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"Sozialstaat"
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Total unsozial. Deutschland im „Herbst der Reformen
Bundeskanzler Friedrich Merz stimmte die Bevölkerung im Sommer 2025 durch prägnante Formulierungen auf einen „Herbst der Reformen“ und bevorstehende Kürzungen im System der sozialen Sicherung ein. Auf dem Landesparteitag der niedersächsischen CDU in Osnabrück sagte er am 23. August 2025: „Der Sozialstaat, wie wir ihn heute haben, ist mit dem, was wir volkswirtschaftlich leisten, nicht mehr finanzierbar.“ Christoph Butterwegge analysiert diesen Terminus kritisch und argumentiert: Zwar hatte Merz womöglich recht, wenn die von ihm geführte Regierung den Einzelplan 14 (Wehretat), wie veranschlagt, von knapp 52 Milliarden Euro im Jahr 2024 auf 152,8 Milliarden Euro im Jahr 2029 nahezu verdreifacht, ohne dass sie irgendwelche Steuern erhöht. Aber ohne eine übertriebene Vergrößerung der Bundeswehr und gigantische Rüstungsprojekte, die man auf dem Umweg über Kredite finanziert, wodurch damit zwangsläufig verbundene Zins- und Tilgungslasten enorm steigen, erweist sich der Sozialstaat als zukunftsfähig. Schlagwörter: Sozialstaat, Reformen, Merz
Journal Article
Debt, democracy and the welfare state : are modern democracies living on borrowed time and money?
Argues that government debt in the developed world has risen to world war proportions in a time of peace because of welfare expenditures in excess of what tax revenues allow. Examines the willingness or unwillingness of democratic leaders to balance taxes and public spending and looks at the possible increase of private financing of public services.
Book
Sociocultural bases of an era of modernity and their influence on postrevolutionary architecture of the USSR
Great October Socialist Revolution of 1917 applied for creation of the new world and first of all - the new person. This new person had to feel, wish, work and create in a new way. To formulate and implement the similar existential project, especially, so global, certain media language, imagination, art - a word, some obligatory means realizing political and subjective functions are required. Since ancient times such function was performed, in particular, in a special way by the organized subject and spatial environment finding the next expression in architecture. It is conventional that architecture - the major and strongest tool and the mechanism of impact on a subject. The architecture creates physical and symbolical borders, defining individual and collective life in a latent way. It is no wonder that the architecture of the first-ever socialist state was one of the most important construction tools of the new world.
Journal Article
Sozialstaat an seinen Grenzen. Oder: You Can’t Always Get What You Want?
Die Debatte um die Grenzen des Sozialstaates läuft nun seit fast 50 Jahren und wird empirisch sowie theoretisch breit untermauert. Die Ergebnisse belegen ein hohes Ausgabenniveau, aber auch gewisse Interpretationsspielräume je nach Perspektive. Derzeit kommt es zu einer erheblichen Konkurrenz der Sozialpolitik zu anderen wichtigen Felder wie Bildung, Infrastruktur, Wohnen und Sicherheit. Klar ist, dass es nicht alles und umsonst geben kann. Oder: You Can’t Always Get What You Want. D.h. es sind politische Entscheidungen über Ziele und deren Umsetzung, über Prioritäten bzw. Gewinner und Verlierer nötig. Dazu bedarf es jedoch einer realistischen Problemwahrnehmung und politischen Kommunikation – was sich im derzeitigen Wahlkampf nicht zeigt. Schlagwörter: Sozialstaat, Sozialpolitik, Daseinsvorsorge
Journal Article
Enabling conditions for an equitable and sustainable blue economy
The future of the global ocean economy is currently envisioned as advancing towards a ‘blue economy’—socially equitable, environmentally sustainable and economically viable ocean industries
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. However, tensions exist within sustainable development approaches, arising from differing perspectives framed around natural capital or social equity. Here we show that there are stark differences in outlook on the capacity for establishing a blue economy, and on its potential outcomes, when social conditions and governance capacity—not just resource availability—are considered, and we highlight limits to establishing multiple overlapping industries. This is reflected by an analysis using a fuzzy logic model to integrate indicators from multiple disciplines and to evaluate their current capacity to contribute to establishing equitable, sustainable and viable ocean sectors consistent with a blue economy approach. We find that the key differences in the capacity of regions to achieve a blue economy are not due to available natural resources, but include factors such as national stability, corruption and infrastructure, which can be improved through targeted investments and cross-scale cooperation. Knowledge gaps can be addressed by integrating historical natural and social science information on the drivers and outcomes of resource use and management, thus identifying equitable pathways to establishing or transforming ocean sectors
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. Our results suggest that policymakers must engage researchers and stakeholders to promote evidence-based, collaborative planning that ensures that sectors are chosen carefully, that local benefits are prioritized, and that the blue economy delivers on its social, environmental and economic goals.
The capacity to create an equitable and sustainable ‘blue economy’ from ocean resources will be determined by addressing social conditions, governance and infrastructure, not just resource availability, as shown by a fuzzy logic model incorporating multidisciplinary criteria.
Journal Article
Sticking Together or Falling Apart?
Conventional wisdom says that social solidarity in the Western world is crumbling. The trends of individualization and globalization are said to erode the willingness of citizens to support each other and to cooperate for the common good. Sticking Together or Falling Apart: Solidarity in an Era of Individualization and Globalization scrutinizes these claims, both theoretically and empirically. It focuses on informal solidarity, such as volunteering, charitable giving, and informal care, as well as on formal solidarity, such as social benefits and development aid. The book examines the theoretical arguments that increasing competition and capital flows between countries and growing selfishness of modern citizens hurt social solidarity. Empirically, it is the first thorough study of international comparative data on solidarity, globalization and individualization, leading to the conclusion that, overall, solidarity is rising rather than declining. The impact of globalization and individualization is much more ambiguous than is often contended. While particular aspects of globalization and individualization might harm solidarity, other elements foster solidarity instead.
eBook
The Population Settlement in Russia's Arctic Zone: Facts and Trends
In the paper the authors present the study of facts and trends in population settlement in regions of Russian Arctic Zone. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the location of the population in the Arctic Zone depends not only on the socio-economic development of the Arctic territories, but also on Russia's geopolitical security. The authors considered population settlement from two interrelated positions: the process of a certain territory settling in the process of migration and the result of this process - the residents' resettlement in regions. Some main indicators of the population settlement in regions completely or partially located in the Arctic were estimated. The authors proceeded from several hypotheses: firstly, socio-economic resource factors of population distribution become the most significant; secondly, Russia's Arctic regions are poorly populated and their population continues to decline; thirdly, migration in Arctic regions is voluntary, it has an economic character and its direction changed depending on economic and social conditions; fourthly, Arctic settlements differ significantly from ones in other Russia's territories; fifthly, problem-solving of the settlement population in the Arctic territories is the key to solving the problem of Russia's development. The research made possible to confirm or disprove these hypotheses.
Journal Article
Affiliative zygomatic synchrony in co-present strangers
In social contexts individuals frequently act as social chameleons, synchronizing their responses with those of others. Such synchrony is believed to play an important role, promoting mutual emotional and social states. However, synchrony in facial signals, which serve as the main communicative channel between people, has not been systematically studied. To address this gap, we investigated the social spread of smiling dynamics in a naturalistic social setting and assessed its affiliative function. We also studied whether smiling synchrony between people is linked with convergence in their autonomic and emotional responses. To that aim we measured moment-by-moment changes in zygomatic electromyography and cardiovascular activity in dyads of previously unacquainted participants, who co-viewed and subsequently rated emotional movies. We found a robust, dyad-specific zygomatic synchrony in co-viewing participants. During the positive movie, such zygomatic synchrony co-varied with cardiovascular synchrony and with convergence in positive feelings. No such links were found for the negative movie. Centrally, zygomatic synchrony in both emotional contexts predicted the subsequently reported affiliative feelings of dyad members. These results demonstrate that a naturally unfolding smiling behavior is highly contagious. They further suggest that zygomatic synchrony functions as a social facilitator, eliciting affiliation towards previously unknown others.
Journal Article
The determinants of income inequality in OECD countries
The objective of this paper is to identify the determinants of the increase in income inequality that OECD countries have experienced over the past two decades. My hypothesis is that along with the financialisation of economies that has taken place since 1990, inequality increased because labour flexibility intensified, labour market institutions weakened as trade unions lost power, and public social spending started to retrench and did not compensate for the vulnerabilities created by the globalisation process. Using data from 25 high-income OECD countries from 1990 to 2013, I empirically evaluate this hypothesis. My results clearly suggest that the increase in inequality over the past two decades is caused by an increase in financialisation, a deepening of labour flexibility, the weakening of trade unions and the retrenchment of the welfare state.
Journal Article