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"Social interest"
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Justice and self-interest : two fundamental motives
\"This volume argues that the commitment to justice is a fundamental motive and that it sometimes takes priority over self-interest\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The Right to the City in Practice: The Experience of Social Interest Housing Developments in Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
This study examines the transformative impact of the Special Zones of Social Interest (AEIS-1) implemented in Diadema, São Paulo, in 1994, as an innovative urban policy tool in Brazil. Rooted in the principle of the social function of property established in the 1988 Federal Constitution, the research analyzes the development of social interest housing projects (HISs) led by housing movement associations. The study adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining primary data from local housing associations and the municipal government with geospatial analysis. The results reveal that between 1996 and 2013, over 20 LHISs were successfully established, directly benefiting approximately 2000 low-income families. These projects utilized a self-construction model financed entirely by families, overcoming the lack of public investment. The findings highlight the critical role of housing associations in organizing, planning, and implementing urban housing initiatives. This model not only addressed housing deficits but also fostered community resilience and inclusivity. By demonstrating how grassroots organizations can drive urban transformation, this research underscores the potential of participatory practices in advancing spatial justice and the right to the city. The Diadema case offers valuable insights for cities facing similar challenges, advocating for equitable and democratic urban development strategies.
Journal Article
Equal, equitable or exacerbating inequalities: patterns and predictors of social prescribing referrals in 160 128 UK patients
Social prescribing is growing rapidly globally as a way to tackle social determinants of health. However, whom it is reaching and how effectively it is being implemented remains unclear.
To gain a comprehensive picture of social prescribing in the UK, from referral routes, reasons, to contacts with link workers and prescribed interventions.
This study undertook the first analyses of a large database of administrative data from over 160 000 individuals referred to social prescribing across the UK. Data were analysed using descriptive analyses and regression modelling, including logistic regression for binary outcomes and negative binomial regression for count variables.
Mental health was the most common referral reason and mental health interventions were the most common interventions prescribed. Between 72% and 85% of social prescribing referrals were from medical routes (primary or secondary healthcare). Although these referrals demonstrated equality in reaching across sociodemographic groups, individuals from more deprived areas, younger adults, men, and ethnic minority groups were reached more equitably via non-medical routes (e.g. self-referral, school, charity). Despite 90% of referrals leading to contact with a link worker, only 38% resulted in any intervention being received. A shortage of provision of community activities - especially ones relevant to mental health, practical support and social relationships - was evident. There was also substantial heterogeneity in how social prescribing is implemented across UK nations.
Mental health is the leading reason for social prescribing referrals, demonstrating its relevance to psychiatrists. But there are inequalities in referrals. Non-medical referral routes could play an important role in addressing inequality in accessing social prescribing and therefore should be prioritised. Additionally, more financial and infrastructural resource and strategic planning are needed to address low intervention rates. Further investment into large-scale data platforms and staff training are needed to continue monitoring the development and distribution of social prescribing.
Journal Article
Virtue politics : soulcraft and statecraft in Renaissance Italy
\"Convulsed by a civilizational crisis, the great thinkers of the Renaissance set out to reconceive the nature of society. Everywhere they saw problems. Corrupt and reckless tyrants sowing discord and ruling through fear; elites who prized wealth and status over the common good; military leaders waging endless wars. Their solution was at once simple and radical. \"Men, not walls, make a city,\" as Thucydides so memorably said. They would rebuild their city, and their civilization, by transforming the moral character of its citizens. Soulcraft, they believed, was a precondition of successful statecraft. A dazzlingly ambitious reappraisal of Renaissance political thought by one of our generation's foremost intellectual historians, Virtue Politics challenges the traditional narrative that looks to the Renaissance as the seedbed of modern republicanism and sees Machiavelli as its exemplary thinker. James Hankins reveals that what most concerned the humanists was not reforming laws or institutions so much as shaping citizens. If character mattered more than constitutions, it would have to be nurtured through a new program of education they called the studia humanitatis: the humanities. We owe liberal arts education and much else besides to the bold experiment of these passionate and principled thinkers. The questions they asked-Should a good man serve a corrupt regime? What virtues are necessary in a leader? What is the source of political legitimacy? Is wealth concentration detrimental to social cohesion? Should citizens be expected to fight for their country?-would have a profound impact on later debates about good government and seem as vital today as they did then\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Being versus appearing socially uninterested: Challenging assumptions about social motivation in autism
Progress in psychological science can be limited by a number of factors, not least of which are the starting assumptions of scientists themselves. We believe that some influential accounts of autism rest on a questionable assumption that many of its behavioral characteristics indicate a lack of social interest – an assumption that is flatly contradicted by the testimony of many autistic people themselves. In this article, we challenge this assumption by describing alternative explanations for four such behaviors: (a) low levels of eye contact, (b) infrequent pointing, (c) motor stereotypies, and (d) echolalia. The assumption that autistic people's unusual behaviors indicate diminished social motivation has had profound and often negative effects on the ways they are studied and treated. We argue that understanding and supporting autistic individuals will require interrogating this assumption, taking autistic testimony seriously, considering alternative explanations for unusual behaviors, and investigating unconventional – even idiosyncratic – ways in which autistic individuals may express their social interest. These steps are crucial, we believe, for creating a more accurate, humane, and useful science of autism.
Journal Article
The hidden agenda of the political mind : how self-interest shapes our opinions and why we won't admit it
\"When it comes to politics, we often perceive our own beliefs as fair and socially beneficial, while seeing opposing views as merely self-serving. But in fact most political views are governed by self-interest, even if we usually don't realize it. Challenging our fiercely held notions about what motivates us politically, this book explores how self-interest divides the public on a host of hot-button issues, from abortion and the legalization of marijuana to same-sex marriage, immigration, affirmative action, and income redistribution.Expanding the notion of interests beyond simple economics, Jason Weeden and Robert Kurzban look at how people's interests clash when it comes to their sex lives, social status, family, and friends. Drawing on a wealth of data, they demonstrate how different groups form distinctive bundles of political positions that often stray far from what we typically think of as liberal or conservative. They show how we engage in unconscious rationalization to justify our political positions, portraying our own views as wise, benevolent, and principled while casting our opponents' views as thoughtless and greedy.While many books on politics seek to provide partisans with new ways to feel good about their own side, The Hidden Agenda of the Political Mind illuminates the hidden drivers of our politics, even if it's a picture neither side will find flattering\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
TESTING FOR ALTRUISM AND SOCIAL PRESSURE IN CHARITABLE GIVING
Every year, 90% of Americans give money to charities. Is such generosity necessarily welfare enhancing for the giver? We present a theoretical framework that distinguishes two types of motivation: individuals like to give, for example, due to altruism or warm glow, and individuals would rather not give but dislike saying no, for example, due to social pressure. We design a door-to-door fund-raiser in which some households are informed about the exact time of solicitation with a flyer on their doorknobs. Thus, they can seek or avoid the fund-raiser. We find that the flyer reduces the share of households opening the door by 9% to 25% and, if the flyer allows checking a Do Not Disturb box, reduces giving by 28% to 42%. The latter decrease is concentrated among donations smaller than $10. These findings suggest that social pressure is an important determinant of doorto-door giving. Combining data from this and a complementary field experiment, we structurally estimate the model. The estimated social pressure cost of saying no to a solicitor is $ 3.80 for an in-state charity and $1.40 for an out-of-state charity. Our welfare calculations suggest that our door-to-door fund-raising campaigns on average lower the utility of the potential donors.
Journal Article
Courting the people : public interest litigation and political society in post-emergency India
\"\"Studies the politics of Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in contemporary India\"--Provided by publisher\".
Book
Life Cycle Assessment of building systems of a social interest housing unit
Objetivo: O artigo tem como objetivo avaliar os sistemas construtivos de uma habitaçâo de interesse social e apontar os impactos ambientais resultantes dos processos produtivos e de manutençâo dos materiais de construçâo adotados. Metodologia: A metodologia utilizada para atingir os resultados desejados, foi realizada seguindo as diretrizes da NBR 14040 (ABNT 2009a) e NBR 14044 (ABNT 2009b), adotando-se um estudo de caso para identificaçâo e quantificaçâo dos materiais. O escopo abrange os impactos incorporados nos materiais de construçâo, analisando as etapas de extraçâo da matéria-prima, produçâo, transporte até a obra, manutençâo e substituiçâo de materiais. Relevancia: Devido â crescente conscientizaçâo acerca dos impactos ambientais resultantes das atividades humanas, torna-se evidente a importancia de estudos para a avaliaçâo da participaçâo do setor da construçâo civil em relaçâo a essa problemática. Neste contexto, é importante a adoçâo de novas ferramentas para analisar os materials empregados em edificaçöes, visando subsidiar a busca por estrategias de mitigaçâo de impactos futuros. Resultados: Os resultados demonstraram que a etapa de manutençâo detém as maiores contribuiçöes de impactos referentes aos sistemas analisados. Em relaçâo aos sistemas construtivos, o sistema de paredes foi o elemento com a maior concentraçâo dos impactos em comparaçâo aos demais sistemas analisados. Contribuiçöes sočiais / para a gestäo: Por se tratar de uma ferramenta de gestâo ambiental, a Avaliaçâo de Ciclo de Vida permite que profissionais possam obter informaçöes pertinentes acerca dos impactos de materiais e sistemas construtivos para desenvolver e gerenciar edificaçöes menos impactantes ambientalmente.
Journal Article