factors (socio-demographic), and the barrier to usage (negative perceptions) need prioritized attention from the local authorities to accommodate the diverse and competing demands of different sub-groups of the urban dwellers.
Journal Article
Difficult People: Who Is Perceived to Be Demanding in Personal Networks and Why Are They There?
Why do people maintain ties with individuals whom they find difficult? Standard network theories imply that such alters are avoided or dropped. Drawing on a survey of over 1,100 diverse respondents who described over 12,000 relationships, we examined which among those ties respondents nominated as a person whom they \"sometimes find demanding or difficult.\" Those so listed composed about 15 percent of all alters in the network. After holding ego and alter traits constant, close kin, especially women relatives and aging parents, were especially likely to be named as difficult alters. Non-kin described as friends were less likely, and those described as co-workers more likely, to be listed only as difficult alters. These results suggest that normative and institutional constraints may force people to retain difficult and demanding alters in their networks. We also found that providing support to alters, but not receiving support from those alters, was a major source of difficulty in these relationships. Furthermore, the felt burden of providing support was not attenuated by receiving assistance, suggesting that alters involved in reciprocated exchanges were not less often labeled difficult than were those in unreciprocated ones. This study underlines the importance of constraints in personal networks.
Journal Article
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE SOCIAL DEMAND FOR THE EDUCATION OF THE COUNTRY’S YOUTH IN ENGINEERING FIELDS
One of the significant challenges facing the higher education system in recent years has been the declining social demand for engineering studies. This downward trend is also observed in other countries, even those with labor markets potentially capable of absorbing competent engineering graduates. This article examines the reasons behind the declining appeal of engineering education in several selected countries and then focuses on the state of social demand for this field of study in Iran. The study’s findings indicate that the proportion of engineering students in the overall student population, as well as in the youth population of the country, has been declining since 2010. This downward trend is observed across all educational levels in engineering, including associate, bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral degrees, sequentially over time. Moreover, this trend is not confined to a single engineering discipline but is evident in six selected major engineering fields. A comparison of the situation of engineering graduates in Iran with those in other countries also points to ineffective policymaking in the country’s higher education system over the past two decades. The article also discusses the causes, consequences, and youth strategies in response to this phenomenon, using thematic analysis of the conducted studies.
Journal Article
Analyzing the Level of Accessibility of Public Urban Green Spaces to Different Socially Vulnerable Groups of People
This study estimates the factors affecting socially vulnerable groups’ demand for and accessibility levels to green public spaces in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. Dhaka is a high-density city with one of the lowest levels of green space per capita in the world. Dhaka has just 8.5% of tree-covered lands, while an ideal city requires at least 20% of green space. Urban public green space provides a healthy environment to city dwellers as well as ecological soundness. This study aims to examine the effects of population density and size of a community area (Thana) on the social demand for and accessibility to green parks. To determine the socially vulnerable group demand index, this study used demographic data from the National Population and Housing Census 2011 conducted by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. This study used geographical data extracted from Google Earth Pro to measure accessibility levels, and additionally analyzed geographical data with ArcGIS 10.0 and Google Earth Pro. We drew radius circles using Free Map Tools to measure time-distance weighted scores from community areas to urban green spaces. The results show that the large population size of socially vulnerable groups creates very high demand at the score of 0.61 for urban green public parks and small-sized, high-density community areas generate very good accessibility at 2.01% to green public spaces. These findings are highly useful to policymakers, urban planners, landscape engineers, and city governments to make a compact city sustainable, inclusive, and resilient. Moreover, the notion of a “smart city” might be a smart solution in order to manage Dhaka Megacity sustainably in this modern technological age.
Journal Article
Seeking contexts that promote neurodiverse social success: Patterns of behavior during minimally-structured interaction settings in autistic and non-autistic youth
While peer interaction differences are considered a central feature of autism, little is known regarding the nature of these interactions via directly-observed measurement of naturalistic (i.e., minimally-structured) groups of autistic and non-autistic adolescent peers. 148 autistic and non-autistic adolescents (111 male, M age = 14.22, SD age = 1.90; M IQ = 103.22, SD IQ = 15.80) participated in a 50-minute, minimally-structured, naturalistic peer interaction paradigm with activities of varying social demands: an incidental social demand (eating in a room with peers), a physical social demand (playing a physically-interactive game), and a verbal social demand (playing a verbal game). While autistic youth exhibited fewer overall interaction behaviors than non-autistic youth, the two groups did not differ in amount of positive, negative, and low-level interaction behaviors. Within activities, autistic and non-autistic youth only differed in positive interaction behaviors during the context of a verbal social demand. Youth who displayed more positive interaction behaviors during this same activity had less autism spectrum disorder symptomatology, controlling for nested group effects and relevant covariates. These results point toward subtle differences in social demands across naturalistic settings that can either support or impede prosocial interaction for autistic youth, providing a guidepost for identifying settings that best promote social success for neurodiverse populations.
Journal Article
Hindrance Job Demands as Factors Undermining Employee Resilience
Given a turbulent work environment, employee resilience, defined as the capacity to bounce back, adapt, and even flourish at work in the face of challenging situations, has been receiving increasing attention. Previous studies have demonstrated the personal and organizational benefits of employee resilience and have underscored the need for further research on how to foster it. Nonetheless, in the organizational context, certain job demands may hinder its development. Drawing on the Job Demands–Resources theory and the challenge–hindrance framework, the paper aims to reveal the hindrance job demands that undermine employee resilience. For this, qualitative data were collected from 21 employees in Lithuania. The results revealed that social (toxic relationships with managers, difficulties in managing team dynamics, interpersonal conflicts with colleagues), organizational (role-related demands, generational clashes, workload, and scheduling), and emotional (dealing with clients) demands play an important role in undermining resilience. Moreover, ethical demands (dishonesty when dealing with clients and idea stealing) were also indicated. The results draw attention to the need to conduct training programs, including leadership training, to foster a supportive organizational culture and to rethink job design while aiming for organizational sustainability and employee well-being.
Journal Article
Analysis of social demand and labor supply for university study programs: case study in the province of Rodriguez de Mendoza, Amazonas region
The study of social demand and labor demand analyzes the relevance of the planning of higher education programs to meet the needs of society. Given this, the present study aims to identify social and labor demand in the Amazon region, through a case study applied in the province of Rodríguez de Mendoza. The methodology used was a descriptive, non-experimental design with a population composed of fourth and fifth-grade students from secondary institutions and organizations with economic activities in the province. The sample used was 747 students and 84 organizations, to which a survey was applied to collect the information. The results show that 72% are willing to study at the National University Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza and 38.7% of the students want to study Agribusiness Engineering, followed by Agroecology Engineering with 24.2%. It is concluded that the affinity for these two fields of study is because the province has great agro-export potential, with coffee being its main agricultural export product.
This study explores the analysis of the demand and supply of higher education, identifying graduate competencies. It reveals a strong demand for agricultural programs, particularly Agribusiness and Agroecological Engineering, reflecting the economic focus of the area. Interestingly, students prefer face-to-face learning, defying global trends toward online education. The research predicts a significant gap between the number of graduates and labor market needs by 2030, highlighting urgent challenges for universities and policymakers. This mismatch could affect regional development and employment opportunities for young people. The study also shows how family background influences career choices, as most students come from agricultural families. These findings are crucial for planning an education that meets both student aspirations and economic needs, which could shape the future workforce and economy of the region. It also provides a methodology for analyzing social and labor demand when creating new programs of study.
Journal Article
Inclusive Models of Digital Transformation of the Tourism System
The essence and features of the formation of an inclusive development model in the tourism sector are revealed. The main mechanisms and key areas of digital transformation of tourism systems in conditions of systemic multidimensional crises are characterized, in particular, those related to the consequences of full-scale military operations, armed aggressions and social conflicts. The concept of inclusive development in tourism, key determinants of the geospatial inclusive model of tourism systems were defined, factor models of inclusive tourism development were developed, social demand of inclusive consumers for tourism services was monitored, and an assessment of the quality of service, information and communication support, and infrastructure readiness for inclusive development in tourism were provided. Directions for the implementation of modern digital technologies and tools for the transformation of tourism systems of various scales are proposed, in particular in conditions of military aggression of the Russian Federation and the introduction of martial law, during the post-war revival of tourism in Ukraine.
Journal Article