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Sexual Hierarchies, Public Status
By focusing on how hierarchies were created both within sexual relationships and in the public eye, this investigation traces the significance of homosexual desire in the context of daily social relations informed by status, ethnic, religious, and national differences.
eBook
Butterflies will burn : prosecuting sodomites in early modern Spain and Mexico
Drawing on previously unpublished records of some three hundred sodomy trials conducted in Spain and Mexico between 1561 and 1699, Garza Carvajal examines the sodomy discourses that emerged in Andalucía, seat of Spain's colonial apparatus, and in the viceroyalty of New Spain (Mexico), its first and largest American colony.
eBook
Before Lawrence v. Texas
In 2003 the US Supreme Court overturned anti-sodomy laws across the country, ruling in Lawrence v. Texas that the Constitution protects private consensual sex between adults. To some, the decision seemed to come like lightning from above, altering the landscape of America’s sexual politics all at once. In actuality, many years of work and organizing led up to the legal case, and the landmark ruling might never have happened were it not for the passionate struggle of Texans who rejected their state’s discriminatory laws.Before Lawrence v. Texas tells the story of the long, troubled, and ultimately hopeful road to constitutional change. Wesley G. Phelps describes the achievements, setbacks, and unlikely alliances along the way. Over the course of decades, and at great risk to themselves, gay and lesbian Texans and their supporters launched political campaigns and legal challenges, laying the groundwork for Lawrence. Phelps shares the personal experiences of the people and couples who contributed to the legal strategy that ultimately overturned the state’s discriminatory law. Even when their individual court cases were unsuccessful, justice seekers and activists collectively influenced public opinion by insisting that their voices be heard. Nine Supreme Court justices ruled, but it was grassroots politics that vindicated the ideal of equality under the law.
eBook
Nothing Natural Is Shameful
In his Problemata, Aristotle provided medieval thinkers with the occasion to inquire into the natural causes of the sexual desires of men to act upon or be acted upon by other men, thus bringing human sexuality into the purview of natural philosophers, whose aim it was to explain the causes of objects and events in nature. With this philosophical justification, some late medieval intellectuals asked whether such dispositions might arise from anatomy or from the psychological processes of habit formation. As the fourteenth-century philosopher Walter Burley observed, \"Nothing natural is shameful.\" The authors, scribes, and readers willing to \"contemplate base things\" never argued that they were not vile, but most did share the conviction that they could be explained.From the evidence that has survived in manuscripts of and related to the Problemata, two narratives emerge: a chronicle of the earnest attempts of medieval medical theorists and natural philosophers to understand the cause of homosexual desires and pleasures in terms of natural processes, and an ongoing debate as to whether the sciences were equipped or permitted to deal with such subjects at all. Mining hundreds of texts and deciphering commentaries, indices, abbreviations, and marginalia, Joan Cadden shows how European scholars deployed a standard set of philosophical tools and a variety of rhetorical strategies to produce scientific approaches to sodomy.
eBook
La sodomía es la voluntad de Dios. El proceso de fe del colegio de la Compañía en Huesca
In 1649, the Tribunal of the Inquisition of Zaragoza initiated a faith process against several religious men from the college of the Society of Jesus in Huesca, following a denunciation letter of a Jesuit that, two years prior, had resided in said school and witnessed a series of acts that he considered pertained to the Inquisition. Father Juan Antonio Diago, during confession, was teaching and practicing that sodomy was “licit and even virtuous” to avoid concupiscence, and several brothers accepted it as true doctrine. This process allows us to see how the college and the Jesuit Order worked, as well as how religiosity and sexuality were understood in the 17th century. En 1649, el tribunal de la Inquisición de Zaragoza inicia un proceso de fe contra varios religiosos del colegio de la Compañía de Jesús en Huesca a raíz de una delación misiva de un jesuita que, dos años atrás, residió en dicho colegio y fue testigo de una serie de actos que considera tocantes al Santo Oficio. El padre Juan Antonio Diago, durante la confesión, enseñaba y practicaba que la sodomía era “lícita y aun virtuosa” para evitar la concupiscencia, y varios hermanos lo asumieron como doctrina verdadera. Este proceso nos permite ver cómo funcionaba el colegio y la Compañía a la vez que cómo se entendía (y entendían) la religiosidad y sexualidad en el siglo XVII.
Journal Article
Butterflies Will Burn
As Spain consolidated its Empire in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, discourses about the perfect Spanish man or \"Vir\" went hand-in-hand with discourses about another kind of man, one who engaged in the \"abominable crime and sin against nature\"—sodomy. In both Spain and Mexico, sodomy came to rank second only to heresy as a cause for prosecution, and hundreds of sodomites were tortured, garroted, or burned alive for violating Spanish ideals of manliness. Yet in reality, as Federico Garza Carvajal argues in this groundbreaking book, the prosecution of sodomites had little to do with issues of gender and was much more a concomitant of empire building and the need to justify political and economic domination of subject peoples. Drawing on previously unpublished records of some three hundred sodomy trials conducted in Spain and Mexico between 1561 and 1699, Garza Carvajal examines the sodomy discourses that emerged in Andalucía, seat of Spain's colonial apparatus, and in the viceroyalty of New Spain (Mexico), its first and largest American colony. From these discourses, he convincingly demonstrates that the concept of sodomy (more than the actual practice) was crucial to the Iberian colonizing program. Because sodomy opposed the ideal of \"Vir\" and the Spanish nationhood with which it was intimately associated, the prosecution of sodomy justified Spain's domination of foreigners (many of whom were represented as sodomites) in the peninsula and of \"Indios\" in Mexico, a totally subject people depicted as effeminate and prone to sodomitical acts, cannibalism, and inebriation.
eBook
Pederasts and Others
Examine how a community of support in Nineteenth-Century Paris became a blueprint for modern sexual identity!
A unique social history, Pederasts and Others: Urban Culture and Sexual Identity in Nineteenth-Century Paris is a valuable addition to the growing field of gay and lesbian studies. The book examines the interaction between the city's male homosexual subculture and Parisian authority figures who attempted to maintain political and social order during the early years of the French Third Republic by using laws against public indecency and sexual assault to treat same-sex sexuality as a crime. Faced with a constant cycle of surveillance, harassment, and arrest, the city's gay men survived the hostile urban environment by forming a community of support that had a widespread and lasting influence on the development of modern sexual identities.
Pederasts and Others: Urban Culture and Sexual Identity in Nineteenth-Century Paris is based on a statistical analysis of more than 800 working-class and middle-class men who were arrested or investigated by Parisian police between 1873 and 1879. Their stories, presented through long and short case studies, represent nearly 2,000 names recorded by police in 'Pederasts and Others,' a ledger detailing the arrests of male homosexuals for public offenses against decency and other minor offenses. (The term 'pederast' identified those suspected of same-sex sexual activity, not the modern definition that indicates homosexual relations with a minor.) The ledger entries reveal specific habits, attitudes, values, and characteristics about these men that set them apart-the same traits that identified them as part of a community based on their behavior and relationships.
Pederasts and Others: Urban Culture and Sexual Identity in Nineteenth-Century Paris examines:
the forces of authority
the laws regarding same-sex sexual behavior
the role of the police
the rol
eBook
Development of psychosis following sexual abuse:rape of an adolescent: A case study
IntroductionSeveral studies have mentioned the link between psychotrauma and psychosis. A direct causal link remains to be discussed.ObjectivesEvaluate the link between sexual abuse and psychosis.MethodsWe report the case of a male patient who developed schizophrenia following sodomy rape. We performed a literature review based on a PubMed search with the following keywords: “rape sodomy psychosis”.ResultsMr. M., 26 years old, with a personal psychiatric history of chronic psychosis evolving for 10 years, consulted us for follow-up of his schizophrenia. When he was 16, the patient was raped by sodomy by a 40-year-old man under stabbing threat. After this incident, the patient did not verbalize this trauma, he isolated himself, became irritable and aggressive and has had olfactory hallucinations. The symptomatology worsened until the age of 24 when the patient presented a delusional syndrome with a theme of persecution, mysticism, bewitchment by a mechanism of interpretation and visual hallucinations. Then,he was hospitalized in psychiatry for psychomotor instability, verbal hetero-aggression. He had been diagnosed with schizophrenia evolving over 9 years. Treatment with an antipsychotic: risperidone and valproic acid was started. The evolution was quickly favorable but the patient currently presents blunted affect, a sexual disinterest and a strong desire for revenge from his rapist. Treatment adjustment and psychotherapy would be considered.ConclusionsThe onset of subsequent rape psychosis and the persistence of symptoms related to the trauma are arguments in favor of a direct causal link between sexual abuse and schizophrenia.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Journal Article
Gay Rights in the States: Public Opinion and Policy Responsiveness
We study the effects of policy-specific public opinion on state adoption of policies affecting gays and lesbians, and the factors that condition this relationship. Using national surveys and advances in opinion estimation, we create new estimates of state-level support for eight policies, including civil unions and nondiscrimination laws. We differentiate between responsiveness to opinion and congruence with opinion majorities. We find a high degree of responsiveness, controlling for interest group pressure and the ideology of voters and elected officials. Policy salience strongly increases the influence of policy-specific opinion (directly and relative to general voter ideology). There is, however, a surprising amount of noncongruence—for some policies, even clear supermajority support seems insufficient for adoption. When noncongruent, policy tends to be more conservative than desired by voters; that is, there is little progay policy bias. We find little to no evidence that state political institutions affect policy responsiveness or congruence.
Journal Article