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"Spain Religion 16th century."
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The Escorial
Few buildings have played so central a role in Spain's history as the monastery-palace of San Lorenzo del Escorial. Colossal in size and imposing-even forbidding-in appearance, the Escorial has invited and defied description for four centuries. Part palace, part monastery, part mausoleum, it has also served as a shrine, a school, a repository for thousands of relics, and one of the greatest libraries of its time. Constructed over the course of more than twenty years, the Escorial challenged and provoked, becoming for some a symbol of superstition and oppression, for others a \"wonder of the world.\" Now a World Heritage Site, it is visited by thousands of travelers every year.
In this intriguing study, Henry Kamen looks at the circumstances that brought the young Philip II to commission construction of the Escorial in 1563. He explores Philip's motivation, the influence of his travels, the meaning of the design, and its place in Spanish culture. It represents a highly engaging narrative of the high point of Spanish imperial dominance, in which contemporary preoccupations with art, religion, and power are analyzed in the context of this remarkable building.
eBook
Dying in the law of Moses : crypto-Jewish martyrdom in the Iberian world
Miriam Bodian's study of crypto-Jewish martyrdom in Iberian lands depicts
a new type of martyr that emerged in the late 16th century -- a defiant, educated
judaizing martyr who engaged in disputes with inquisitors. By examining closely the
Inquisition dossiers of four men who were tried in the Iberian peninsula or Spanish
America and who developed judaizing theologies that drew from currents of
Reformation thinking that emphasized the authority of Scripture and the religious
autonomy of individual interpreters of Scripture, Miriam Bodian reveals unexpected
connections between Reformation thought and historic crypto-Judaism. The complex
personalities of the martyrs, acting in response to psychic and situational
pressures, emerge vividly from this absorbing book.
eBook
Sacred Habitat
Known as a time of revolutions in science, the early modern era
in Europe was characterized by the emergence of new disciplines and
ways of thinking. Taking this conceit a step further, Sacred
Habitat shows how Spanish friars and missionaries used new
scholarly approaches, methods, and empirical data from their
studies of ecology to promote Catholic goals and incorporate
American nature into centuries-old church traditions.
Ran Segev examines the interrelated connections between
Catholicism and geography, cosmography, and natural history-fields
of study that gained particular prominence during the sixteenth and
seventeenth centuries-and shows how these new bodies of knowledge
provided innovative ways of conceptualizing and transmitting
religious ideologies in the post-Reformation era. Weaving together
historical narratives on Spain and its colonies with scholarship on
the Catholic Reformation, Atlantic science, and environmental
history, Segev contends that knowledge about American nature
allowed pious Catholics to reconnect with their religious
traditions and enabled them to apply their beliefs to a foreign
land.
Sacred Habitat presents a fresh perspective on Catholic
renewal. Scholars of religion and historians of Spain, colonial
Latin America, and early modern science will welcome this
provocative intervention in the history of empire, science,
knowledge, and early modern Catholicism.
eBook
Responsa in a Historical Context
A Winner of the 2024 Association for Jewish Studies' Jordan Schnitzer First Book Publication Award
This book contains a collection of eight annotated translations of responsa, alongside the original Hebrew texts, focusing on the post-expulsion Spanish-Portuguese communities of the sixteenth to seventeenth centuries. This collection will acquaint the reader with Jews who, following their expulsion, settled in the Ottoman Empire, in Palestine under the Mamluks, in Amsterdam and in Brazil. The period of the expulsion of the Jews from the Iberian Peninsula was a tragic time in Jewish history, but the revitalization of the post-expulsion Spanish-Portuguese Jewish communities in new locales is testimony to the human spirit and determination.
The volume includes eight chapters, each built around one responsum from one of the great halakhic authorities of the time. Topics include excommunication in Amsterdam, ʻ
agunot , inheritance rights of a converso son, obligatory contracts and breach of agreement, heresy and humanist scholarship, informing on someone to the Venetian Inquisition, and more
eBook
Justice in the marketplace in early modern Spain
Justice in the Marketplace in Early Modern Spain examines two late scholastic economic treatises, the Provechoso tratado de cambios of Cristóbal de Villalón (1542) and the Instrución de mercaderes of Saravia de la Calle (1544). It does this in the context of the two principal questions that economic historians pose concerning the economic literature of the Spanish late scholastics in general. Is there a clear link between this literature and modern economic science, and does it manifest a free market orientation? Michael D’Emic draws two conclusions. First, there is a palpable relationship between the work of these two authors and modern economic analysis, particularly that of financial economics. Second, the authors fundamentally disagreed on most questions, mostly concerning the justice of the free market. Villalón condemns the workings of the market and refuses to allow any possibility that the profit motive may be morally neutral. With considerable clarity, he articulates a cost of production theory of value and advocates a system of prices based upon labor and cost and administered by civil authority. Saravia counters with an elegant expression of the utility theory of value and argues with logical force that prices established by the workings of the market are fundamentally just. He allows considerable moral latitude to the pursuit of profit, which he regards as spiritually dangerous but not necessarily evil. Through the lens of their opposing views on economic value, the market price, and what does or does not constitute the sin of ‘usury,’ the authors, with astonishing technical acumen, observe, analyze, and pass moral judgment on a remarkably wide range of complex transactions, most of which have counterparts in twenty-first century financial markets. In the process, they tackle problems that still bedevil economists and accountants in our own day, such as the difference between a sale and a borrowing, the ‘just’ value of future income flows, and the presence of asymmetrical information in pricing. The result is a vivid record of the color and texture of early modern economic life that reveals a surprising degree of financial sophistication that the present book makes accessible to the modern reader.
eBook
Radicals in exile : English Catholic books during the reign of Philip II
Facing persecution in early modern England, some Catholics chose exile over conformity. Some even cast their lot with foreign monarchs rather than wait for their own rulers to have a change of heart. This book studies the relationship forged by English exiles and Philip II of Spain. It shows how these expatriates, known as the \"Spanish Elizabethans,\" used the most powerful tools at their disposal—paper, pens, and presses—to incite war against England during the \"messianic\" phase of Philip's reign, from the years leading up to the Grand Armada until the king's death in 1598. Freddy Cristóbal Domínguez looks at English Catholic propaganda within its international and transnational contexts. He examines a range of long-neglected polemical texts, demonstrating their prominence during an important moment of early modern politico-religious strife and exploring the transnational dynamic of early modern polemics and the flexible rhetorical approaches required by exile. He concludes that while these exiles may have lived on the margins, their books were central to early modern Spanish politics and are key to understanding the broader narrative of the Counter-Reformation. Deeply researched and highly original, Radicals in Exile makes an important contribution to the study of religious exile in early modern Europe. It will be welcomed by historians of early modern Iberian and English politics and religion as well as scholars of book history.
eBook
The rise and fall of Spain (1270-1850)
Two distinctive regimes are distinguished in Spain over half a millennium. The first one (1270s-1590s) corresponds to a high land-labour ratio frontier economy, which is pastoral, trade-oriented, and led by towns. Wages and food consumption were relatively high. Sustained per capita growth occurred from the end of the Reconquest (1264) to the Black Death (1340s) and resumed from the 1390s only broken by late fifteenth-century turmoil. A second regime (1600s-1810s) corresponds to a more agricultural and densely populated low-wage economy which, although it grew at a pace similar to that of 1270-1600, remained at a lower level. Contrary to preindustrial western Europe, Spain achieved its highest living standards in the 1340s, not by mid-fifteenth century. Although its death toll was lower, the plague had a more damaging impact on Spain and, far from releasing non-existent demographic pressure, destroyed the equilibrium between scarce population and abundant resources. Pre-1350 per capita income was reached by the late sixteenth century but only exceeded after 1820.
Journal Article
Religious authority in the Spanish Renaissance
Through analyses of Inquisition trials, biblical translations, treatises on witchcraft, and tracts on the episcopate and penance, Homza illuminates the intellectual autonomy and energy of Spain's ecclesiastics, exploring the flexibility and inconsistency in their preferences for humanism or scholasticism, preferences which have long been thought to be steadfast.
eBook
God Made Word
The Golden Age of Spanish mysticism has traditionally been read in terms of individual authors or theological traditions. God Made Word , however, considers early modern Spanish mysticism as a question of language and as a discourse that circulated in concrete social, institutional, and geographic spaces.
Proposing a new reading of early modern Spanish mysticism, God Made Word traces the struggles over the representation of interiorized spiritual union – the tension between making it known and conveying its unknowability – far beyond the usual canon of mystic literature. Dale Shuger combines a study of genres that have traditionally been the object of literary study, including poetry, theatre, and autobiography, with a language-based analysis of other areas that have largely been studied by historians and theologians. Arguing that these generic separations grew out of an increasing preoccupation with the cultivation and control of interiorized spirituality, God Made Word shows that by tracing certain mystic representations we come to understand the emergence of different discursive rules and expectations for a wide range of representations of the ineffable.
eBook