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The South Pole
The South Pole is cold, but theres more to it than that! This book presents the cartography and earth science of this polar region to young readers.
Book
Lunar South Polar Water Cycle and Water Resources: Diurnal and Spatial Variations in Surficial Hydration From Repeated Moon Mineralogy Mapper Observations
The diurnal variation and distribution of lunar surficial hydration (OH/H2O) is of great significance for understanding the solar wind implantation and water cycle on the Moon. Lunar south pole is an ideal place to study the diurnal variation of surficial hydration due to the large number of repeat observations of the same region, which is very limited in mid‐ or low‐latitudes. Here we showed clear 0.5‐hr interval diurnal variation of surficial hydration at lunar south pole. The variation of hydration band depth with local time is exactly the opposite to the variation of temperature, indicating that lunar surficial hydration changes sufficiently with temperature. This relationship indicates that both the diurnal variation and hydration content are latitude dependent. Our observations support the hypothesis that the diurnal variation of hydration on the Moon is due to the formation of metastable hydroxyl. Plain Language Summary Hydration (OH/H2O) has been found on the surface of the Moon due to the implantation of solar wind. Hydration contents in the morning and evening were observed to be higher than that at local noon. Lunar south pole is a very good place to study the diurnal variation of surficial hydration compared with other places of the Moon as there are a lot of repeat observations of the same area at different local times. We conducted a detailed investigation of surficial hydration at the lunar south pole based on repeat Moon Mineralogy Mapper near‐infrared data. We found surficial hydration at lunar south pole gradually decreases toward local noon, and then recovers to the morning level at evening. The variation trend is exactly the opposite to the temperature, indicating lunar surficial hydration changes sufficiently with instantaneous temperature. These observations provide clues for studies on the formation and evolution of volatiles on the Moon and other airless bodies. Key Points 0.5‐hr interval diurnal variation of lunar surficial hydration was revealed at lunar south pole for the first time Lunar surficial hydration changes sufficiently with instantaneous temperature Lunar surficial hydration did not change when the Moon enters the Earth's magnetotail
Journal Article
Coupled Ice Sheet Structure and Bedrock Geology in the Deep Interior of East Antarctica: Results From Dome A and the South Pole Basin
The deep interior of the East Antarctic Ice sheet likely contains important records of climate and ice sheet evolution. Here we report on a recent aerogeophysical survey of the southern flank of Dome A, over South Pole Basin. We find an extensive radioglaciologically defined basal unit under Dome A that abruptly truncates within South Pole Basin. This truncation aligns with a change of subglacial bed properties and distinct subglacial landforms. We infer that this basal unit may be slowly transporting and depositing material through local basal melting in South Pole Basin into an extensive, subglacially forming, sedimentary basin. In turn, this sedimentary basin may induce locally enhanced melting by hosting local groundwater.
Journal Article
SPT-SLIM: A Line Intensity Mapping Pathfinder for the South Pole Telescope
The South Pole Telescope Summertime Line Intensity Mapper (SPT-SLIM) is a pathfinder experiment that will demonstrate the use of on-chip filter-bank spectrometers for mm-wave line intensity mapping. The SPT-SLIM focal plane consists of 18 dual-polarization filter-bank spectrometers covering 120–180 GHz with resolving power of 300, coupled to aluminum kinetic inductance detectors. A compact cryostat holds the detectors at 100 mK. SPT-SLIM will be deployed to the 10-m South Pole Telescope for observations during the 2023–2024 austral summer without removing the primary receiver. We discuss the overall instrument design, expected detector performance, and sensitivity to the carbon monoxide line signal at
0.5
<
z
<
2
. The technology and observational techniques demonstrated by SPT-SLIM will enable next-generation line intensity mapping experiments that constrain cosmology beyond the redshift reach of galaxy surveys.
Journal Article
LOLA DEM Assisted Photogrammetric Processing of Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter NAC Images for the Lunar South Pole
Because of its special significance, exploration missions and research at the Lunar South Pole (LSP) are of considerable importance. The mapping products of the LSP such as Digital Ortho Maps (DOMs) and Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) are essential to support exploration missions. However, in the LSP region, the available data are relatively limited. The large amounts of shadows and the special environment of the LSP has an important impact on both image matching and generation of mapping products. In this paper, we propose a photogrammetric processing method to improve the accuracy of the LRO NAC images by using LOLA DEM as auxiliary control data. The LOLA DEM was first rendered using the same illumination conditions as the corresponding LRO NAC raw images, and then matched to the LRO NAC DOMs. Next, the corresponding elevations of the tie points between LOLA DEMs and LRO NAC images were extracted and automatically added to the control network for bundle adjustment. In order to verify the feasibility of the method, we selected 17 LRO NAC images near the LSP at 85° south latitude. The results show that the proposed method can efficiently acquire uniformly distributed elevation control points for bundle adjustment and the generated DEM has a good consistency with the LOLA DEM.
Journal Article
Ice is nice! : all about the North and South Poles
The Cat in the Hat takes Sally and Dick to visit the North and South Poles, where they mingle with native animals-reindeer, musk oxen, polar bears, caribou, and all sorts of penguins. They discover how the animals stay warm in the freezing cold, learn why it's colder at the South Pole than at the North Pole, find out that one pole is located on land and the other isn't, and learn that scientists are studying climate change to keep both poles icy cold.
Book
Cold
Winter owns most of the year at the South Pole, starting in
mid-February and ending in early November. Total darkness lasts for
months, temperatures can drop below -100 degrees Fahrenheit, and
windchill can push temperatures to -140 degrees. At those
temperatures a person not protected with specialized clothing and
an understanding of how to wear it would be reduced to an icicle
within minutes. Few people on the planet can say they know what it
feels like to walk in the unworldly, frigid winter darkness at the
South Pole, but Wayne L. White can-having walked several thousand
miles and never missing a day outside during his stay, regardless
of the conditions. As the winter site manager of the Amundsen-Scott
South Pole Station in Antarctica, White was responsible for the
selection, training, and health and safety of the forty-two- and
forty-six-person crews. Motivated by the determination and bravery
of historical pioneers such as Roald Amundsen, Robert Falcon Scott,
and Ernest Shackleton, White honed his leadership skills to guide a
diverse group of experienced and talented craftsmen, scientists,
and artisans through three winters, the longest term of any winter
manager. Despite hardships, disasters, and watching helpless as a
global pandemic unfolded far beyond their horizon, his crews
prevailed. In Cold White documents his time in these
extreme elements and offers a unique perspective on the United
States Antarctic Program at the South Pole.
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