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To promote sustainable development, the Chinese government launched a new municipal solid waste (MSW) classification strategy in 2017. Shanghai was selected as one of the first pilot cities for MSW classification. The Shanghai municipal government first established the new MSW classification policy in 2017. The Shanghai Municipal Solid Waste Management Regulation was published in 2019 and came into effect on 1 July 2019. This short communication reports on Shanghai’s new MSW classification policy and its implementation. The main content and measures adopted by Shanghai’s government to ensure the effective implementation of the new MSW classification policy are introduced. Besides, a SWOT (i.e., strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis on the present policy and measures is conducted, and based on the results, some discussions and suggestions regarding the implementation of MSW classification in Shanghai and the whole of China are presented.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study how the government stimulates incineration plants to participate in waste classification management, and how to adjust the subsidy strategy for them.Design/methodology/approachConsidering that the classification behavior of residents will produce herd effect, and waste classification can reduce the disposal cost of incineration plants, the authors constructed a differential game model between the government and waste incineration plants, and analyzed the input strategy of the government and incineration plants when they cooperate in the management of municipal waste classification.FindingsIncreasing the input level of supervision or raising subsidy price, the government can promote incineration plants to increase the input level of incentive. Moreover, from a long-term perspective, increasing the input level of supervision is more effective. Compared with government supervision, the method of incineration plants incentive can more effectively increase the amount of waste disposal. Furthermore, the government supervision and the incineration plants incentive have a positive interaction effect on improving the amount of waste disposal. Increasing the input level of incineration plants incentive or the level of waste-to-energy technology can increase the amount of waste disposal, and from a long-term perspective, increasing the level of R&D investment is more beneficial to increasing the amount of waste disposal.Originality/valueThe results are helpful to improve the investment in the management of waste classification, and also provide a certain theoretical basis for the government's subsidy policy for incineration plants, so as to reduce the financial pressure of the government.

This paper proposes a framework for AI-driven municipal solid waste classification service design and management, with an emphasis on advancing sustainable urban development. This study uses narrative research and case study methods to delve into the benefits of AI technology in waste classification systems. The framework includes intelligent recognition, management strategies, AI-based waste classification technologies, service reforms, and AI-powered customer involvement and education. Our research indicates that AI technology can improve accuracy, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness in waste classification, contributing to environmental sustainability and public health. However, the effectiveness of AI applications in diverse city contexts requires further verification. The framework holds theoretical and practical significance, offering insights for future service designs of waste management and promoting broader goals of sustainable urban development.

This paper deals with the solid waste image detection and classification to detect and classify the solid waste bin level. To do so, Hough transform techniques is used for feature extraction to identify the line detection based on image’s gradient field. The feedforward neural network (FFNN) model is used to classify the level content of solid waste based on learning concept. Numbers of training have been performed using FFNN to learn and match the targets of the testing images to compute the sum squared error with the performance goal met. The images for each class are used as input samples for classification. Result from the neural network and the rules decision are used to build the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) graph. Decision graph shows the performance of the system waste system based on area under curve (AUC), WS-class reached 0.9875 for excellent result and WS-grade reached 0.8293 for good result. The system has been successfully designated with the motivation of solid waste bin monitoring system that can applied to a wide variety of local municipal authorities system.

Thermogravimetric analyzer was applied to analyze 22 solid materials and their mixtures at a heating rate of 10 K min−1 under nitrogen atmosphere. A grey-relation-based method for thermogravimetric (TG) data analysis was proposed, which introduced a mass loss vector (MLV) as numeric form of TG curves and calculated grey relations between MLVs of different materials as criterion. The method was applied to TG data, exemplifying its applications in classification of some solid wastes, simulation of biomass based on three compositions and interaction analysis of two materials. The results indicated that paper category could be represented by cellulose below 673 K while textile category could be represented by cellulose and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). 12 kinds of biomass could be simulated with all relation values larger than 0.92 between experimental and calculated data. Influences of interaction between PVC, paper and poplar wood were quantitatively analyzed, which showed less influence between paper and poplar than PVC and poplar.

This study was conducted to classify and evaluate the impact of solid waste generated in the beaches of Riohacha. The beaches sampled covered the length from Valle de los Cangrejos beach to Marbella’s Neigborhood beach. Samples were taken in five places, were marked transcets perpendicular to the coastline; then on these places there were selected parallel quadrants for solid waste collection. In addition, a survey was also applied to users and sellers of the beaches to determine the perception of odours and quantify its burden on tourism. The data about solid waste was analyzed using Kruskal-wallis test in SPSS 12.0 software. The level of significance used was 97.5% and the impact was estimated using Leopold method (1971). The inventory of the solid waste showed that most of the materials were organic matter, plastics, glass and miscellaneous. However, organic solid waste had higher percentages than the other materials. Incidentally, most of the material collected in each sampling station was found on the Active Zone (AZ) and the Passive Zone (PZ); areas where there are the highest concentrations of beach users. The odours with higher incidence came from garbage, urine and faeces, both from human and animals. The quantity and type of waste were found to be conditioned by the characteristics of the area as well as the economical activities of people around. There were not found significant differences in the amount of solid waste collected during the first and second sampling. The study showed that most of the material collected came from the waste disposal by residents and visitors, fishing and stool.

A sampling and characterisation plan for residential solid waste (SW) produced in the city of Cali in Colombia was developed between January and September 2006; this required designing an undisclosed strategy in the country and the results showed the need for an adjustment to the current SW Colombian classification scheme. The available sampling frame made a two-stage sampling plan necessary, block side (BS) being the first stage and household BS the second. A 0.39 kg/(person-day) solid waste per-capita production (PCP) was found, which increased with socioeconomic status. Food waste was produced most, a large part consisting of cooked food. Waste from personal hygiene items was a third category, although this is not currently a category which is included in Colombian Technical Standard –RAS 2000. Although characterisation techniques are used worldwide, the results showed the relevance of available sampling frame-based local characterisation, using local data for sampling methods and associated sample size selection.

Entre enero y septiembre de 2006 se desarrolló un programa de muestreo y caracterización de los residuos sólidos (RS) residenciales en Santiago de Cali que requirió del diseño de una estrategia aún no reportada para el país y cuyos resultados evidencian la necesidad de ajustar el esquema de clasificación de los RS propuesto a nivel nacional. El marco muestral disponible hizo necesaria la ejecución de un muestreo bietápico por conglomerados, siendo la primera etapa el lado de manzana (LDM) y la segunda la vivienda. La producción per cápita de residuos -PPC- estimada fue de 0,39 kg/hab.día, aumentando con el estrato socioeconómico. Los residuos de comida constituyeron la categoría de mayor generación, con significativas cantidades de alimentos preparados. Los residuos provenientes de la higiene personal, aunque no aparecen en la clasificación de la Norma Técnica Nacional (RAS, 2000), fueron la tercera categoría por las cantidades generadas. Aunque las técnicas de caracterización tienen cierto grado de universalidad, los resultados muestran la pertinencia de la caracterización local, basada en los marcos muestrales disponibles, utilizando información propia para la escogencia de los métodos de muestreo y los tamaños de muestra asociados.

En la presente investigación se realizó una clasificación y valoración de impacto de los residuos sólidos generados en las playas de Riohacha, desde Valle de los Cangrejos hasta el Barrio Marbella. Se seleccionaron cinco estaciones de muestreo; en cada una se ubicaron transectos perpendiculares a la línea de costa; sobre estos se trazaron cuadrantes paralelos para la recolección de residuos sólidos. Además, se aplicaron encuestas a los usuarios y vendedores de las playas para determinar la percepción de olores ofensivos y se cuantificó la carga turística. Los datos de residuos se analizaron con el software estadístico SPSS 12,0 a través de la prueba Kruskal-wallis con el 97,5% de significancia y se valoró el impacto con el Método de Leopold (1971). En el inventario realizado los materiales que registraron mayor presencia fueron materia orgánica, plásticos, misceláneos y vidrios, siendo los residuos sólidos orgánicos los que obtuvieron mayor porcentaje. Las mayores concentraciones de usuarios se presentaron en la Zona Activa (ZA) y Zona Pasiva (ZP), coincidiendo con la cantidad de residuos recolectados en cada estación de muestreo. Los olores ofensivos de mayor incidencia fueron basura, orina, excrementos humano y animal. La cantidad y el tipo de material están condicionados por las características del área y la influencia de actividades socioeconómicas. Las cantidades de residuos sólidos en las estaciones durante el 1º y 2º muestreo no presentaron diferencias significativas, siendo las principales causas de generación la disposición de desechos por residentes y visitantes, la pesca y la deposición de excrementos en la playa.

Municipal solid waste (MSW) management has emerged as probably the most pressing issue many governments nowadays are facing. Traditionally, Waste-to-Energy(WtE) is mostly associated with incineration, but now, with the emergence of the bioeconomy, it embraces a broader definition comprising any processing technique that can generate electricity/heat or produce a waste-derived fuel. Under the ambit of the circular economy many nations are looking for, additional effort must be made to be sure of acquiring the most updated information and paving a sustainable path for managing MSW in such a frame. In this regard, we have undertaken a critical review of various technologies, with their updated progress, involved in the exploitation of MSW as a renewable resource, along with the critical advantages and limitations on energy and material cycling for sustainable MSW management. Incineration, the most widely used method, is nowadays difficult to further apply due to its dubious reputation and social opposition. Meanwhile, to address the organic fraction of MSW which currently is mostly unrecycled and causes disposal issues, the biological approach presents an attractive option. The new emphasis of bioeconomy leads us to understand how environmental biotechnologies should be better connected/integrated for more sustainable MSW management. This article is concluded with advances of future prospects, which can serve as a timely reminder to encourage competent authorities/researchers to work towards further improvement of the present MSW management system.