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Enacting Cultural Interests: How Intergroup Contact Reduces Prejudice by Sparking Interest in an Out-Group's Culture
In the present research, we examined the hypothesis that cues of social connectedness to a member of another social group can spark interest in the group's culture, and that such interest, when freely enacted, contributes to reductions in intergroup prejudice. In two pilot studies and Experiment 1, we found that extant and desired cross-group friendships and cues of social connectedness to an out-group member predicted increased interest in the target group's culture. In Experiments 2 and 3, we manipulated cues of social connectedness between non–Latino American participants and a Latino American (i.e., Mexican American) peer and whether participants freely worked with this peer on a Mexican cultural task. This experience reduced the participants' implicit bias against Latinos, an effect that was mediated by increased cultural engagement, and, 6 months later in an unrelated context, improved intergroup outcomes (e.g., interest in interacting with Mexican Americans; Experiment 4). The Discussion section addresses the inter- and intragroup benefits of policies that encourage people to express and share diverse cultural interests in mainstream settings.
Journal Article
Undoing privilege
For every group that is oppressed, one or more other groups are privileged in relation to it. This book argues that privilege, as the other side of oppression, has been given insufficient attention in both critical theories and in the practices of social change and as a result, dominant groups have been allowed to reinforce their dominance.
eBook
Handbook of social work with groups
\"In this book we portray what we see as the critical dimensions of social work with groups and we take a broad view of this domain of social work. We see it as encompassing any and all of the types of groups in which social workers participate as part of their professional activities, either as members or facilitators. This view of group work consequently incorporates groups that individuals of different age groups join to solve problems and attain their individual, administrative, and organizational goals, enrich their lives, ameliorate problems experienced by organizations and communities, produce social change, and promote social justice\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The Social Functions of Group Rituals
Convergent developments across social scientific disciplines provide evidence that ritual is a psychologically prepared, culturally inherited, behavioral trademark of our species. We draw on evidence from the anthropological and evolutionary-science literatures to offer a psychological account of the social functions of ritual for group behavior. Solving the adaptive problems associated with group living requires psychological mechanisms for identifying group members, ensuring their commitment to the group, facilitating cooperation with coalitions, and maintaining group cohesion. The intersection of these lines of inquiry yields new avenues for theory and research on the evolution and ontogeny of social group cognition.
Journal Article
Theorizing identities and social action
\"This collection brings together leading scholars to explore the doing and making of identities. Drawing on the highly innovative ESRC Identities and Social Action Programme, the chapters take core social actions such as performing, excluding, mixing, bonding and demonstrate how social practices and identities unfold together\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
The silent sex
Do women participate in and influence meetings equally with men? Does gender shape how a meeting is run and whose voices are heard?The Silent Sexshows how the gender composition and rules of a deliberative body dramatically affect who speaks, how the group interacts, the kinds of issues the group takes up, whose voices prevail, and what the group ultimately decides. It argues that efforts to improve the representation of women will fall short unless they address institutional rules that impede women's voices.
Using groundbreaking experimental research supplemented with analysis of school boards, Christopher Karpowitz and Tali Mendelberg demonstrate how the effects of rules depend on women's numbers, so that small numbers are not fatal with a consensus process, but consensus is not always beneficial when there are large numbers of women. Men and women enter deliberative settings facing different expectations about their influence and authority. Karpowitz and Mendelberg reveal how the wrong institutional rules can exacerbate women's deficit of authority while the right rules can close it, and, in the process, establish more cooperative norms of group behavior and more generous policies for the disadvantaged. Rules and numbers have far-reaching implications for the representation of women and their interests.
Bringing clarity and insight to one of today's most contentious debates,The Silent Sexprovides important new findings on ways to bring women's voices into the conversation on matters of common concern.
eBook
The perfect swarm : the science of complexity in everyday life
\"The modern science of complexity has revealed how fish, birds, bees, and ants use swarm intelligence to guide group movements and to help in the search for food and shelter. Used by humans, swarm intelligence capitalizes on the diversity of our families, our groups of friends, our business contacts, and our social acquaintances to help us make better decisions. In The Perfect Swarm, Len Fisher shows how we can use swarm intelligence to start a craze, to work better in committee and get more from our social networks, or even know when we should change our minds.\"--Publisher description.
Book
The Entrepreneurial Group
Recent surveys show that more than half of American entrepreneurs share ownership in their business startups rather than going it alone, and experts in international entrepreneurship have likewise noted the importance of groups in securing microcredit and advancing entrepreneurial initiatives in the developing world. Yet the media and many scholars continue to perpetuate the myth of the lone visionary who single-handedly revolutionizes the marketplace.The Entrepreneurial Groupshatters this myth, demonstrating that teams, not individuals, are the leading force behind entrepreneurial startups.
This is the first book to provide an in-depth sociological analysis of entrepreneurial groups, and to put forward a theoretical framework--called relational demography--for understanding activities and outcomes within them. Martin Ruef looks at entrepreneurial teams in the United States during the boom years of the late 1990s and the recent recessionary bust. He identifies four mechanisms for explaining the dynamics of entrepreneurial groups: in-group biases on salient demographic dimensions; intimate relationships to spouses, cohabiting partners, and kin; a tendency to organize activities in residential or \"virtual\" spaces; and entrepreneurial goals that prioritize social and psychological fulfillment over material well-being. Ruef provides evidence showing when favorable outcomes--with respect to group formalization, equality, effort, innovation, and survival--follow from these mechanisms.
The Entrepreneurial Groupreveals how studying the social structure of entrepreneurial action can shed light on the creation of new organizations.
eBook