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"Space environment."
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Living in space
\"What's it like to live in space? How long can you stay in space? Discover how astronauts eat, sleep, work, and even exercise in a weightless world\"--Publisher marketing.
Book
Development of a new sample holder and sample holder container for coordinated surface analyses (micro-IR, XPS, FE-SEM, and micro-Raman) and ion irradiation experiments of extraterrestrial materials
The Hayabusa2 and OSIRIS-REx missions have successfully returned pristine materials from the carbonaceous asteroids Ryugu and Bennu, respectively. These missions offer a unique opportunity to study space weathering processes, primarily driven by solar wind irradiation and micrometeorite bombardment, which continuously affect the surface of airless bodies. Coordinated surface and sub-surface techniques, including micro-infrared spectroscopy (micro-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and micro-Raman spectroscopy, have proven particularly valuable for unveiling the nature of these intricate processes. However, a sample holder specifically designed for extraterrestrial samples to facilitate coordinated surface analyses has yet to be reported. This study presents the development and application of a new sample holder (SH) and sample holder container (SHC), specifically designed to optimize the efficiency of coordinated surface analyses of extraterrestrial materials while preserving their integrity. The SH securely holds irregular millimeter-sized, high-friable grains (e.g., Ivuna-type carbonaceous chondrites) for sequential analyses such as micro-IR, XPS, FE-SEM, micro-Raman, and ion irradiation. The latter is critical for simulating space weathering processes. The SH was designed with high-purity materials, including molybdenum and alumina (Al
2
O
3
), ensuring low chemical contamination risk and high-mechanical stability. The SHC complements this setup by providing a secure solution for transporting samples among different facilities. It allow to maintain an inert gas environment or high vacuum condition to prevent contamination from exposure to the terrestrial atmosphere. This combined system was successfully applied in the coordinated surface analysis of two Ryugu grains, preserving their chemical and physical integrity while facilitating detailed investigations into space weathering effects. These technical advancements provide a robust framework for multidisciplinary research on sensitive extraterrestrial materials, ensuring accurate and precise results and securing sample integrity throughout the coordinated analyses.
Graphical Abstract
Journal Article
Spacewalks
What's a spacewalk? Step outside your space vehicle, and you're spacewalking! Whether you're collecting samples, fixing equipment, or sightseeing, spacewalking is an out-of-this-world experience!
Book
Temperature Field Distribution Testing and Improvement of Near Space Environment Simulation Test System for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Temperature distribution inside the vacuum chamber of the TRX 2000(A) near space environment simulation test system (NSESTS) was investigated through both experimentation and computational fluid dynamics simulation. Comparison between the experimental result and the simulation result showed that these two results were very close to each other, validating the feasibility of using the simulation method to study the temperature distribution inside the NSESTS. Then, the effect of wind, either downwind or upwind, on temperature uniformity inside the NSESTS was investigated through the simulation method. The simulation result showed that the non-uniformity coefficient will be reduced from 0.2757 to 0.2012 (by 27.1%) in the case of downwind and to 0.2055 (by 25.5%) in the case of upwind. Then, the simulation result was validated by experiment. The result of this research indicates that the temperature uniformity can be greatly improved through installment of additional fans inside the NSESTS.
Journal Article
Art in orbit : art objects and spaceflight
\"This book explores the contexts, questions, challenges and opportunities for creative exploration of form, materials, and the body, in space. Presenting 9 original case studies from artwork shaped by the unique physical and psychological conditions of space, and informed by exclusive interviews with artists working in the field, it highlights collaborations between artists, engineers, and theorists that have recontextualized the perception and use of weighted materials and subject positions in art practice\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
On the Representativeness of Proton Radiation Resistance Tests on Optical Coatings for Interplanetary Missions
Optical instrumentation used in space normally employs optical coatings. Future interplanetary space missions will be characterized by ever longer stays in environmental conditions where low energy protons represent one of the main types of radiation impacting the coating longevity and performance. To ensure the reliability of coated optics, environmental resistance tests should be accurately planned to be representative for a mission. To this end, the existing standards for coating tests and the test results interpretation have been constantly improved. In this study, we analyze the relevant standards of the European Space Agency (ESA) and of the Chinese Space Agency (CSA) for testing coated optics for interplanetary missions, and in particular for the missions at the Lagrange points. We focus in particular on the applicability of these standards and hence on their possible refinement when specifically implemented to the optical thin films and coatings. We proceed with the development of a methodology for reliable interpretation of the proton irradiation tests for the optical coatings for interplanetary missions, first briefly overviewing the existing tools which allow for space environment simulation and hence deriving the test conditions for the Lagrange points. Furthermore, we apply the approach to testing of aluminum oxide optical coatings for applications in the visible spectral range, concluding on the representativeness of the proposed approach and on possible refinement of the existing standards for coating tests when they are specifically developed for optical applications.
Journal Article
Far Beyond the Moon
From the beginning of the space age, scientists and engineers have
worked on systems to help humans survive for the astounding 28,500
days (78 years) needed to reach another planet. They've imagined
and tried to create a little piece of Earth in a bubble travelling
through space, inside of which people could live for decades,
centuries, or even millennia. Far Beyond the Moon tells
the dramatic story of engineering efforts by astronauts and
scientists to create artificial habitats for humans in orbiting
space stations, as well as on journeys to Mars and beyond. Along
the way, David P. D. Munns and Kärin Nickelsen explore the often
unglamorous but very real problem posed by long-term life support:
How can we recycle biological wastes to create air, water, and even
food in meticulously controlled artificial environments? Together,
they draw attention to the unsung participants of the space
program-the sanitary engineers, nutritionists, plant physiologists,
bacteriologists, and algologists who created and tested artificial
environments for space based on chemical technologies of life
support-as well as the bioregenerative algae systems developed to
reuse waste, water, and nutrients, so that we might cope with a
space journey of not just a few days, but months, or more likely,
years.
eBook