Explore the vast range of titles available.

This article explores the relationship between individuals’ satisfaction with their social life and global life satisfaction during periods of economic prosperity and crisis, using data from the Panel of Social Inequalities in Catalonia, Spain (PaD 2001–2012). The study also investigates how this relationship varies across different social origins. Catalonia is a pertinent context due to its significant increase in inequality and unemployment during the 2008 Economic Crisis, positioning it among the most affected regions in Europe. The findings reveal that satisfaction with one’s social life matters for global life satisfaction, even after accounting for individual and macro characteristics. However, contrary to the initial expectations, the study demonstrates that satisfaction with one’s social life becomes less influential for global life satisfaction during the macroeconomic crisis, particularly among individuals from middle and low social origins. Furthermore, while a strong positive relationship exists between satisfaction with one’s social life and global life satisfaction during times of economic prosperity for all social groups, a robust negative relationship emerges in periods of macroeconomic crisis for individuals from high social origins. The article offers several potential explanations for these findings.

\"The story of human evolution, or Our Story, is about the development and refinement of cultures. Individuals cannot do things on their own, this book argues; their choices are driven by heuristics, biases, illogical preferences, and irrational assumptions about the nature of reality. So how did humanity survive? By forming more and more successful cultures, which are teams of people who share a specific vision of the world. Because cultures-as-teams are more effective if there is a strong correspondence among the members, they select individuals who clarify the team's vision and force compliance to that vision. Thus, cultures-as-teams are powerful agents for change in the world. They offer the individual the opportunity to accomplish unimaginable goals, but they can also destroy him or her in the process\"-- Provided by publisher.

Although there is an extensive literature on intergenerational mobility in education, including the completion of PhD degrees, far less is known about the transition into academic faculty positions. Here, the authors use administrative microdata following entire birth cohorts born from 1955 to 1985 in Norway, an egalitarian welfare state, to investigate the social origins of academic faculty. Despite publicly funded higher education and competitive wages for PhD positions, arguably removing many barriers to entry, the present findings reveal persistent disparities in the likelihood of becoming a faculty member. Differences in earlier stages of the educational career largely account for these disparities, indicating that disadvantaged family background does not appear to constitute an additional barrier to becoming a faculty member when comparing individuals with PhD degrees. However, more advantageous social origins influence the likelihood of employment at more prestigious institutions and higher earnings among faculty members, indicating that socioeconomic origins impact academic careers beyond their effects on entering academia. Overall, these findings show that within an egalitarian context designed to promote equality of opportunity, social origins continue to shape access and progression within academia.

\"This is the first book to focus on the role of Southern Asia and Australia in our understanding of modern human origins and the expansion of Homo sapiens between East Africa and Australia before 30,000 years ago. With contributions from leading experts that take into account the latest archaeological evidence from India and Southeast Asia, this volume critically reviews current models of the timing and character of the spread of modern humans out of Africa. It also demonstrates that the evidence from Australasia should receive much wider and more serious consideration in its own right if we want to understand how our species achieved its global distribution. Critically examining the 'Out of Africa' model, this book emphasizes the context and variability of the global evidence in the search for human origins\"-- Provided by publisher.

This article compares the emerging concept, practice, and context of social enterprise across seven regions and countries of the world. Broadly defined as the use of market-based approaches to address social issues, social enterprise provides a \"business\" source of revenue for civil society organizations. However, within these broad parameters, world regions have come to identify different concepts and contexts with the social enterprise movement in their areas. Largely lacking in the social enterprise literature are explanations of what these regional differences are, and whether and how socioeconomic context may play a role in these variations. Drawing on social origins theory, recent social enterprise comparative research, and socioeconomic data, this article examines the different factors shaping social enterprise in seven regions and countries. It finds that variations in socioeconomic contexts appear to account for international differences in social enterprise. These findings have practical implications for the development and transfer of social enterprise internationally. Cet article compare la notion émergente, la pratique et le contexte de l'enterprise sociale à travers sept régions et pays du monde. Généralement définie comme l'utilisation de méthodes basées sur le marché pour régler les problèmes sociaux, l'entreprise sociale procure une source de revenus «commerciaux» aux organisations de la société civile. Cependant, à l'intérieur de ces paramètres, les régions du monde en viennent à identifier des conditions et des contextes différents en ce qui concerne le mouvement de l'entreprise sociale dans leurs pays. Les explications sur ces différences régionales, et dans quelle mesure le contexte socio-économique peut jouer un rôle dans ces disparités, manquent cruellement dans les publications sur l'enterprise sociale. S'appuyant sur la théorie des origines sociales, les recherches comparatives récentes en matière d'entreprise sociale, ainsi que les données socio-économiques, cet article examine les différents facteurs qui façonnent l'entreprise sociale dans sept régions et pays. D'après ses conclusions, il apparaît que les différences dans les contextes socio-économiques semblent expliquer les différences au niveau international en matière d'entreprise sociale. Ces conclusions ont des répercussions pratiques pour le développement et la cession des entreprises sociales au niveau international. Dieser Artikel vergleicht das sich entwickelnde Konzept, Praxis und Kontext von sozialen Unternehmen in sieben Regionen und Ländern der Welt. Grob definiert als auf dem Markt basierende Ansätzen nutzent, um sich sozialen Problemen zu widmen, soziale Unternehmen bieten zivilgesellschaftliche Organisationen eine \"geschäftliche\" Einkommensquelle. Innerhalb dieser breit angelegten Parameter haben verschiedene Regionen der Welt jedoch verschiedene Konzepte und Kontexte für soziale Unternehmen in ihren Gebieten identifiziert. In der Literatur über soziale Unternehmen fehlen weitgehend Erklärungen, was diese regionalen Unterschiede sind, und ob und welche Rolle sozialökonomischer Kontext in diesen Variationen spielen könnte. Basierend auf der Theorie der sozialen Herkunft, jüngster vergleichender Forschung zu sozialen Unternehmen und sozialökonomischen Daten untersucht dieser Artikel die verschiedenen Faktoren, die soziale Unternehmen in sieben Regionen und Ländern prägen. Er findet, dass Variationen in sozialökonomischen Kontexten für Unterschiede in sozialen Unternehmen weltweit verantwortlich zu sein scheinen. Diese Ergebnisse haben praktische Folgen für die Entwicklung und Transfer von sozialen Unternehmen weltweit. En este artículo se compara el concepto, la práctica emergente y el contexto de la empresa social en siete regiones y países del mundo. Generalmente definida como el uso de enfoques de mercado para abordar las cuestiones sociales, la empresa social ofrece a las organizaciones de la sociedad civil una fuente «empresarial» de ganancias. No obstante, dentro de estos amplios parámetros, las regiones del mundo han llegado a identificar en sus zonas distintos conceptos y contextos con el movimiento de la empresa social. En la literatura sobre empresas sociales brillan por su ausencia las explicaciones sobre qué son estas diferencias regionales, si el contexto socioeconómico desempeña un papel en estas variaciones y cómo es este papel. Basado en la teoría de los orígenes sociales, el reciente estudio comparativo de empresas sociales y los datos socioeconómicos, este artículo analiza los distintos factores que conforman la empresa social en siete regiones y países. Descubre que los cambios en los contextos socioeconómicos parecen ser la causa de las diferencias sociales en la empresa social. Estos descubrimientos tienen implicaciones prácticas para el desarrollo y la distribución de la empresa social internacionalmente.

An account of all the new and surprising evidence now available for the beginnings of the earliest civilizations that contradict the standard narrative. Why did humans abandon hunting and gathering for sedentary communities dependent on livestock and cereal grains, and governed by precursors of today's states? Most people believe that plant and animal domestication allowed humans, finally, to settle down and form agricultural villages, towns, and states, which made possible civilization, law, public order, and a presumably secure way of living. But archaeological and historical evidence challenges this narrative. The first agrarian states, says James C. Scott, were born of accumulations of domestications: first fire, then plants, livestock, subjects of the state, captives, and finally women in the patriarchal family-all of which can be viewed as a way of gaining control over reproduction. Scott explores why we avoided sedentism and plow agriculture, the advantages of mobile subsistence, the unforeseeable disease epidemics arising from crowding plants, animals, and grain, and why all early states are based on millets and cereal grains and unfree labor. He also discusses the \"barbarians\" who long evaded state control, as a way of understanding continuing tension between states and nonsubject peoples.

Academic research on social mobility from the 1960s until now has made several facts clear. First, and most important, it is better to ask how the conditions and circumstances of early life constrain adult success than to ask who is moving up and who is not. The focus on origins keeps the substantive issues of opportunity and fairness in focus, while the mobility question leads to confusing side issues. Second, mobility is intrinsically symmetrical; each upward move is offset by a downward move in the absence of growth, expansion, or immigration. Third, social origins are not a single dimension of inequality that can be paired with the outcome of interest (without significant excluded variable bias); they are a comprehensive set of conditions describing the circumstances of youth. Fourth, the constraints of social origins vary by time, place, and subpopulation. These four \"knowns\" should inform any attempt to collect new data on mobility.

\"The origins of human language remain hotly debated. Despite growing appreciation of cognitive and neural continuity between humans and other animals, an evolutionary account of human language-in its modern form-remains as elusive as ever. The Social Origins of Language provides a novel perspective on this question and charts a new path toward its resolution.In the lead essay, Robert Seyfarth and Dorothy Cheney draw on their decades-long pioneering research on monkeys and baboons in the wild to show how primates use vocalizations to modulate social dynamics. They argue that key elements of human language emerged from the need to decipher and encode complex social interactions. In other words, social communication is the biological foundation upon which evolution built more complex language.Seyfarth and Cheney's argument serves as a jumping-off point for responses by John McWhorter, Ljiljana Progovac, Jennifer E. Arnold, Christopher I. Petkov and Benjamin Wilson, and Peter Godfrey-Smith, each of whom draw on their respective expertise in linguistics, neuroscience, philosophy, and psychology. Michael Platt provides an introduction, Seyfarth and Cheney a concluding essay. Ultimately, The Social Origins of Language offers thought-provoking viewpoints on how human language evolved.\"--Front jacket flap.

This paper studies dynamically the direct effect of social origin on occupational destinations among men in Italy over the career. It aims at investigating the existence, the pattern over time and the heterogeneity of differences in occupational achievement related to social origins, net of education (DESO) and occupational allocation at first job. It also analyses if the change of the DESO over the career is related to the effect of specific job change episodes (voluntary job change, involuntary job change, internal career move). Results based on growth curve models show the relevance of first job in shaping the DESO, which also slightly increases over the career. The DESO is stronger among highly educated individuals, confirming a boosting pattern primarily driven by a better allocation at first job. The (smaller) DESO among the loweducated, increasing over the career, depends from the higher probabilities to benefit from voluntary and internal career job changes for the children of the service class. The (stronger) DESO among the highly educated is driven by the higher probabilities of experiencing internal career mobility for the children of the service class as well as by their ability to benefit also from an involuntary job change (e.g. dismissal).