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There are five essential subsystems of any manned or unmanned spacecraft: propulsion, attitude control, power, environmental control, and telemetry. Propulsion, normally in the form of a rocket, is used to get the spacecraft off the launch pad and usually into an orbit. Telemetry is the communications subsystem between the spacecraft and mission control back on Earth. The three attitude control system (ACS) axes of satellites or spacecrafts are roll, pitch, and yaw, following the tradition of naval vessels. DC power is usually obtained either by photovoltaic cells (solar panels) or by small nuclear reactors known as radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs). Microprocessors or subsystem instrument computers, depending on the complexity of the mission objectives, often support the central computer. Finally, all missions launched in the twenty‐first century have to have in place prior to launch a plan to deorbit the spacecraft safely at the end of its mission.

Four sample space launch missions were designed using rotating momentum transfer tethers (bolos) within low Earth orbit and a previously unknown phenomenon of \"aerospinning\" was identified and simulated. The momentum transfer tethers were found to be only marginally more efficient than the use of chemical rocket boosters. Insufficient power density of modern spacecrafts was identified as the principal inhibitory factor for tether usage as a means of launch-assistance, with power densities at least 10 W/kg required for effective bolos operation.

Provides update to National Reconnaissance Office policy on visitors' attendance at satellite launches.

Identifies exchange of staff, creation of advisory board to oversee Air Force assignments to National Reconnaissance Office, and other methods in which NRO and USAF can collaborate more efficiently.

Encloses report on review of two commercial space launch competitions won by China in 1993.

India loses Satellites during unsuccessful Spacecraft launches

National Security Council Senior Interagency Group-Space offers recommendations for national space launch program.

National Security Council Senior Interagency Group-Space working group reports on space launch policy [title page only].

Comments on \"reliability problems\" with Pave Paws data.