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"Social reintegration"
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Truly reconciled? A dyadic analysis of post-conflict social reintegration in Northern Uganda
In the aftermath of civil war or violent internal conflict, one of the key peacebuilding challenges is the reconciliation of former enemies who are members of the same small-scale societies. A failure of social reintegration may contribute to what is known as a conflict trap. To detect lingering hostile attitudes among a community’s various factions is crucial, but the approaches adopted in previous studies tend to focus on the impact of conflict on one or other aggregated indicator of social cohesion rather than on how violence-affected individuals regard and act towards their fellow community members. Here we demonstrate the value of concentrating on this latter dyadic component of social interactions and we use behavioural experiments and a social tie survey to assess, in an appropriately disaggregated manner, social cohesion in a post-conflict setting in northern Uganda. Whereas in self-reported surveys, ex-combatants appear to be well-connected, active members of their communities, the experiments unveil the continued reluctance of other community members to share or cooperate with them; fewer resources are committed to ex-combatants than to others, which is statistically significant. The dyadic nature of our analysis allows us to detect which groups are more prone to discriminate against ex-combatants, which may help facilitate targeted interventions.
Journal Article
Inquiry into faith-based social reintegration programs for recovering drug addicts in Nigeria
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to subject faith-based organizations (FBOs)-operated social reintegration programs for recovering drug addicts to scrutiny to understand their effectiveness in addressing the three-pillar social needs.
Design/methodology/approach
Using concurrent mixed methods research design, a sample size of 156 respondents, 15 in-depth interviewees and 12 key informants was selected purposely from three FBOs and three National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA) State Command Areas in Nigeria. Data were collected using questionnaire survey, interviews, observation and document review, and then analyzed using descriptive and content analyses.
Findings
Findings showed nine different noncore social reintegration programs for recovering drug-addicts with different required rates of participation and diverse purposes. Also, the results showed that the three-pillar social needs of recovering drug addicts for successful reintegration into the society were not provided for by the FBOs. Finally, findings showed that majority of the respondents were only slightly satisfied with the overall services rendered at the selected FBOs, and these services were not properly monitored by relevant government agency.
Social implications
Appropriate regulations that will check and balance the activities of treatment providers involved in social reintegration is recommended to achieve optimal level of physical, psychological and social health for recovering drug addicts.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge ,this is a pioneer study that investigated faith-based social reintegration programs for recovering drug addicts in Nigeria.
Journal Article
Tribe : on homecoming and belonging
Decades before the American Revolution, Benjamin Franklin lamented that English settlers were constantly fleeing over to the Indians -- but Indians almost never did the same. Tribal society has been exerting an almost gravitational pull on Westerners for hundreds of years, and the reason lies deep in our evolutionary past as a communal species. The most recent example of that attraction is combat veterans who come home to find themselves missing the incredibly intimate bonds of platoon life. The loss of closeness that comes at the end of deployment may help explain the high rates of post-traumatic stress disorder suffered by military veterans today. Combining history, psychology, and anthropology, TRIBE explores what we can learn from tribal societies about loyalty, belonging, and the eternal human quest for meaning. It explains the irony that -- for many veterans as well as civilians -- war feels better than peace, adversity can turn out to be a blessing, and disasters are sometimes remembered more fondly than weddings or tropical vacations. TRIBE explains why we are stronger when we come together, and how that can be achieved even in today's divided world.
Book
Veteran friendships across lifetimes
This book focuses on how military friendships translate from the battlefield into civilian life and how they assist soldiers in gaining peace with the past, happiness in the present, and hope for the future. Ward uses shared stories of comradeship both on and off the battlefield to demonstrate the pivotal role of friendship throughout a lifetime.
eBook
War veterans in postwar situations : Chechnya, Serbia, Turkey, Peru, and Cote d'Ivoire
\"This edited volume deals with the reintegration and trajectories of intrastate or interstate war veterans. It raises the question of the effects of the war experience on ex-combatants with regards, in particular, to the perpetuation of a certain level of violence as well as the maintaining of structures, networks, and war methods after the war. The book considers various modalities of reintegration and analyzes how they are linked to resources, statuses, and sociabilities that were all built during the war. The various chapters of the book also analyze the role of policies that were made for war veterans, the way society welcomed them back, and the social and economic context. \"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Social reintegration programs for former inmates in Brazil: is there a gender perspective?
Abstract With the increasing number of women deprived of liberty worldwide, implementing specific strategies that should be applied to the support offered to these women are essential social measures. This study aims to analyze the supply of resources for the social reintegration of former inmates of the Brazilian prison system from a gender perspective. We propose to conduct a documentary analysis on governmental and non-governmental strategies aimed at this audience, with a gender perspective, through an analytical matrix for the 2020-2021 period. The results show several programs in the country aimed at the social reintegration of former prisoners; however, few have a gender perspective. The theme of social reintegration and the prison system was identified in 84 news items on government agencies’ websites, 20 of which were federal and 64 state, in 11 international organizations operating in Brazil, and 12 NGOs. Only six had a gender profile. The challenge for the Brazilian penitentiary system is to introduce the citizenship and human dignity approach in the prison system, including an approach to the gender issue. Resumo Com o aumento do número de mulheres privadas de liberdade em todo o mundo, a importância da implantação de estratégias específicas que devem ser aplicadas ao suporte oferecido a essas mulheres são importantes medidas sociais. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a oferta dos recursos para a reinserção social de egressos do sistema prisional brasileiro, com o recorte de gênero. A proposta é realizar uma análise documental sobre estratégias governamentais e não governamentais direcionadas para este público, com recorte de gênero, por meio de uma matriz analítica pelo período compreendido entre 2020 e 2021. Os resultados mostram que há no país diversos programas voltados à reinserção social de egressos do sistema prisional, entretanto poucos apresentam um recorte de gênero. O tema reinserção social e sistema prisional foi identificado em 84 notícias em sítios dos organismos governamentais visitados, sendo 20 federais e 64 estaduais. Em 11 organismos internacionais atuando no Brasil e em 12 ONGs, somente seis apresentaram recorte de gênero. O desafio do sistema penitenciário brasileiro é incluir a abordagem de cidadania e dignidade humana no sistema prisional, incluindo uma abordagem da questão de gênero.
Journal Article
Childhood deployed : remaking child soldiers in Sierra Leone
\"Childhood Deployed examines the reintegration of former child soldiers in Sierra Leone. Based on eighteen months of participant-observer ethnographic fieldwork and ten years of follow-up research, the book argues that there is a fundamental disconnect between the Western idea of the child soldier and the individual lived experiences of the child soldiers of Sierra Leone. Susan Shepler contends that the reintegration of former child soldiers is a political process having to do with changing notions of childhood as one of the central structures of society.For most Westerners the tragedy of the idea of \"child soldier\" centers around perceptions of lost and violated innocence. In contrast, Shepler finds that for most Sierra Leoneans, the problem is not lost innocence but the horror of being separated from one's family and the resulting generational break in youth education. Further, Shepler argues that Sierra Leonean former child soldiers find themselves forced to strategically perform (or refuse to perform) as the\"child soldier\" Western human rights initiatives expect in order to most effectively gain access to the resources available for their social reintegration. The strategies don't always work--in some cases, Shepler finds, Western human rights initiatives do more harm than good.While this volume focuses on the well-known case of child soldiers in Sierra Leone, it speaks to the larger concerns of childhood studies with a detailed ethnography of people struggling over the situated meaning of the categories of childhood.It offers an example of the cultural politics of childhood in action, in which the very definition of childhood is at stake and an important site of political contestation\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The effect of a social reintegration (parole) program on drug-related prison inmates in Japan: a 4-year prospective study
Social reintegration has been known to protect against recidivism, but its effects against drug-use relapse have previously remained unclear. To address this gap, the present study sampled 196 inmates imprisoned for drug-related offenses in Japan. We examined the protective effects of a social reintegration (parole) program against recidivism and drug-use relapse using a 4-year prospective design. During the 4-year follow up, 79 (40.3 %) of the participants reoffended and 61 (31.1 %) relapsed into drug use. The results suggest that the parole program was significantly associated with a decreased risk of recidivism, even if participants’ age, sentence length, number of prison terms, educational levels, and gang membership were controlled for. However, the effects of the parole program on drug relapse disappeared when the above variables were controlled for. To decrease the risk of relapse, drug-related inmates may need both prosocial communities and rehabilitative environments. The Japanese criminal justice system needs to introduce drug treatment courts for drug users.
Journal Article