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When galaxies were born : the quest for cosmic dawn
\"Approximately 300,000 years after the Big Bang, all matter consisted of three chemical elements: hydrogen, helium, and a bit of lithium. This matter spread out as the universe expanded and cooled down, and from the far-flung gas clusters the first stars ignited. Eventually, due to gravitational clustering, primordial galaxies formed. The earliest galaxies, which evolved in the first few hundred million years after the Big Bang, contained stars that in turn contained only hydrogen and helium. These galaxies are thought to have produced copious amounts of ultraviolet radiation, which re-ionized the hydrogen in deep space and sparked one of the major phase transitions in the universe's early evolution, called the reionization era. In When Galaxies Were Born, Ellis describes efforts to reveal the oldest, most distant stars and galaxies in the universe and, in turn, to better understand the early evolution of the universe. Observational research into the largely uncharted cosmological era of \"cosmic dawn\" is notoriously difficult and involves such major space- and ground-based observatories as ESO's Very Large Telescope (VLT) and the Atacama Large Millimetre Array (ALMA) in Chile, the twin Keck telescopes on Mauna Kea in Hawaii, and the Hubble Space Telescope, and it will progress in the future using the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) and Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT) in Chile, the Thirty-Meter Telescope (TMT) in Hawaii, and the NASA's James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), due to launch in mid-December 2021. While giving readers an inside look at the last several decades of progress in the field, Ellis also shares his own story and personal perspective, taking readers along as he uses observatories around the world to reveal how the first stars and galaxies came into being and how the earliest galaxies led to the further emergence of cosmic structure in the universe\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The Ionospheric Connection Explorer Mission: Mission Goals and Design
The Ionospheric Connection Explorer, or ICON, is a new NASA Explorer mission that will explore the boundary between Earth and space to understand the physical connection between our world and our space environment. This connection is made in the ionosphere, which has long been known to exhibit variability associated with the sun and solar wind. However, it has been recognized in the 21st century that equally significant changes in ionospheric conditions are apparently associated with energy and momentum propagating upward from our own atmosphere. ICON’s goal is to weigh the competing impacts of these two drivers as they influence our space environment. Here we describe the specific science objectives that address this goal, as well as the means by which they will be achieved. The instruments selected, the overall performance requirements of the science payload and the operational requirements are also described. ICON’s development began in 2013 and the mission is on track for launch in 2018. ICON is developed and managed by the Space Sciences Laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley, with key contributions from several partner institutions.
Journal Article
Breach of containment
\"Hostilities between factions are threatening to explode into a shooting war on the moon of Yakutsk, and the two major galactic military powers, Central Corps and PSI, have sent ships to defuse the situation. But when a strange artifact is discovered, events are set in motion that threaten the entire colonized galaxy--including former Central Corps Commander Elena Shaw. Now an engineer on a commercial shipping vessel, Elena finds herself drawn into the conflict when she picks up the artifact on Yakutsk--and investigation of it uncovers ties to the massive, corrupt corporation Ellis Systems, which she's opposed before. Her safety is further compromised by her former ties to Central Corps; Elena can't separate herself from her past life and her old ship, the CCSS Galileo. Before Elena can uncover the artifact's purpose, disaster strikes: all communication with the First Sector--including Earth--is lost. The reason becomes apparent as news reaches Elena of a battle fleet, intent on destruction, rapidly approaching Earth. And with communications at sublight speeds, there is no way to warn the planet in time. Armed with crucial intel from a shadowy source and the strange artifact, Elena may be the only one who can stop the fleet and save Earth. But for this mission there will be no second chances--and no return\"--Publisher.
Book
The first galaxies in the universe
This book provides a comprehensive, self-contained introduction to one of the most exciting frontiers in astrophysics today: the quest to understand how the oldest and most distant galaxies in our universe first formed. Until now, most research on this question has been theoretical, but the next few years will bring about a new generation of large telescopes that promise to supply a flood of data about the infant universe during its first billion years after the big bang. This book bridges the gap between theory and observation. It is an invaluable reference for students and researchers on early galaxies.
The First Galaxies in the Universestarts from basic physical principles before moving on to more advanced material. Topics include the gravitational growth of structure, the intergalactic medium, the formation and evolution of the first stars and black holes, feedback and galaxy evolution, reionization, 21-cm cosmology, and more.
Provides a comprehensive introduction to this exciting frontier in astrophysicsBegins from first principlesCovers advanced topics such as the first stars and 21-cm cosmologyPrepares students for research using the next generation of large telescopesDiscusses many open questions to be explored in the coming decade
eBook
A call to vengeance
\"Book three in the nationally best-selling Manticore Ascendant series, a prequel series to David Weber's multiple New York Times best-selling Honor Harrington series. Sequel to A Call to Duty and A Call to Arms. After the disastrous attack on the Manticoran home system by forces unknown, the Royal Manticoran Navy stands on the brink of collapse. A shadowy enemy with the resources to hurl warships across hundreds of light years seeks to conquer the Star Kingdom for reasons unknown, while forces from within Manticore's own government seek to discredit and weaken the Navy for reasons very much known: their own political gain. It's up to officers like Travis Long and Lisa Donnelly to defend the Star Kingdom and the Royal Manticoran Navy from these threats, but the challenge is greater than any they have faced before. Weakened but not defeated, the mercenary forces and their mysterious employer could return at any time, and the anti-Navy faction within Parliament is growing. The situation becomes even more dire when fresh tragedy strikes the Star Kingdom. While the House of Winton faces their enemies at home, Travis, Lisa, and the other officers of the Royal Manticoran Navy must reunite with old friends and join new allies to hunt down and eliminate the forces arrayed against them in a galaxy-spanning conspiracy. Manticore has learned that the universe is not a safe place, but the Star Kingdom's enemies are about to learn it's dangerous to mess the Manticore!\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The Physics and Evolution of Active Galactic Nuclei
Research into active galactic nuclei (AGN) – the compact, luminous hearts of many galaxies – is at the forefront of modern astrophysics. Understanding these objects requires extensive knowledge in many different areas: accretion disks, the physics of dust and ionized gas, astronomical spectroscopy, star formation, and the cosmological evolution of galaxies and black holes. This new text by Hagai Netzer, a renowned astronomer and leader in the field, provides a comprehensive introduction to the theory underpinning our study of AGN and the ways that we observe them. It emphasizes the basic physics underlying AGN, the different types of active galaxies and their various components, and the complex interplay between them and other astronomical objects. Recent developments regarding the evolutionary connections between active galaxies and star-forming galaxies are explained in detail. Both graduate students and researchers will benefit from Netzer's authoritative contributions to this exciting field of research.
eBook
Places in the darkness
Hundreds of miles above Earth, the space station Ciudad de Cielo--The City in the Sky--is a beacon of hope for humanity's expansion into the stars. But not everyone aboard shares such noble ideals. Bootlegging, booze, and prostitution form a lucrative underground economy for rival gangs, which the authorities are happy to turn a blind eye to until a disassembled corpse is found dancing in the micro-gravity. In charge of the murder investigation is Nikki \"Fix\" Freeman, who is not thrilled to have Alice Blake, an uptight government goody-two-shoes, riding shotgun. As the bodies pile up, and the partners are forced to question their own memories, Nikki and Alice begin to realize that gang warfare may not be the only cause for the violence.
Book
Decoding the Pre-Eruptive Magnetic Field Configurations of Coronal Mass Ejections
A clear understanding of the nature of the pre-eruptive magnetic field configurations of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) is required for understanding and eventually predicting solar eruptions. Only two, but seemingly disparate, magnetic configurations are considered viable; namely, sheared magnetic arcades (SMA) and magnetic flux ropes (MFR). They can form via three physical mechanisms (flux emergence, flux cancellation, helicity condensation). Whether the CME culprit is an SMA or an MFR, however, has been strongly debated for thirty years. We formed an International Space Science Institute (ISSI) team to address and resolve this issue and report the outcome here. We review the status of the field across modeling and observations, identify the open and closed issues, compile lists of SMA and MFR observables to be tested against observations and outline research activities to close the gaps in our current understanding. We propose that the combination of multi-viewpoint multi-thermal coronal observations and multi-height vector magnetic field measurements is the optimal approach for resolving the issue conclusively. We demonstrate the approach using MHD simulations and synthetic coronal images.
Our key conclusion is that the differentiation of pre-eruptive configurations in terms of SMAs and MFRs seems artificial. Both observations and modeling can be made consistent if the pre-eruptive configuration exists in a hybrid state that is continuously evolving from an SMA to an MFR. Thus, the ‘dominant’ nature of a given configuration will largely depend on its evolutionary stage (SMA-like early-on, MFR-like near the eruption).
Journal Article
Impact : how rocks from space led to life, culture, and Donkey Kong
A noted meteoriticist shows how meteorites have helped build our planet and influenced humanity since the start of civilization.
Book
Time-Delay Cosmography: Measuring the Hubble Constant and Other Cosmological Parameters with Strong Gravitational Lensing
Multiply lensed images of a same source experience a relative time delay in the arrival of photons due to the path length difference and the different gravitational potentials the photons travel through. This effect can be used to measure absolute distances and the Hubble constant (
H
0
) and is known as time-delay cosmography. The method is independent of the local distance ladder and early-universe physics and provides a precise and competitive measurement of
H
0
. With upcoming observatories, time-delay cosmography can provide a 1% precision measurement of
H
0
and can decisively shed light on the current reported ‘Hubble tension’. This manuscript details the general methodology developed over the past decades in time-delay cosmography, discusses recent advances and results, and, foremost, provides a foundation and outlook for the next decade in providing accurate and ever more precise measurements with increased sample size and improved observational techniques.
Journal Article