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Introduction Given the high prevalence of family violence (FV) amongst South Asian women, the experiences and expectations of addressing FV within healthcare, is of policy, practice and research interest. Whilst FV is shaped and influenced by various interconnected sociodemographic and cultural factors, it can be addressed in healthcare settings through identification and response. Objective To explore South Asian women's lived experiences and expectations about identifying and responding to FV within healthcare. Methods This review utilised a systematic methodology; nine databases were searched up to June 2024. A total of 8,217 records were screened by two reviewers independently based on a priori inclusion and exclusion criteria. A thematic analytical approach guided the integration of findings from 14 qualitative studies. Results Thematic synthesis of the articles generated three themes (1) I was afraid to share , (2) They just walk away , (3) Understand and listen to my pain . These themes represented the perspectives, feelings, and expectations of both local and migrant South Asian women survivor participants. Cultural factors and social obstacles may prevent South Asian women from seeking and using appropriate support services. Additional barriers may include healthcare providers’ reluctance to address FV with South Asian women because of a lack of cultural knowledge and/or appropriate methods to address FV. South Asian women participants reflected that they want healthcare providers to understand them, acknowledge their discomfort, and provide culturally appropriate strategies and solutions. Conclusion It is highly recommended that policymakers and health-care providers continue to be mindful of the social and cultural challenges faced by South Asian women who experience FV.

South Asians face stressors as a growing immigrant group in America. Work is needed to understand how these stressors impact mental health to identify those at risk of depression and design interventions. This study examined associations of three stressors (discrimination, low social support, limited English proficiency) with depressive symptoms in South Asians. Using cross-sectional data from the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America study (N = 887), we fit logistic regression models to evaluate independent/joint effects of three stressors on depression. Overall prevalence of depression was 14.8%; 69.2% of those with all three stressors had depression. The combined effect of high discrimination/low social support was significantly greater than the sum of the individual factors. Experiences of discrimination, low social support, or limited English proficiency, as well as a combination of these factors, should be considered when diagnosing/treating South Asian immigrants in a culturally appropriate manner.

Domestic violence (DV) against ethnic minority women is often an understudied social and psychological problem in the United Kingdom. The aim of this qualitative research is to fill a gap in the existing literature by identifying service providers’ perceptions about the barriers and facilitators for help-seeking behaviours among British South Asian women who have experienced DV. This study used 18 semi-structured interviews of service providers from third-party organisations. In addition, it used qualitative methods and applied thematic analysis within an ecological framework to analyse interviews with service providers. Five main themes were identified relating to barriers and facilitators for help-seeking behaviours among British South Asian women who have experienced DV. These include: stereotypical thinking and the misuse of religious beliefs; fear of negative consequences; emotional states that act as both barriers and facilitators; informal and formal help-seeking opportunities, as well as the challenges associated with each. These research findings can initiate positive social change by leading to development of culturally appropriate interventions which can bridge the gap between British South Asian women who experience DV. The findings of this study contribute to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 5: Gender Equality by identifying key barriers, facilitators, and culturally informed recommendations for help-seeking among British South Asian women experiencing domestic violence. These insights can inform the development of effective policy, practice, and research to address domestic violence as a major public health issue and challenge the intersecting racial, ethnic, and gender inequalities that exacerbate it.

IntroductionPeople living at home with dementia are often cared for by family members, especially those from minority ethnic groups. Many people living with dementia from minority ethnic communities face barriers to accessing formal care. However, there is a paucity of dementia research, which foregrounds diversity within minority ethnic populations. This study, conducted between July 2024 and August 2026, will explore the diverse care experiences of South Asian people living with dementia. Conducted across four sites (Newcastle, Nottingham, Birmingham and London), it aims to understand how inequalities related to ethnicity intersect with other factors (eg, gender, age and class) to shape the dementia care experiences of people living in South Asian communities and apply this learning to explore how public policy and care systems could be improved to reduce health and social inequalities.Methods and analysisIn Newcastle, ethnographic research will be undertaken with up to 20 people living with dementia (or with memory concerns) in South Asian communities for a period of 12 months. The lengthy research period will enable a deep understanding about how experiences change as dementia progresses over time. In Nottingham and Birmingham, semi-structured interviews and/or focus groups will be conducted with up to 30 people living with dementia (or with memory concerns) in South Asian communities. This will enhance the data generated via the ethnographic research. Analysis will follow the principles of reflexive thematic analysis and will involve identifying themes and synthesising and theorising the data. Following this, findings will be reflected upon in 4–6 task groups convened in London, Nottingham and Newcastle with practitioners from health and social care, voluntary organisations or faith groups involved in dementia care. Task groups will focus on developing practical goals based on the research findings.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for this study has been granted by Newcastle University Faculty of Medical Sciences Ethics Committee (Reference: 2773/43721). Findings will be disseminated to academics, practitioners, policymakers and members of the public via a range of channels including conferences, peer-reviewed publications, lay reports, leaflets and non-written formats such as animated videos.

Background COVID-19 Ethnic Inequalities in Mental health and Multimorbidities (COVEIMM) is a mixed methods study to explore whether COVID-19 exacerbated ethnic health inequalities in adults with serious mental and physical health conditions. We analysed data from electronic health records for England and conducted interviews in Birmingham and Solihull, Manchester, and South London. Sites were selected because they were pilot sites for the Patient and Carer Race Equality Framework being introduced by NHS England to tackle race inequalities in mental health. Prior to the pandemic people in England with severe mental illnesses (SMIs) faced an 11–17-year reduction in life expectancy, mostly due to preventable, long-term, physical health conditions. During the pandemic there was a marked increase in deaths of those living with an SMI. Aims This qualitative interview study aimed to understand the reasons underlying ethnic inequalities in mortality and service use during the COVID-19 pandemic for adult service users and carers of Black African, Black Caribbean, Indian, Pakistani, and Bangladeshi backgrounds living with serious multiple long-term mental and physical health conditions. Methods We took a participatory action research approach and qualitative interviews undertaken by experts-by-experience and university researchers Participants were purposively sampled by ethnicity, diagnoses, and comorbidities across three geographically distinct sites in England. Transcriptions were coded inductively and deductively and analysed thematically. Results Findings indicated multiple points along primary and secondary health pathways for mental and physical health that have the potential to exacerbate the unjust gap in mortality that exists for Black and Asian people with SMIs. Issues such as timely access to care (face-to-face and remote), being treated in a culturally appropriate manner with empathy, dignity and respect, and being able to use services without experiencing undue force, racism or other forms of intersectional discrimination were important themes arising from interviews. Conclusion These poor experiences create systemic and enduring healthcare harms for racialised groups with SMIs that need to be addressed. Our findings suggest a need to address these, not only in mental health providers, but across the whole health and care system and a need to ensure more equitable healthcare partnerships with service users, carers, and communities from racialised backgrounds who are often excluded.

ObjectiveTo identify the barriers and facilitators towards deceased organ donation among Pakistanis living globally.DesignSystematic review using narrative synthesis.Data sourcesCINAHL, Medline with Full Text, Global Health and PsycINFO via EBSCO; Scopus via Elsevier; Web of Science via Clarivate; and PubMed through the US National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health were searched between 1 January 1995 and 31 July 2024 and limited to English.Eligibility criteriaWe included qualitative and cross-sectional studies involving Pakistani participants aged 18 years and above, conducted both within Pakistan and internationally across settings such as universities, religious venues, hospitals and workplaces.Data extraction and synthesisFour independent reviewers were involved in screening, quality assessment and data extraction. A narrative synthesis method was employed to synthesise and integrate the data from qualitative and cross-sectional studies. The Joanna Briggs Institute tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies.ResultsOut of 11 944 studies retrieved, 26 studies were included in the current review. Based on the narrative synthesis, the findings are presented under the following five themes: (1) knowledge of deceased organ donation, (2) willingness towards deceased organ donation, (3) collective decision-making overriding individual’s preferences, (4) religious uncertainty and its impact on deceased organ donation and (5) trust and the healthcare systems.ConclusionThis review shows that decisions about deceased organ donation are shaped by family dynamics, religious beliefs and trust in healthcare. More diverse research is needed to uncover new gaps and improve donor registration and consent rates in Pakistan. A whole-systems approach, considering families, religion and trust, is essential for effective strategies.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022346343.

Background Maternal and child health among tribal populations in Odisha, India, is significantly influenced by socio-economic, cultural, and infrastructural factors. Cultural practices, reliance on traditional medicine, and limited awareness of modern healthcare benefits shape health-seeking behavior. This scoping review synthesises evidence on health-seeking behaviour, healthcare utilisation, awareness of healthcare services, government policies, and barriers in tribal communities in Odisha, India. Methods This scoping review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. We followed the Arksey and O’Malley methodological framework and applied the PAGER framework (Patterns, Advances, Gaps, Evidence for Practice, Research Recommendations) for quality of reporting. Studies were identified through systematic searches of international and Indian databases, Indian journal websites, organisational websites, repositories, and registries, focusing on health-seeking behaviour and healthcare utilisation among Odisha’s tribal communities. Only English-language articles published between January 2011 and July 2024 were included. The methodological quality of the selected studies was independently assessed by two reviewers using the JBI Quality Assessment Checklist. Results A total of 39 studies, encompassing 36,613 participants, were included in the review. The findings highlight significant barriers to healthcare access among tribal communities, including poverty, illiteracy, cultural practices, geographic isolation, distance to healthcare centres, transportation availability and mistrust of government services. While some tribes have shown progress in adopting modern healthcare services, many continue to rely on traditional medicine and indigenous practices. Socio-cultural factors, such as patriarchal norms and religious rituals, further influence healthcare-seeking behavior. Government initiatives like the National Rural Health Mission and the Integrated Child Development Services have had some success in improving healthcare utilisation among tribal populations. However, strengthening community support, conducting village-level awareness campaigns, and implementing targeted educational interventions can play a transformative role in enhancing healthcare access and overall well-being. Conclusion Improving maternal and child health in Odisha’s tribal populations requires culturally sensitive approaches integrated with modern healthcare strategies. Enhancing awareness, infrastructure, and community health workers’ roles can bridge access gaps while respecting tribal traditions.

ObjectivesTo explore the views and perspectives of British South Asian (BSA) women and Positive Health Programme (PHP) facilitators on the usefulness and experiences of the PHP intervention for managing postnatal depression (PND) in primary care settings.DesignQualitative study with semi-structured interviews to explore perceptions of acceptability and implementation. A patient and public involvement group provided their insights and feedback on study topic guides, analysis and outcomes.Setting and participantsWe sampled trial participants from the PHP intervention database to ensure variation in geographic setting, age, socioeconomic status and ethnicity. PHP facilitators involved in the trial were also invited to participate in an interview.Interviews with study participants were conducted at participants’ homes, and community centres, or via phone. Interviews with PHP facilitators were conducted via phone or online. Interview recordings were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis and subsequently the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability (TFA) was applied. Recruitment took place between February 2017 and March 2020.ResultsThirty interviews were conducted—19 trial participants and 11 PHP facilitators. The PHP intervention was viewed positively, with appreciation of its therapeutic content and components such as childcare and refreshments that facilitated engagement. Participants reported improved confidence and well-being and supported their needs. Participants understood the intervention’s purpose. Both intervention participants and facilitators noted strengthened self-efficacy.Some participants experienced difficulties balancing childcare and attendance, implying a need for logistical assistance. Stigma about mental health in the BSA community was viewed as persistent, recommending future programmes efforts on strategies to reduce stigma and develop supportive environment.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the possibility of PHP intervention being integrated into routine care by providing culturally tailored support for BSA women with PND, primarily through family engagement and facilitator support. Future research on scalability, alongside community engagement efforts, will strengthen its acceptability and broader applicability.Trial registration numberISRCTN10697380.

•Some participants did not feel that the intervention was targeted at them, highlighting the heterogeneity of the ethnic minority experience.•Future health promotion interventions need to acknowledge the diversity of minority ethnic communities.•The content of health promoting interventions needs to address different ways of changing behaviour that might be effective in different subgroups.•Health promotion interventions must avoid othering to build trust.•Our evidence can inform the design of future interventions to promote preventative behaviours in relation to communicable disease control in people from ethnic minorities living in the UK. To evaluate an intervention (a film and electronic leaflet) disseminated via text message by general practices to promote COVID-19 preventative behaviours in Black and South Asian communities. We carried out a before-and-after questionnaire study of attitudes to and implementation of COVID-19 preventative behaviours, and qualitative interviews about the intervention, with people registered with 26 general practices in England who identified as Black or South Asian. In the 108 people who completed both questionnaires, we found no significant change in attitudes to and implementation of COVID-19 preventative behaviours, although power was too low to detect significant effects. A key qualitative finding was that participants felt they did not ‘belong’ to the group targeted by the intervention. Interventions targeting ethnic minorities in the UK need to acknowledge the heterogeneity of experience and circumstances of the target group so that people feel that the intervention is relevant to them.

Background Indigenous people are the most vulnerable and marginalised parts of society. Health services available to the tribal people are in developing face when compared to non-indigenous people. The situation with palliative care services exhibits a similar discrepancy. This study aims to explore the challenges and needs of palliative care within the tribal communities of Kerala. Methods The study followed a case study method conducted among the Paniya tribal community in Kambhatti, Maani, and Ozhakodi settlements of the Wayanad district, Kerala. The researchers used semi-structured interviews and observation as data collection methods. The data were collected from tribal people, ASHA workers, and promoters. Tribal people older than 18 years are considered for this study. A six-step model of reflexive thematic analysis was used for analysis. Open coding, followed by axial coding, was used to analyse the data collected from the participants. The codes were combined to form themes. Results A total of 12 participants were interviewed for the study, among them 8 participants were tribal people, 2 participants were promoters and 2 participants were ASHA workers. The majority of the tribal individuals live in joint families inside their settlement. Most of the participants were women, compared to men. Most of the women are employed through the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act. Nine major themes related to the challenges of palliative care were derived after the analysis are, lack of awareness, accessibility, financial issues, cultural beliefs and practice, fear and communication barriers, insufficient health care workforce, palliative care services, and health-related issues. Conclusions This study highlights the significance of palliative care for tribal populations. There is an increased need for palliative care, accompanied by challenges with receiving it in a culturally acceptable and sensitive manner. Developing a hybrid healthcare approach that integrates both traditional and modern medications exclusively for tribes is essential. The tribal population requires support in accessing comprehensive palliative care services from various professionals. It is crucial to establish healthcare programs aimed at addressing the entire healthcare needs of the tribal populations.