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"Soziale Bewegung"
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Environmental networks and social movement theory
Clare Saunders' book is an important contribution to the literature on social movements and the environmental movement. It opens with a broad-based consideration of the practicalities of social movement theories and it goes on to relate them to the practices of a particular movement. Theoretically and empirically rich, the book draws on extensive survey material with 144 UK environmental organizations, interviews with more than 40 key campaigners and extensive participant-observation. Saunders argues that Britain has one of the most active and well developed environmental movements in the world; it is not torn by such dramatic divisions as the US movement, yet it illustrates factions common across environmental movements in many European countries. She focuses especially on the crucial question of networking dynamics, showing that there are broad ranging network links across the movements' spatial and ideological dimensions and that this combined with inevitable ideological clashes and a degree of sectarian rivalry, helps produce the creative tension that leads the movement closer to achieving its overarching aims of protecting and preserving the environment.
Book
Motivational Dimensions in Social Movements and Contentious Collective Action
After exposing the limitations of these conflicting perspectives, Maurice Pinard elaborates on an entirely new synthesis, one that involves several motivational components. The pushing force of felt grievances, now with qualifications, is brought back but accompanied, or at times replaced, by other forces, such as feelings of moral obligation or simple aspirations. With regard to pulling factors, collective goods or goals pursued can be involved or replaced by individual material or social rewards granted to participants. Expectancy of success, a generally neglected component, also enters the picture. Finally, the effect of emotions and collective identities are among additional factors that must be considered. By developing theoretical distinctions that have important empirical implications and enriching and sharpening our understanding of the motivational factors for collective action, Pinard offers a major contribution destined to become an essential new starting point for any future writers addressing these issues.
eBook
Keeping up Appearances: Reputational Threat and Impression Management after Social Movement Boycotts
This paper explores the extent to which firms targeted by consumer boycotts strategically react to defend their public image by using prosocial claims: expressions of the organization's commitment to socially acceptable norms, beliefs, and activities. We argue that prosocial claims operate as an impression management tactic meant to protect targeted firms by diluting the negative media attention attracted by the boycott. We test our hypotheses using a sample of 221 boycotts announced between 1990 and 2005. Results suggest that boycotted firms do significantly increase their prosocial claims activity after a boycott is announced. Firms are likely to react with a larger increase in prosocial claims when the boycott is more threatening (it receives more media attention), when the firm has a higher reputation, or when the firm engaged in more prosocial claims before the boycott. We demonstrate that firms fall back on their established impression management strategies when they face a reputational threat and will increase these previously perfected performances as the threat increases. In this way, the severity of a threat positively moderates the relationship between a firm's prior performance repertoire and future performance repertoire, a mechanism we refer to as \"threat amplification.\" When an organization with high reputational standing has bolstered its position by using prosocial claims in its past performance repertoire, however, it will perceive itself to be shielded from movement attacks, decreasing the likelihood of any defensive response, a mechanism we call \"buffering.\" Our findings contribute to impression management by exploring the use of impression management in response to a movement attack and highlighting the important role that a firm's pre-threat positioning plays in its response to an image threat.
Journal Article
Digital Action Repertoires and Transforming a Social Movement Organization
An emerging research agenda focuses on social media’s influence on political activism. Specific attention has recently been paid to digital social movement organizing and action repertoire development. The literature acknowledges the changing face of activism at the movement level, but little is known about the relationship between social movement organizations (SMOs) and digital action repertoires. Understanding this relationship is critical because strong adherence to values is at the heart of establishing action repertoires with legitimacy and persistence. In this paper, we rely on a two-year longitudinal study of the Swedish affiliate of Amnesty International. We examine the transformation in engagement and interaction that followed the organization’s introduction of new action repertoires. Drawing on resource mobilization theory and the collective action space model, we elaborate how new action repertoires both stabilized and challenged the values of the SMO, as well as gradually broadened the interactions of supporters and deepened their modes of engagement. We offer a value-based model on the antecedents and effects of new action repertoires from the SMO perspective. The empirical findings and the model build new theory on social media and digital activism at the organizational level, complementing the predominant movement level research in the extant literature.
Journal Article
Land and freedom
The Zapatistas of Chiapas and the Landless Rural Workers' Movement (MST) of Brazil are often celebrated as shining examples in the global struggle against neoliberalism. But what have these movements achieved for their members in more than two decades of resistance and can any of these achievements realistically contribute to the rise of a viable alternative? Through a perfect balance of grassroots testimonies, participative observation and consideration of key debates in development studies, agrarian political economy, historical sociology and critical political economy, Land and Freedom compares, for the first time, the Zapatista and MST movements. Casting a spotlight on their resistance to globalizing market forces, Vergara-Camus gets to the heart of how these movements organize themselves and how territorial control, politicization and empowerment of their membership and the decommodification of social relations are key to understanding their radical development potential.
eBook
Rebellious conservatives : social movements in defense of privilege
Conservative social movements such as the Tea Party are having a huge impact on American politics and social life. Unlike social movements of the past, these conservative protesters are not oppressed minorities but tend to be relatively privileged population groups. So why are they protesting? Rebellious Conservatives examines three conservative movements, the anti-abortion/pro-life movement, the anti-illegal immigration movement, and the Tea Party, to determine why conservatives engage in protest, how they justify such action, and how they seek to reshape America. Drawing upon aspects of social movement and race theory, the author shows how perceived threats to the privileges of these conservatives drive their protest, how these movements have attempted to reshape American identities to protect these privileges, and the potential implications of the success of these movements.
Book
