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"Sources of influence"
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What drives career choice in allied health professions in England? Insights from a national questionnaire
Background
In July 2025, the NHS (National Health Service) Plan was published signalling the need for strong workforce supply pipelines to support shifts towards care in the community and early access to diagnostics and treatment. Allied Health Professionals (AHPs) are vital to diagnostic pathways, in and out patient care, rehabilitation and home care as well as public health and prevention, thereby keeping people independent, and participating in society. Conducting a national analysis of AHP career choices can inform targeted recruitment strategies for the AHP workforce and individual professions to meet this need. The aim of this study was to understand the influence of sources driving career choices and the stage in which AHP students in England choose their profession to identify recommendations for stimulating demand for AHP careers.
Methods
An online questionnaire was disseminated to undergraduate and postgraduate students and apprentices on pre-registration AHP courses in England.
Results
A total of 1,318 participants completed the questionnaire with all professions represented. The majority of AHP students make their career choice after a first career (32.5%) or during college/sixth form (26.6%).
Conducting your own research
,
impact of a role model
and
university open days and information
were the most influential sources. Conversely, a
careers advisor
, or
print and television adverts
appeared as some of the least influential sources.
Conclusions
Qualified AHPs should continue to be utilised and better supported as role models in particular in acting as ambassadors when disseminating learning about their profession to patients, for schools and in outreach work to target career changers. The role of universities in acting as a source of influence is wide-ranging and includes engaging more with schools to promote the AHPs as part of the curriculum and engaging with current university students about an AHP career choice. Careers advisors should be supported to deliver effective career advice about the AHPs. These three stakeholders should be backed by the NHS, AHP professional bodies and healthcare organisations to act as key sources of influence.
Journal Article
Motivations, sources of influence and barriers to being a podiatrist: a national questionnaire of student views
Background
Podiatry is an allied health profession which has seen a substantial decline in numbers in recent years. Every effort is required to recruit more students to reverse this diminishing supply and meet national foot health needs. To increase the number of applications to podiatry courses and encourage individuals to choose podiatry careers, the aim of this study was to understand the key motivations, sources of influence and barriers to choosing a podiatry career among current podiatry students, and consider the influence of choosing podiatry before or after a first career.
Methods
An online questionnaire, comprising mainly Likert-scale questions, was disseminated to podiatry students in England between February and March 2021. Respondents to the questionnaire were categorised as individuals who had either decided to engage in the profession ‘before’ or ‘after’ a first career. Mann-Whitney U non-parametric difference tests were performed to compare outcome questions relating to motivations, sources of influence and barriers between groups.
Results
One hundred and fifteen students completed the questionnaire. Overall, the study demonstrated many similarities between the groups (before and after a first career). However, there were distinct differences when considering some of the motivations (i.e., intellectually stimulating, student bursaries), sources of influence (i.e., own patient experience) and barriers (i.e., financial, job availability) associated with engaging in the podiatry profession. Overall, altruistic reasons were the key motivations for choosing podiatry. Personal sources of influence such as conducting own research, was the most important source of influence. Similar to other studies, a lack of awareness of the podiatry profession and what it entails remains problematic.
Conclusions
This is the first national questionnaire investigating career choice decision-making for podiatry students in England or in any other country. The similarities suggest that marketing is applicable to both groups. However, an absolute must is a future national strategy that makes educational sources more impactful. Additionally, following the Covid-19 pandemic, the increased interest in health and care professions suggests now is the right time to market podiatry to individuals looking for a career change. Finally, the influence of personal encounters with podiatrists shows the transformational role podiatrists can have in recruiting to the profession.
Journal Article
Sexual knowledge, attitude, behaviors and sources of influences in Urban college youth: A study from India
Background: The study was undertaken as there is very less literature related to sources of influence for sexual knowledge and attitude toward sex and sexual behaviors of youth in India. Aim: The objectives of the study were to explore sexual knowledge, attitudes, behaviors and the sources of influence and also to examine the relationship between sexual knowledge, attitude and behaviors in the youth. Method: The sample was selected from colleges using purposive sampling method and from the community using snowball method (n = 300). The tools used were sociodemographic data sheet, Sexual Knowledge and Attitude Questionnaire (SKAQ-II) and Sexual Behavior and Sources of Influence (SBSI) scale. Results: Descriptive statistics and correlation was done to analyze the data. The youth had poor sexual knowledge; there was positive relationship between sexual knowledge and attitudes. Sexual behaviors through media and with self or others were found to be low. Internet was found to be the major source for gathering information and was considered the most reliable source. Conclusion: Indian college youth continue to have poor sexual knowledge. Internet is a major source of information and is considered as the most reliable one among youth. More knowledge about sex is associated with liberal attitude toward sex.
Journal Article
Enacting Advocacy-Oriented Visions of Bilingual Education: Lessons from Experienced Bilingual Educators
This article profiles the work of two experienced bilingual educators advocating in and for bilingual programs to illustrate the kinds of advocacy work that bilingual educators with advocacy-oriented visions of bilingual education engage in, the paths that their advocacy work take over time, and the factors that influence their advocacy efforts. Their stories offer insights for bilingual teachers who are seeking ways to effectively advocate for emergent bilingual learners and for teacher educators preparing bilingual teachers.
Journal Article
Rogues and Heroes: Finding Value in Dissent
This chapter contains sections titled:
Minorities as Sources of Influence
The Reaction: Dissenters are still ‘Rogues’ and ‘Obstacles’
The Shift to Cognition: Attitude Change
The Shift to Cognition: Quality of Performance and Decision Making
Application to Social Issues Part I: Juries and ‘Truth’
Application to Social Issues Part II: Innovation in Organisations
Acknowledgements
References
Book Chapter
Factors influencing near infrared spectroscopy analysis of agro-products: a review
The near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy technique has wide applications in agriculture with the advantages of being nondestructive, sensitive, safe and rapid. However, there are still more than 40 error sources influencing the robustness and accuracy of its calibration and operation. Environmental, sample and instrument factors that influence the analysis are discussed in this review, including temperature, humidity and other factors that introduce uncertainty. Error sources from livestock products, fruit and vegetables, which are the most common objects in the field of NIR analysis, are also emphasized in the second part. In addition, studies utilizing different instruments, spectral pretreatments, variable selection methods, wavelength ranges, detection modes and calibration methods are tabulated to illustrate the complications they introduce and how they influence NIR analysis. It is suggested that large scale of data with abundant varieties can be used to build a more robust calibration model, in order to improve the robustness and accuracy of the NIR analytical model, and overcome problems caused by confining analysis to too many uniform samples.
Journal Article
The Confederate and Neo-Confederate Reader
Most Americans hold basic misconceptions about the Confederacy, the Civil War, and the actions of subsequent neo-Confederates. For example, two thirds of Americans--including most history teachers--think the Confederate States seceded for \"states' rights.\" This error persists because most have never read the key documents about the Confederacy.
These documents have always been there. When South Carolina seceded, it published \"Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union.\" The document actually opposes states' rights. Its authors argue that Northern states were ignoring the rights of slave owners as identified by Congress and in the Constitution. Similarly, Mississippi's \"Declaration of the Immediate Causes …\" says, \"Our position is thoroughly identified with the institution of slavery--the greatest material interest of the world.\"
Later documents in this collection show how neo-Confederates obfuscated this truth, starting around 1890. The evidence also points to the centrality of race in neo-Confederate thought even today and to the continuing importance of neo-Confederate ideas in American political life. The 150th anniversary of secession and civil war provides a moment for all Americans to read these documents, properly set in context by award-winning sociologist and historian James W. Loewen and co-editor, Edward H. Sebesta, to put in perspective the mythology of the Old South.
eBook
Assessment of Metal Pollution Sources by SEM/EDS Analysis of Solid Particles in Snow: A Case Study of Žerjav, Slovenia
Solid particles in snow deposits, sampled in mining and Pb-processing area of Žerjav, Slovenia, have been investigated using scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). Identified particles were classified as geogenic–anthropogenic, anthropogenic, and secondary weathering products. Geogenic–anthropogenic particles were represented by scarce Zn- and Pb-bearing ore minerals, originating from mine waste deposit. The most important anthropogenic metal-bearing particles in snow were Pb-, Sb- and Sn-bearing oxides and sulphides. The morphology of these particles showed that they formed at temperatures above their melting points. They were most abundant in snow sampled closest to the Pb-processing plant and least abundant in snow taken farthest from the plant, thus indicating that Pb processing was their predominant source between the last snowfall and the time of sampling. SEM/EDS analysis showed that Sb and Sn contents in these anthropogenic phases were higher and more variable than in natural Pb-bearing ore minerals. The most important secondary weathering products were Pb- and Zn-containing Fe-oxy-hydroxides whose elemental composition and morphology indicated that they mostly resulted from oxidation of metal-bearing sulphides emitted from the Pb-processing plant. This study demonstrated the importance of single particle analysis using SEM/EDS for differentiation between various sources of metals in the environment.
Journal Article
Hidden Chief Technology Officers: the surfacing of a subterranean organizational role
Resumen Nuestra investigación se centra en el “CTO Oculto,” un ejecutivo que hace las veces de director de tecnología sin ostentar ese título oficialmente (CTO es director de tecnología, del inglés Chief Technology Officer). Este documento presenta un análisis de datos recopilados de varios ejecutivos, incluyendo sus actividades funcionales centrales, áreas de responsabilidad, y cómo su “poder gerencial” dentro y fuera de su organizaciones es determinado en parte por terceros. Este artículo es parte de un proyecto de investigación colaborativa íntitulado “Uso inteligente de la biomasa a lo largo del Danubio: formación de redes de I+D con socios alemanes, húngaros, eslovacos, y rumanos”. Nuestros resultados muestran como las prioridades de los CTO Ocultos no son homogéneas, sino que corresponden a las necesidades específicas de los respectivos negocios y sectores tecnológicos.
Journal Article