Explore the vast range of titles available.

Plant genotype selects the rhizosphere microbiome. The success of plant-microbe interactions is dependent on factors that directly or indirectly influence the plant rhizosphere microbial composition. We investigated the rhizosphere bacterial community composition of seven different sorghum cultivars in two different soil types (abandoned (CF) and agricultural (VD)). The rhizosphere bacterial community was evaluated at four different plant growth stages: emergence of the second (day 10) and third leaves (day 20), the transition between the vegetative and reproductive stages (day 35), and the emergence of the last visible leaf (day 50). At early stages (days 10 and 20), the sorghum rhizosphere bacterial community composition was mainly driven by soil type, whereas at late stages (days 35 and 50), the bacterial community composition was also affected by the sorghum genotype. Although this effect of sorghum genotype was small, different sorghum cultivars assembled significantly different bacterial community compositions. In CF soil, the striga-resistant cultivar had significantly higher relative abundances of Acidobacteria GP1, Burkholderia, Cupriavidus (Burkholderiaceae), Acidovorax and Albidiferax (Comamonadaceae) than the other six cultivars. This study is the first to simultaneously investigate the contributions of plant genotype, plant growth stage and soil type in shaping sorghum rhizosphere bacterial community composition.

Salinity, a significant abiotic stressor, adversely affects global plant growth. To address this, monitoring genetic diversity within a plant species germplasm for salt tolerance traits is vital. This study investigates the responses of ten sorghum genotypes to varying salt stress levels (control, 60 mM NaCl, and 120 mM NaCl), aiming to assess genetic diversity. Using a randomized complete block design with three replications and a split-plot arrangement, salt treatments were assigned to main plots, and genotypes were placed in sub-plots. Physiological attributes, including photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, CO 2 concentration, leaf area index, chlorophyll concentrations, and antioxidant enzyme activity, were measured during the 50% flowering stage. Fresh forage yield was evaluated at the early dough stage, while dry forage yield and sodium/potassium concentrations were determined post-drying. Salinity induced 10–23% and 21–47% reductions in forage fresh yield at 60 mM and 120 mM NaCl, respectively, across sorghum genotypes. Forage dry yield also declined by 11–33% at 60 mM NaCl and 30–58% at 120 mM NaCl. Increased oxidative stress markers, proline, soluble carbohydrates, and antioxidant enzyme activity accompanied salinity. Genotypes exhibited diverse responses, with Payam showing significant chlorophyll and yield reductions at 60 mM NaCl and notable stress indicators at 120 mM NaCl. Pegah and GS4 demonstrated robust osmoregulation. In stress tolerance indices, Sepideh excelled at 60 mM NaCl, while GS4 outperformed at 120 mM NaCl. Pegah demonstrated high tolerance at 120 mM NaCl. Our findings highlight the importance of combating oxidative stress, managing water-related stress, and maintaining ionic homeostasis for sorghum’s salt stress resilience. Key indicators like K/Na ratio, MDA, MSI, SOD, and proline effectively differentiate between tolerant and sensitive genotypes, offering valuable insights for sorghum breeding. Salt-tolerant sorghum genotypes exhibit stable photosynthesis, improved stomatal function, and membrane integrity through efficient osmotic regulation and robust antioxidant enzyme activity. This capability enables them to sustain performance, minimizing final product loss. The results suggest cultivating salt-tolerant sorghum in saline areas for increased sustainable production, with Pegah and GS4 emerging as promising candidates for further testing in salt-affected environments to obtain reliable yield data.

Sorghum is a nutrient-dense cereal which is gaining recognition as a functional food because of its high fiber content, antioxidants, and bioactive phenolic compounds. However, the presence of antinutritional factors (ANFs), such as tannins and phytic acid, can reduce its nutritional benefits by interfering with minerals such as iron and zinc which limits their bioavailability. This study underscores the impact of popping on the chemical composition, bioactive composition, and ANF content of three colored sorghum genotypes viz. Parbhani Moti (white), GP-1539 (Red), GP-2017-5 (Yellow). The popping method was optimized by varying soaking durations (1–3 min at 90°C) and conditioning times (6–8 hrs) while maintaining a constant temperature of 170°C. Post-popping analysis revealed a notable increase in dietary fiber content, while the total phenolic content (TPC) and total anthocyanin content (TAC) exhibited reductions from 289.20 mg/100 g to 28.92 mg/100 g and 53.30 mg/100 g to 21.32 mg/100 g, respectively. Furthermore, popping significantly reduced ANFs, with tannins decreasing from 0.30–0.34 mg/100 g to 0.08–0.13 mg/100 g and phytic acid levels dropping from 8.80 mg/100 g to 6.16 mg/100 g. These reductions improve the bioavailability of essential micronutrients, making popped sorghum a more nutritionally accessible and functional ingredient for its exploration into different Value-added food applications. Among the evaluated genotypes, Parbhani Moti exhibited the highest popping yield at 90.2%, followed by GP-2017-5 (83.3%) and GP-1539 (75.2%). The expansion ratio was also maximized in Parbhani Moti (5.6), in contrast to GP-2017-5 (4.7) and GP-1539 (4.2). The findings suggest that processing techniques such as popping can enhance the utility of sorghum in health-oriented formulations, particularly in snack foods, where its small, crisp texture offers advantages over traditional popped grains.

This study was designated to correlate protein, tannin and total phenolic content with textural features of sorghum grains from the individual color channels R, G, B, U, V, H, S, I, L, a, b, X, Y, Z. The highest correlation coefficient (R = 0.83) for protein content was observed for texture LATeta4 from channel L. The quantity of protein was not significantly correlated with any of the features from channels G, a, H and I. The highest negative correlations between textural features and tannin content were found for textures SS5SV1SumEntrp and SS5SH1SumEntrp (R = − 0.91) from channel S and the strongest positive correlation coefficients were obtained for bS5SN3AngScMom and bS5SZ1AngScMom (R = 0.86) from channel b. The tannin (%) in sorghum grains was not significantly correlated with any of the textural features from channels R, G, L, H, I, X and Y. The highest correlation for total phenolic compounds was observed from color channel S.; the highest positive one (R = 0.91) for textures SS5SZ5AngScMom, SS5SN5AngScMom, SS5SH5AngScMom and SS5SV5AngScMom and the highest negative for texture SS5SV1SumEntrp (R = − 0.95). Moreover, no statistically significant correlation between total phenolic compounds and textures from channels R, L, H, I, X and Y was determined. The quantity of protein, tannin and total phenolic compounds (%) was regressed on selected textures. The highest coefficients of determination for equations estimating protein, tannin and total phenolic compound were 0.68, 0.83 and 0.90, respectively. This study suggests image processing as an alternative approach to the laboratory methods for quantification of protein, tannin and total phenolic compounds of sorghum grain.

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor, (L.) Moench.), is one of the most important cereals in semi-arid and subtropical regions of Africa. However, in these regions, sorghum cultivation is often faced with several constraints. In Mali, terminal or post-flowering drought, caused by the early cessation of rains towards the end of the rainy season, is one of the most common constraints. Sorghum is generally adapted to harsh conditions. However, drought combined to heat reduce its yield and production in tropical and subtropical regions. To identify parents of sorghum hybrids tolerant to post-flowering drought for commercial hybrids development and deployment, a total of 200 genotypes, including male and female parents of the hybrids, were evaluated in 2022 by lysimeters under two water regimes, well-irrigated and water-stressed, at ICRISAT in Niger. Agronomic traits such as phenological stages, physiological traits including transpiration efficiency, and morphological traits such as green leaf number were recorded. Genotype × environment (G × E) interaction was significant for harvest index (HI), green leaf number (GLN), and transpiration efficiency (TE), indicating different responses of genotypes under varying water conditions. Transpiration efficiency (TE) was significantly and positively correlated with total biomass (BT), harvest index (HI), and grain weight (GW) under both stress conditions. Genotypes ICSV216094, ICSB293, ICSV1049, ICSV1460016, and ICSV216074 performed better under optimal and stress conditions. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) results led to the identification of three groups of genotypes. The Groups 1 and 3 are characterized by their yield stability and better performance under stress and optimal conditions. These two groups could be used by breeding programs to develop high yield and drought tolerant hybrids.

Kisra, a fermented sorghum flat bread, was prepared from two sorghum genotypes termed Wad-Ahmed (high tannin) and Tabat (low tannin) in Sudan that has been fermented with different starter levels [20, 50, 75 and 100 g of fermented baobab fruit pulp flour (FBFPF)/100 g flour]. Chemical composition, antinutritional factors, mineral extractability, ascorbic acid, in vitro protein (IVPD) and starch digestibilities (IVSD) of Kisra were determined. Preparation of Kisra with the sorghum genotypes fermented with higher levels of FBFPF enhanced the protein, fiber, fat, ash, and minerals contents and their extractability (P ≤ 0.05). Maximum amino acids contents were found in Kisra prepared from Tabat sorghum flour fermented with 100 g FBFPF/100 g flour. Ascorbic acid, IVPD and IVSD of Kisra from both genotypes increased with FBFPF levels, with a concomitant decrease in phytate and tannin contents (P ≤ 0.05). Sensory attributes of the Kisra were enhanced in Tabat and Wad-Ahmed sorghum genotypes prepared with 50 and 100 g FBFPF/100 g flour, respectively. Application of FBFPF is known to be an effective traditional starter, and it could improve the nutritional quality of Kisra bread.

Rhizosphere microbial community composition can be influenced by different biotic and abiotic factors. We investigated the composition and co-variation of rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities from two sorghum genotypes (BRS330 and SRN-39) in three different plant growth stages (emergence of the second leaf, (day10), vegetative to reproductive differentiation point (day 35), and at the last visible emerged leaf (day 50)) in two different soil types, Clue field (CF) and Vredepeel (VD). We observed that either bacterial or fungal community had its composition stronger influenced by soil followed by plant growth stage and cultivar. However, the influence of plant growth stage was higher on fungal community composition than on the bacterial community composition. Furthermore, we showed that sorghum rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities can affect each other’s composition and structure. The decrease in relative abundance of the fungus genus Gibberella over plant growth stages was followed by decrease of the bacterial families Oxalobacteracea and Sphingobacteriacea. Although cultivar effect was not the major responsible for bacterial and fungal community composition, cultivar SRN-39 showed to promote a stronger co-variance between bacterial and fungal communities.

The present work aims to determine the effect of land configurations and Pongamia pinnata mulch on soil moisture content and yield of yellow sorghum during kharif, 2018-19 on sandy clay loam soils of Hyderabad. The experiment was conducted at the College of Agriculture, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. The treatments included land configurations (Flatbed, Ridge and furrow, Broad bed and furrow, Flatbed + Mulch, Ridge and Furrow + Mulch, Broad bed and furrow + Mulch) and yellow sorghum genotypes (PYPS 101, PYPS 102, PYPS 103 and PYPS 104). Mulch used in this investigation was Pongamia leaf mulch applied @ 6 t ha-1 uniformly at 20 DAS. Soil moisture played a vital role in increasing crop yields in the rainfed regions of the semi-arid tropics. During most crop growth stages, the availability of soil water was increased by Broad bed and furrow + mulch, resulting in increased grain yield by 37 % (1701 kg ha-1) of yellow sorghum over flatbed. Ridge and furrow + mulch were found to be the next best treatment, with a grain yield of 1590 kg ha-1. Mulched treatments of flatbed, ridge and furrow and broad bed and furrow increased the grain yield by 20%, 28% and 37%, respectively, compared to flatbed without mulch. The present study will help in recognizing profitable moisture conservation practices and the role of Pongamia mulch in soil moisture conservation and yield maximization of yellow sorghum.

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is an economically valued food and cash crop in of Nigeria. In 2001 and 2002 cropping seasons, field experiments were conducted in a split-pot using randomized complete block design to determine the efficacy of Metalaxyl fungicide and it cost-benefit on incidence of sorghum diseases in Borno State at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Department of crop protection, University of Maiduguri. Six sorghum genotypes which include BES, ICSV 111, ICSV 400, Warwarbashi, Paul-Biya and Ex-Mali were used. The seeds were treated with 2.5g a.i/kg of Metalaxyi, plus control before sowing. Results showed that plants grown from the untreated seeds significantly had the highest mean anthracnose incidence of 33.6% and 33.9%, sooty stripe mean incidence of 42.1% and 38.6% in 2001 and 2002, and a higher covered smut mean incidence of 10.7% in 2002 respectively. Long smut incidence and grain yield were not significant among treated and untreated seeds in 2001 and 2002. Treated plants had an increased yield of 0.28% and 28.9% more than the untreated in 2001 and 2002 respectively. Treated Ex-Mali and untreated Paul-Biya, Ex-Mali recorded higher cost-benefit ratio and net profit in monetary valued. The physiological attributes of each sorghum genotypes can dictate their choice for local uses as well.