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"Space and time Psychological aspects."
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The sociology of space : materiality, social structures, and action
In this book, the author develops a relational concept of space that encompasses social structure, the material world of objects and bodies, and the symbolic dimension of the social world. Low's guiding principle is the assumption that space emerges in the interplay between objects, structures and actions. Based on a critical discussion of classic theories of space, Low develops a new dynamic theory of space that accounts for the relational context in which space is constituted. This innovative view on the interdependency of material, social, and symbolic dimensions of space also permits a new perspective on architecture and urban development.
Book
Medieval Practices of Space
The contributors to this volume cross disciplinary and theoretical boundaries to read the words, metaphors, images, signs, poetic illusions, and identities with which medieval men and women used space and place to add meaning to the world. Contributors: Kathleen Biddick, Charles Burroughs, Michael Camille, Tom Conley, Donnalee Dox, Jody Enders, Valerie K. J. Flint, Andrzej Piotrowski, and Daniel Lord Smail.
eBook
A psychohistory of metaphors
A Psychohistory of Metaphors traces how, in response to historical change, metaphors have expanded our introspective capabilities. By illuminating how new experiences borrowed from visual and spatial perceptions have transformed cognition itself, unexpected linkages among notions of time, geography, and psyche are revealed.
eBook
Female subjectivity in African American women's narratives of enslavement : beyond borders
Female Subjectivity in African American Women s Narratives of Enslavement is a new and innovative study of black women s transformation, which focuses on black women writers who support the notion of separate location for a changed female consciousness.
eBook
Space and the production of cultural difference among the Akha prior to globalization
Based on the author's extensive fieldwork among the Akha people prior to full nation-state integration, this illuminating study critically re-examines assumptions about space, power, and the politics of identity, so often based on modern, western contexts. Tooker explores the active role that spatial practices (and their indigenous link to a 'life force') have played in maintaining cultural autonomy in an historically migratory, multiethnic context. Space and the Production of Cultural Difference Among the Akha Prior to Globalization: Channeling the Flow of Life expands current debates about power relations in the region from a mostly political and economic framework into the domains of ritual, cosmology, and indigenous meaning and social systems.
eBook
Hallow This Ground
Beginning outside the boarded-up windows of Columbine High School and ending almost twelve years later on the fields of Shiloh National Military Park, Hallow This Ground revolves around monuments and memorials—physical structures that mark the intersection of time and place. In the ways they invite us to interact with them, these sites teach us to recognize our ties to the past. Colin Rafferty explores places as familiar as his hometown of Kansas City and as alien as the concentration camps of Poland in an attempt to understand not only our common histories, but also his own past, present, and future. Rafferty blends the travel essay with the lyric, the memoir with the analytic, in this meditation on the ways personal histories intersect with History, and how those intersections affect the way we understand and interact with Place.
eBook
Personal space regulation by the human amygdala
The amygdala is critical for processing information about emotion, but little is known about what role it might play in human behavioral interactions. Here the authors report that a patient with complete bilateral amydala lesions lacks any sense of personal space, and that in healthy controls the amygdala is activated by close personal proximity.
The amygdala plays key roles in emotion and social cognition, but how this translates to face-to-face interactions involving real people remains unknown. We found that an individual with complete amygdala lesions lacked any sense of personal space. Furthermore, healthy individuals showed amygdala activation upon close personal proximity. The amygdala may be required to trigger the strong emotional reactions normally following personal space violations, thus regulating interpersonal distance in humans.
Journal Article
Vestibular stimulation and space-time interaction affect the perception of time during whole-body rotations
Among the factors, such as emotions, that distort time perception, vestibular stimulation causes a contraction in subjective time. Unlike emotions, the intensity of vestibular stimulation can be easily and precisely modified, making it possible to study the quantitative relationship between stimulation and its effect on time perception. We hypothesized that the contraction of subjective time would increase with the vestibular stimulation magnitude. In the first experiment, participants sat on a rotatory chair and reproduced time intervals between the start and the end of whole-body passive rotations (40° or 80°; dynamic condition) or between two consecutive low-amplitude shakes (static condition). We also assessed reaction time under the same conditions to evaluate the attentional effect of the stimuli. As expected, duration reproduction in the 40° rotation was shorter than that observed in the static condition, but this effect was partly reversed for 80° rotations. In other words, vestibular stimulation shortens the perceived time interval, but this effect weakens with stronger stimulation. Attentional changes do not explain this unexpected result, as reaction time did not change between conditions. We hypothesized that the space-time interaction (i.e., spatially larger stimuli are perceived as lasting longer) could explain these findings. To assess this, in a second experiment participants were subjected to the same protocol but with three rotation amplitudes (30°, 60°, and 120°). The duration reproductions were systematically shorter for the lower amplitudes than for the higher amplitudes; so much so that for the highest amplitude (120°), the duration reproduction increased so that it did not differ from the static condition. Overall, the experiments show that whole-body rotation can contract subjective time, probably at the rather low level of the interval timing network, or dilate it, probably at a higher level via the space-time interaction.
Journal Article
On the contribution of overt tactile expectations to visuo-tactile interactions within the peripersonal space
Since the discovery of neural regions in the monkey brain that respond preferentially to multisensory stimuli presented in proximal space, researchers have been studying this specialised spatial representation in humans. It has been demonstrated that approaching auditory or visual stimuli modulate tactile processing, while they are within the peripersonal space (PPS). The aim of the current study is to investigate the additional effects of tactile expectation on the PPS-related multisensory interactions. Based on the output of a computational simulation, we expected that as tactile expectation increases rapidly during the course of the motion of the visual stimulus, the outcome RT curves would mask the multisensory contribution of PPS. When the tactile expectation remains constant during the motion, the PPS-related spatially selective multisensory processes become apparent. The behavioural results on human experiments followed the pattern predicted by the simulation. That is, rapidly changing levels of tactile expectation, caused by dynamic visual stimuli, masks the outcome of the multisensory processes within peripersonal space. This indicates that both PPS-related multisensory interactions and tactile expectations play an important role in anticipating and responding to interactions with the body.
Journal Article