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The Spanish American Crónica Modernista, Temporality and Material Culture
This study explores how Spanish American modernista writers incorporated journalistic formalities and industry models through the crónica genre to advance their literary preoccupations. Through a variety of modernista writers, including José Martí, Amado Nervo, Manuel Gutiérrez Nájera and Rubén Darío, Reynolds argues that extra-textual elements—such as temporality, the material formats of the newspaper and book, and editorial influence—animate the modernista movement’s literary ambitions and aesthetic ideology. Thus, instead of being stripped of an esteemed place in the literary sphere due to participation in the market-based newspaper industry, journalism actually brought modernismo closer to the writers’ desired artistic autonomy. Reynolds uncovers an original philosophical and sociological dimension of the literary forms that govern modernista studies, situating literary journalism of the movement within historical, economic and temporal contexts. Furthermore, he demonstrates that journalism of the movement was eventually consecrated in book form, revealing modernista intentionality for their mass-produced, seemingly utilitarian journalistic articles. The Spanish American Crónica Modernista, Temporality, and Material Culture thereby enables a better understanding of how the material textuality of the crónica impacts its interpretation and readership.
eBook
Addison's “Sheetful of Thoughts” and Clavijo's “Pensamientos”: An Instance of Transnational Emulation
While the ascendancy of the British periodical The Spectator (1711) on the Spanish El Pensador (1762) has been hinted at before, this essay offers a closer look at the first issues of Joseph Addison's and José Clavijo y Fajardo's papers. Conspicuous parallelisms are revealed, such as the sketchy journalistic self-portrait of the author editor, intended to “gratify the curiosity” of the reader. Both editors seek to entertain their audiences and set themselves up as moral guides. The similarities testify that fifty years later, Clavijo sought to emulate the success of The Spectator (which he most certainly accessed through Miravaux's French translation, Le Spectateur Français, 1722–1723) by wittingly blending Addison's Thoughts with his own Pensamientos. The main difference and mayor asset of Clavijo consists in cleverly adapting it to the circumstances of his country and times. However, the question remains up to which point this can be considered in line with general eighteenth century practice of—transnational—emulation before the consolidation of author's copyright, or whether it verges on plagiarism, especially since no credit is given to Addison.
Journal Article
Forms Of Address In The Popular Press: A Comparison of Spain, Mexico and the United States
Address pronouns and their semantic implications have been the subject of numerous studies since Brown and Gilman (1960). Forms of address reflect relationships of asymmetry and symmetry, and advertisers' practices in regard to second-person pronoun usage hold interest for at least two reasons. First, they can serve as evidence for changes in speech community norms. Second, they can show how advertisers attempt to manipulate consumers through metaphoric appeals to the domains and contexts associated with each form of address. A comparison of forms of address in magazines and newspapers in Spain, Mexico, and the United States reveals certain correlations with speech patterns in those three countries, as well as with the products and services advertised.
Journal Article
Mental Health Stigma Among Spanish-Speaking Latinos in Baltimore, Maryland
To assess mental health-related stigma in an emerging Latino immigrant community and explore demographic characteristics associated with stigma. We surveyed 367 Spanish-speaking Latino adults recruited at community-based venues in Baltimore, Maryland. The survey included sociodemographic questions, the Depression Knowledge Measure, Personal Stigma Scale, and the Stigma Concerns about Mental Health Care (SCMHC) assessment. Multiple regression models examining associations between personal stigma and stigma concerns about mental health care, respectively, were constructed using variables that were statistically significant in bivariate analyses. Being male, having less than high school education, reporting high importance of religion, and having lower depression knowledge contributed to higher personal stigma. When controlling for other variables, only depression knowledge contributed unique variance to the prediction of higher SCMHC. Efforts to improve access to and quality of mental health care must be paralleled by ongoing efforts to reduce depression stigma within emergent immigrant Latino communities.
Journal Article
The Production of Subject Anaphoric Expressions in Italian and Mexican Spanish: A Forced-Choice Experimental Study
We compare the production of anaphoric expressions in Spanish and Italian. In two sentence completion tasks, Spanish and Italian-speaking participants complete sentence fragments where we manipulate the location of the antecedents (in a main or subordinate clause), the gender of the antecedents (similar or different) and the referent of the anaphoric expression (subject or object antecedent). Our results show a weaker subject bias for null pronouns and a weaker object bias for overt pronouns in Spanish compared to Italian. In addition, a thetic interpretation of the initial (subordinate) clause decreases the accessibility of the subject antecedent, leading to an increased use of noun phrases when there is gender-similarity between antecedents. By including gender dissimilar antecedents, we further observe an increase in speakers’ production of overt pronouns when reference to an object antecedent is expected.
Journal Article