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Project unlonely : healing our crisis of disconnection
\"Even before 2020, chronic loneliness was a private experience of profound anguish that had become a public health crisis. Since then it has reached new heights. Loneliness assumes many forms, from enduring physical isolation to feeling rejected because of difference, and it can have devastating consequences for our physical and mental health. As the founder of Project UnLonely, Jeremy Nobel unpacks our personal and national experience of loneliness to discover its roots and take steps to find comfort and connection. Dr. Nobel leverages many voices, from pioneering researchers, to leaders in business, education, the arts, and health care, to the lived experience of lonely people of every age, background, and circumstance. He discovers that the pandemic isolated us in ways that were not only physical, and that, at its core, a true sense of loneliness results from a disconnection to the self. He clarifies how meaningful reconnection can be nourished and sustained. And he reveals that an important component of the healing process is engaging in creativity. Make things! Supportive, clear-eyed, and comforting, this is the book we will take into our new normal and rely on for years to come\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Evolution of cooperation with asymmetric social interactions
How cooperation emerges in human societies is both an evolutionary enigma and a practical problem with tangible implications for societal health. Population structure has long been recognized as a catalyst for cooperation because local interactions facilitate reciprocity. Analysis of population structure typically assumes bidirectional social interactions. But human social interactions are often unidirectional—where one individual has the opportunity to contribute altruistically to another, but not conversely—as the result of organizational hierarchies, social stratification, popularity effects, and endogenous mechanisms of network growth. Here we expand the theory of cooperation in structured populations to account for both uni- and bidirectional social interactions. Even though unidirectional interactions remove the opportunity for reciprocity, we find that cooperation can nonetheless be favored in directed social networks and that cooperation is provably maximized for networks with an intermediate proportion of unidirectional interactions, as observed in many empirical settings. We also identify two simple structural motifs that allow efficient modification of interaction directions to promote cooperation by orders of magnitude. We discuss how our results relate to the concepts of generalized and indirect reciprocity.
Journal Article
Microbiota regulate social behaviour via stress response neurons in the brain
Social interactions among animals mediate essential behaviours, including mating, nurturing, and defence
1
,
2
. The gut microbiota contribute to social activity in mice
3
,
4
, but the gut–brain connections that regulate this complex behaviour and its underlying neural basis are unclear
5
,
6
. Here we show that the microbiome modulates neuronal activity in specific brain regions of male mice to regulate canonical stress responses and social behaviours. Social deviation in germ-free and antibiotic-treated mice is associated with elevated levels of the stress hormone corticosterone, which is primarily produced by activation of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. Adrenalectomy, antagonism of glucocorticoid receptors, or pharmacological inhibition of corticosterone synthesis effectively corrects social deficits following microbiome depletion. Genetic ablation of glucocorticoid receptors in specific brain regions or chemogenetic inactivation of neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus that produce corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) reverse social impairments in antibiotic-treated mice. Conversely, specific activation of CRH-expressing neurons in the paraventricular nucleus induces social deficits in mice with a normal microbiome. Via microbiome profiling and in vivo selection, we identify a bacterial species,
Enterococcus faecalis
, that promotes social activity and reduces corticosterone levels in mice following social stress. These studies suggest that specific gut bacteria can restrain the activation of the HPA axis, and show that the microbiome can affect social behaviours through discrete neuronal circuits that mediate stress responses in the brain.
The gut microbiota in mice can modulate social behaviour by influencing activity in stress-related brain areas.
Journal Article
Social interactions in the metaverse: Framework, initial evidence, and research roadmap
Real-time multisensory social interactions (RMSIs) between people are at the center of the metaverse, a new computer-mediated environment consisting of virtual “worlds” in which people act and communicate with each other in real-time via avatars. This research investigates whether RMSIs in the metaverse, when accessed through virtual-reality headsets, can generate more value for interactants in terms of interaction outcomes (interaction performance, evaluation, and emotional responses) than those on the two-dimensional (2D) internet (e.g., Zoom meetings). We combine theoretical logic with extensive field-experimental probes (which support the value-creation potential of the virtual-reality metaverse, but contradict its general superiority) to develop and refine a framework of how RMSIs in the metaverse versus on the 2D internet affect interaction outcomes through interactants’ intermediate conditions. The refined framework serves as foundation for a research roadmap on RMSIs in the metaverse, in which we highlight the critical roles of specific mediating and moderating forces along with interactional formats for future investigations of the metaverse and also name key business areas and societal challenges that deserve scholarly attention.
Journal Article
The Cambridge handbook of group interaction analysis
\"This Handbook provides a compendium of research methods that are essential for studying interaction and communication across the behavioral sciences. Focusing on coding of verbal and nonverbal behavior and interaction, the Handbook is organized into five parts. [bullet] Part I provides an introduction and historic overview of the field. [bullet] Part II presents areas in which interaction analysis is used, such as relationship research, group research, and nonverbal research. [bullet] Part III focuses on development, validation, and concrete application of interaction coding schemes. [bullet] Part IV presents relevant data analysis methods and statistics. [bullet] Part V contains systematic descriptions of established and novel coding schemes, which allows quick comparison across instruments. Researchers can apply this methodology to their own interaction data and learn how to evaluate and select coding schemes and conduct interaction analysis. This is an essential reference for all who study communication in teams and groups\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Contributions from European Symbolic Interactionists: Conflict and Cooperation
The papers in this volume were presented at the third conference of the European Society for the Study of Symbolic Interaction (SSSI). The theme of the 2012 conference was \"Conflict, Cooperation and Transformation in Everyday Life\". The fifteen papers presented across this volume and volume 45 cover a diverse range of topics, which are divided into two main categories: 'Reflections on Methods' and (interactions of) 'Conflict and Cooperation', this volume focuses on the latter.The papers in this volume present a wide variety of qualitative methods and themes, such as sex-work in Poland, urban public places in the Netherlands, dancing during lunch break in Sweden, self-change in Papua New Guinea, immigration in Malta and the body online.Contributing authors to this volume and the previous come from Belgium, Canada, Sweden, The US, The Netherlands, and Germany, suggesting the thriving diversity of European SSSI in terms of its research themes and methods.
eBook
WHAT DRIVES CONSUMER SHOPPING BEHAVIOR IN LIVE STREAMING COMMERCE?
Drawing upon the stimulus-organism-response framework, this study investigates contextual and environmental stimuli effects (streamer attractiveness, para-social interactions, and information quality) from a live streaming commerce context on viewer's cognitive and emotional states (cognitive assimilation and arousal) and their subsequent responses (hedonic consumption, impulsive consumption, and social sharing). Based on 300 valid survey data, we found 1) the three stimuli have direct effects on cognitive and emotional states, and cognitive and emotional states have direct effects on three responses, 2) the streamer attractiveness and para-social interaction effects on the three responses are mediated by arousal. However, cognitive assimilation only mediates the information quality effect on the three responses. These findings provide insights into how live streaming stimuli influence consumer's cognitive and emotional states, in turn influencing consumer behavior in a live streaming commerce context.
Journal Article