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This book examines posters produced by the Works Progress Administration (WPA), a federal relief program designed to create jobs in the United States during the Great Depression. Cory Pillen focuses on several issues addressed repeatedly in the roughly 2,200 extant WPA posters created between 1935 and 1943: recreation and leisure, conservation, health and disease, and public housing. As the book shows, the posters promote specific forms of knowledge and literacy as solutions to contemporary social concerns. The varied issues these works engage and the ideals they endorse, however, would have resonated in complex ways with the posters’ diverse viewing public, working both for and against the rhetoric of consensus employed by New Deal agencies in defining and managing the relationship between self and society in modern America. This book will be of interest to scholars in design history, art history, and American studies. Cover image: Don (Chester) C. Powell. Washington D.C. WPA, Department of the Interior, National Park Service, c. 1938. Silkscreen Print. Digital Image courtesy of Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, WPA Poster Collection, LC-DIG-ppmsca-13397.

Presents bold graphics, photographs, and collages created by Emory Douglas, the Black Panther Party's newspaper art director and later the party's Minister of Culture. \"Discusses Douglas's seminal role in the crafting of the party's visual identity and cultural programs and his lasting influence on generations of artists and designers.\"--Dust jacket.

Mental health stigma causes a range of diverse and serious negative sequelae. Anti-stigma campaigns have largely aligned with medical theories and categorical approaches. Such campaigns have produced some improvements, but mental health stigma is still prevalent. The effect of alternative theoretical perspectives on mental health within anti-stigma campaigns has not been tested. Moreover, we do not know their effect on help-seeking intentions. We conducted an online experimental pre-post study comparing the effects of two anti-stigma campaign posters on mental health stigma and help-seeking intentions. One poster adhered to the medical, categorical approach to mental health, whereas the other poster portrayed mental health problems in line with a non-categorical, continuous perspective. After controlling for familiarity with the campaign poster, country of residence and pre-test scores, we found no significant between-group differences in terms of help-seeking intentions and all stigma attitudes except for danger-related beliefs. That is, those who viewed the non-categorical poster reported an increased perception that people with mental health problems are dangerous. Our largely null findings may suggest the equivalence of these posters on stigma and help-seeking intentions but may also reflect the brevity of the intervention. Our findings concerning danger beliefs may reflect a Type I error, the complexities of stigma models, or the adverse effects of increased perceived contact. Further research is needed to test the effects of differing mental health paradigms on stigma and help-seeking intentions over a longer duration.

Stigma has negative consequences for quality of life and HIV care outcomes. PositiveLinks is a mobile health intervention that includes a secure anonymous community message board (CMB). We investigated discussion of stigma and changes in stigma scores. Of 77 participants in our pilot, 63% were male, 49% Black, and 72% had incomes below the federal poverty level. Twenty-one percent of CMB posts (394/1834) contained stigma-related content including negative (experiencing stigma) and positive (overcoming stigma) posts addressing intrapersonal and interpersonal stigma. Higher baseline stigma was positively correlated with stress and negatively correlated with HIV care self-efficacy. 12-month data showed a trend toward more improved stigma scores for posters on the CMB versus non-posters (− 4.5 vs − 0.63) and for posters of stigma-related content versus other content (− 5.1 vs − 3.3). Preliminary evidence suggests that a supportive virtual community, accessed through a clinic-affiliated smartphone app, can help people living with HIV to address stigma.

Child abuse continues to pose a significant threat to children's health. The repercussions of abuse are profound, impacting the child's physical, social, and emotional well-being, with potential long-term effects that may extend into adulthood. To assist in identifying health concerns in children associated with exposure to physical abuse, a health questionnaire was developed to be used in the setting of a forensic examination. This study examines whether children suspected of being exposed to physical violence report more health-related concerns compared to unexposed controls. The case group consists of children suspected of being exposed to physical violence, with reports to the Copenhagen police. Cases were examined from April 1, 2020, to December 31, 2023, at the Child Advocacy Centre (CAC) in Copenhagen, totaling 374 examinations. A control group of children aged 4-14 years with no suspicion of abuse was established through recruitment via social media platforms (Facebook, LinkedIn), posters, and word of mouth. Controls were examined from November 1, 2023, to September 30, 2024, totaling 122 examinations. Children underwent a standardized forensic examination, which included a health interview reviewing health behaviors (e.g., diet, toothbrushing, and sleep patterns) and well-being (liking school/preschool, having friends, and trusted adults). Overall, cases reported significantly more concerns than controls on several assessed items. With multivariate logistic regression, adjusted for all significant covariates and stratified by age, two concerns remained significant. Cases aged 8-14 years, had significantly higher odds of brushing their teeth once daily or less (OR: 3.85; CI: 1.47-10.12) and reported low enjoyment of school (OR: 3.74; CI: 1.03-13.53). Health interviews may support the identification of children at risk. However, the statistical power was limited, and the findings require validation in larger populations.

Objective:In persons with severe psychiatric disorders, distinct neurocognitive profiles hold differential associations to positive, negative and disorganized symptom dimensions of psychosis. These patterns portend specific functional outcomes, treatment efficacy, and prognoses. Similar associations have not been established in multimorbid samples in which persons present with a complex array of psychiatric symptoms. The objective of this study was to (1) establish neurocognitive profiles in a multimorbid, marginalized sample and (2) investigate their pattern(s) of association with psychiatric symptom dimensions and psychosocial outcomes.Participants and Methods:Participants (n=370; Mage = 45 years; 74% male) were precariously housed, substance-using adults with multimorbidity, recruited from Single-Room Occupancy hotels and a community court within the Downtown Eastside of Vancouver, BC, Canada. Data were collected as part of a longitudinal examination consisting of annual, bi-annual, and monthly neurocognitive, psychosocial, and psychiatric assessments. Neurocognitive scores were combined into five cognitive domains (Attentional Control [AC]; Processing Speed [PS]; Fluid Reasoning [Problem Solving and Reversal Learning; Gf]; Encoding and Retrieval [ER]; and Decision Making [DM]) and submitted to a latent profile analysis. The resulting profiles capturing neurocognition were validated on sociodemographic and clinical variables. Finally, the profiles were compared across previously validated, population-distinct factors derived from the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), as well as on measures of psychosocial functioning.Results:An optimal goodness-of-fit was reached for a three-profile model (BLRT=127.86, p=.01). Profile 1 (n=207, 55.9%) showed stronger neurocognition (all p<.05), with a within-profile strength in Gf (p<.001). With the exception of ER, Profile 2 (n=109, 29.5%) exhibited inferior neurocognition across all indicators compared to Profile 1 (all p <.05); yet showed a relative, within-profile strength in Gf (p < .01). Profile 3 (n=54, 14.6%) generally displayed comparable impairments to Profile 2. Additionally, their performance on Gf was remarkably low compared to Profiles 1 and 2 (p<.001). Psychiatrically, compared to Profile 1, Profile 2 exhibited more positive/disorganized symptoms and general psychopathology, as well as higher total PANSS (all p <.05), whereas Profile 3 showed the poorest insight/awareness (p<.01). Profiles 2 and 3 had lower levels of adaptive functioning and work productivity compared to Profile 1 (all p<.01).Conclusions:Three neurocognitive profiles were detected in a sample of precariously housed adults with multimorbidity: one profile of comparatively higher neurocognitive capacity, with less symptoms of psychosis and better psychosocial functioning; a second profile of comparatively poorer neurocognition and psychosocial functioning, with more symptoms of psychosis; and a third profile with a severe deficit in fluid reasoning and poor insight and awareness. Given their poor insight, the third profile may be comprised of particularly vulnerable persons at greater risk of unmet healthcare needs. Interventions to improve these individuals' understanding of their personal health risks might facilitate their capacity to access services. Conversely, individuals from Profile 2 may benefit from outreach programs focusing on medication access and adherence to address their symptoms of psychosis. In sum, our findings suggest that the confluence of neurocognition and psychiatric symptoms may implicate unique treatment approaches and outcomes in precariously-housed persons with multimorbid conditions.

Objective:Youth with conduct problems (CP) may be more likely to exhibit aggression in the context of peer relations. Indices of dorsolateral prefrontal cortical functioning (DPCF), such as inhibitory control and planning, may be implicated in the behavioral presentation of CP. Further, youth living in violent communities may be more likely to use aggression as a means for problem-solving. However, little is known about how CP interact with DPCF indices to predict aggressive behaviors specifically in the context of environments with high levels of community violence. As such, the present study sought to use a multi-informant approach to examine relations between CP, DCPF, and different types of aggression among youth living in neighborhoods affected by community violence.Participants and Methods:Participants were 104 children (M=9.93±1.22 years; 50% male; 96% African American, 4% Latinx) who resided in neighborhoods with elevated rates of poverty and crime. DPCF was indexed by Stockings of Cambridge planning task and caregiver-reported inhibitory control from the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function. Teachers completed the Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory-4R to assess youth conduct disorder (CD) symptoms and the Teacher Checklist to assess proactive (bullying, planful aggression) and reactive (angry, emotionally labile aggression) aggression.Results:Multiple regression analyses were conducted with aggressive behaviors as the dependent variable, and child sex, age, CD symptoms, and the CD × DPCF (i.e., CD × inhibitory control; CD × planning) interaction terms as predictors. Inhibitory control moderated the relation between CD symptoms and reactive (CD × inhibitory control, B = -1.39, p = .004) but not proactive (CD × inhibitory control, B = -.64, p = .063) aggression. Post-hoc probing of the CD symptoms × inhibitory control interaction term predicting reactive aggression revealed a significant slope for youth with both high (B = 1.65, p < .001) and low (B = 4.48, p < .001) levels of inhibitory control. Planning does not significantly moderate the relation between CD symptoms and proactive or reactive aggression, though there is a positive main effect of teacher reported CD symptoms on both proactive (B = 2.44, p < .001) and reactive (B = 2.36, p < .001) aggression.Conclusions:This study is the first to consider the relations of CP, DPCF processes, and subtypes of aggression among youth living in environments with high rates of community violence. Among youth with CP, high levels of inhibitory control may be associated with lower rates of reactive aggression in the context of peer relations. As such, problem-solving interventions targeting processes related to DPCF, such as inhibitory control, may be useful among youth living in neighborhoods high in community violence who exhibit CP. Strengthening these cognitive processes may result in better behavioral outcomes and peer relations.

Objective:This study aimed to determine how modifiable risk factors, such as physical exercise and social support, and non-modifiable risk factors, such as genetic risk may affect cognitive function over time in older adults. As well, the study explored how changes in modifiable risk factors (i.e., increase in exercise) may affect cognitive function over time. This research question was shaped with the help of a patient partner team.Participants and Methods:The study used UK Biobank data, and patient partners were involved in shaping research questions/goals. The UK Biobank study had participants complete comprehensive baseline assessments (2006-2010), with subgroups also completing repeat assessments (2012-2013), imaging assessments (2014-ongoing) and/or repeat imaging assessments (2019-ongoing; i.e., 2-4 data points per participant). Age, sex, education, ethnicity, and apolipoprotein E (APOE) e4 status (at least one e4 allele present) data were collected at baseline. Employment, physical activity, social support, and recent depressive symptom data were collected across timepoints. A Fluid intelligence score was obtained at each timepoint via a series of thirteen 1-pt. reasoning tasks (range: 0-13). Participants who did not complete cognitive testing at baseline and at least one other time point, and those with neurological conditions or events (e.g., stroke, epilepsy, dementia) were excluded (final N=17,409).Multi-Level Modeling (with Maximum Likelihood) was utilized, with fluid intelligence as the primary outcome measure. We ran Model 1: fully unconditioned, Model 2: with time predictor in years (baseline= 0), and Model 3: with baseline physical activity, social support and APOE e-4 predictors and covariates (mean-centered as appropriate), time-varying physical activity and social support predictors, and interaction terms. Nonsignificant interaction terms were trimmed from Model 3 to facilitate interpretation.Results:Model 1 was significant (p<.001) with an intraclass correlation (ICC) of 0.64, suggesting that 64% of the total variance in fluid intelligence in this sample is due to interindividual differences. Model 2 revealed that the average fluid intelligence score at baseline mean age (55.85) was 6.79 and significantly decreased with each year increase since baseline. Results from Model 3 (trimmed) revealed that being male, white, and having at least a university degree were associated with higher score at baseline, while being older and having more recent depressive symptoms were associated with lower scores. Higher social support quality was associated with higher scores while higher social support quantity was associated with lower scores at baseline; however, higher social support quantity at baseline was associated with less decline in scores over time. Surprisingly, having at least one e4 allele was associated with higher scores. Engaging in more moderate physical activity was associated with lower scores at baseline, however, individuals who increased the length of their moderate physical activity sessions over time showed higher timepoint-specific fluid intelligence scores. Additional significant interactions will be elaborated.Conclusions:Results suggest that increases in the length of moderate physical activity exercise sessions were associated with better cognitive function over time. Having better social support quality was also associated with better cognitive function, while higher social support quantity was associated with less cognitive decline over time. These findings suggest that positive lifestyle changes in older adulthood may slow cognitive decline.

IntroductionBackground :The profile of “frequent visitors” at the psychiatric emergencies (PE) has not been sufficiently investigated in Greece.ObjectivesIn this study we aimed to investigate the prevalence and relevant parameters of frequent PE visits in a Greek University Psychiatric Hospital for the year 2017.MethodsIn a retrospective study, we analyzed data of patients who presented in the PE of Eginition University Hospital in Athens during 2017. Frequent visitors were grouped under this category if they had at least five visits per year. Clinical and sociodemographic data of the patients were further related to number of visits.Results84 patients were characterized as frequent visitors carrying out 9.8% of the total number of visits. 50% were women and 70% of them were living with family members. Anxiety, depressive and psychotic symptoms were the most frequent major complaints at the time of their visit, whereas psychosocial problems were associated with increased number of visits. Moreover, in terms of the underlying diagnosis substance use disorders significantly related to more frequent visitsConclusionsPsychosocial problems and the diagnosis of substance use disorders significantly correlated to the number of visits at the PE of a university hospital setting in Greece for 2017.DisclosureNo significant relationships.