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Social judgments : implicit and explicit processes
This book presents ground-breaking research by leading international researchers on the psychology of social judgments, and offers a closer integration between implicit, subconscious, and explicit conscious judgmental mechanisms.
Book
Knowing bodies, passionate souls : sense perceptions in Byzantium
\"Byzantine culture was notably attuned to a cosmos of multiple dominions: material, bodily, intellectual, physical, spiritual, human, divine. Despite a prevailing discourse to the contrary, the Byzantine world found its bridges between domains most often in sensory modes of awareness. These different domains were concretely perceptible and were encountered daily amidst the mundane no less than the exalted. Icons, incense, music, sacred architecture, ritual activity; saints, imperial families, persons at prayer; hymnography, ascetical or mystical literature: in all of its cultural expressions, the Byzantines excelled in highlighting the intersections between human and divine realms through sensory engagement (whether positive or negative). Byzantinists have been slow to look at the operations of the senses in Byzantium, especially those of seeing, its relation to the other senses, and phenomenological approaches in general. More recently, work on smell and hearing has followed that on seeing, and yet the areas of taste and touch--the most universal and most necessary of the senses--are still largely uncharted. Nor has much been done to explore how Byzantines viewed the senses, or how they envisaged the sensory interactions with their world. A map of the connections between sense-perceptions and other processes (of perception, memory, visualization) in the Byzantine brain has still to be sketched out. How did the Byzantines describe, narrate, or represent the senses at work? It is hoped to further studies of how individual senses in Byzantium operated in the context of all the senses, and their place in Byzantine thought about perception and cognition. Recent work on dreaming, on memory, and on the emotions has made advances possible, and collaborative experiments between Byzantinists and neurological scientists open further approaches. The happy coincidence of this symposium with the upcoming Garden and Landscape Studies Symposium, 'Sound and Scent in the Garden, ' and a forthcoming exhibition at the Walters Art Museum on the five senses enables cross-cultural comparisons that include gardens in Islamic Spain, Hebrew hymnography, Syriac wine-poetry, Mediterranean ordure, and Romanesque and Gothic precious objects that were not just looked at but also touched, smelled, and heard. Architects, musicologists, art historians, archaeologists, philologists can all contribute approaches to the revelation of the Byzantine sensorium\"--Publisher's website.
Book
The Development of Social Cognition and Communication
For young children, two of the most important tasks they face are learning how to communicate and learning how to think about themselves and the social world around them. The premise of this book is that these two tasks are inherently linked. The communicative routines and language that children learn enable new modes of cognition, which in turn allow for more complex social interactions. The model of early child development that emerges is one in which equal importance is given to the socio-cultural context in which children are developing, and to the role played by children in actively constructing their own knowledge. The book is organized into four thematic sections, each introduced by an integrative overview. The first section, \"Language and Cognition,\" examines the function of language in young children's lives. The second section, \"Intentionality and Communication,\" explores young children's understanding of intentions and their verbal and non-verbal communication. The third section, \"Theory of Mind and Pedagogy,\" examines the ways in which developments in cognitive and communicative skills transform children's participation in the process of teaching and learning. The final section, \"Narrative and Autobiographical Memory,\" looks at the effects of narrative on young children's understanding of themselves and their world. This book will be of great interest to anyone concerned with young children's learning and development.
eBook
Metacognition : cognitive and social dimensions
Metacognition - cognitive processes that apply to themselves - is becoming increasingly recognized as a fundamental aspect of human psychology. In this broad-ranging book, internationally renowned authors show how a full analysis of human reasoning and behaviour requires an understanding of both cognitive and metacognitive activities. Important insights from across social and cognitive psychology are drawn together to offer an unmatched overview of this major debate, and a number of key questions are addressed, including: Are metacognitive activities similar to standard cognitive processes, or do they represent a separate category? How do people reflect on their cognitive processes? Does our metacognitive knowledge affect o.
eBook
Stylistics and Social Cognition
This volume of articles comprises papers from the 25th annual conference of the Poetics and Linguistics Association (PALA), which was held at the University of Huddersfield, England, in July 2005. The theme of the conference was 'Stylistics and Social Cognition', and as usual at a PALA conference, this theme was interpreted very widely by the participants, as the reader of this book will no doubt conclude. At the heart of this volume, there is something of a reaction against the cognitive developments in stylistics, which might be seen as being in danger of privileging the individual interpretation of literature over something more social. The concern is to consider whether there is a more collective approach that could be taken to the meaning of text, and whether recent insights from cognitive stylistics could work with this idea of collectivity to define something we might call 'commonality' of meaning in texts. Stylistics and Social Cognition will be of interest to those working in stylistics and other text-analytic fields such as critical discourse analysis and those concerned with notions of interpretation, collective meaning and human communication.
eBook
The Germans and the Holocaust
Up-to-Date: Features cutting-edge scholarship about a compelling and very important aspect of the Holocaust. Eminent Authors: All of the chapters have been written by highly accomplished senior scholars who are internationally known in this field of Research Focus on Sources: Several of the chapters emphasize the utitlity of newly available sources for reassessing our understanding of Germans' respsonses to the Holocaust.
eBook
Legislative Staff and Representation in Congress
Legislative staff link Members of Congress and their constituents,
theoretically facilitating democratic representation. Yet, little
research has examined whether Congressional staff actually recognize
the preferences of their Members’ constituents. Using an original
survey of senior US Congressional staffers, we show that staff
systematically mis-estimate constituent opinions. We then evaluate
the sources of these misperceptions, using observational analyses
and two survey experiments. Staffers who rely more heavily on
conservative and business interest groups for policy information
have more skewed perceptions of constituent opinion. Egocentric
biases also shape staff perceptions. Our findings complicate
assumptions that Congress represents constituent opinion, and help
to explain why Congress often appears so unresponsive to ordinary
citizens. We conclude that scholars should focus more closely on
legislative aides as key actors in the policymaking process, both in
the United States and across other advanced democracies.
Journal Article
Public Perceptions of Women’s Inclusion and Feelings of Political Efficacy
Theoretical work argues that citizens gain important symbolic benefits when they are represented by gender-inclusive institutions. Despite the centrality of this claim in the literature, empirical evidence is mixed. In this article, I argue that these mixed findings are—in part—because many Americans hold beliefs about women’s inclusion that are out of step with reality. Leveraging variation in survey respondents’ beliefs about women’s representation, I examine how these perceptions influence attitudes toward Congress and state legislatures. In both cases, I find that believing women are included is associated with higher levels of external efficacy among both men and women. Using panel data, I then show that when citizens’ underestimations (overestimations) are corrected, their levels of efficacy increase (decrease), shedding further light on this relationship. The findings presented in this research add new theoretical insights into when, and how, Americans consider descriptive representation when evaluating the institutions that represent them.
Journal Article