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"Spatial behavior England London."
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Cultural capitals : early modern London and Paris
'Cultural Capitals' is a fascinating work of literary and cultural history that redefines our conception of when modern city came to be and brings early modern London and Paris alive in all their splendour, squalor, and richness.
Book
The Distribution of London Residential Property Prices and the Role of Spatial Lock-in
Much of mainstream economic analysis assumes that markets adjust smoothly, through prices, to changes in economic conditions. However, this is not necessarily the case for local housing markets, whose spatial structures may exhibit persistence, so that conditions may not be those most suited to the requirements of modern-day living. Persistence can arise from the existence of transaction costs. The paper tests the proposition that housing markets in Inner London exhibit a degree of path dependence, through the construction of a three-equation model, and examines the impact of variables constructed for the 19th and early 20th centuries on modern house prices. These include 19th-century social structures, slum clearance programmes and the 1908 underground network. Each is found to be significant. The tests require the construction of novel historical datasets, which are also described in the paper.
Journal Article
Evidence of Gentrification-induced Displacement among Social Services in London and Los Angeles
This paper addresses two key gaps within the gentrification/displacement literature: whether gentrification is displacing social services and whether displacement patterns differ comparatively. To this end, evidence is examined of gentrification-induced displacement of 81 purposively sampled social service facilities across gentrifying boroughs in London (Islington, Lambeth, Southwark and Westminster) and areas in Los Angeles (Downtown, Hollywood, Santa Monica and Venice) during the 1998-2008 period. Results suggested that substantial entrapment co-exists alongside displacement and, in fact, was more commonplace.
Journal Article
Suicide and Parasuicide in London: A Small-area Study
This study discusses variability in the spatial prevalence of suicide and parasuicide across small areas in London in relation to the social and demographic composition of their populations. The focus is on the relative importance in explaining suicidal outcomes of variables representing respectively social deprivation, psychiatric morbidity and anomie (or community fragmentation), and of differentiation in the effects of these factors across sub-populations. There is strong evidence for such contextual effects—namely, varying effects of these socio-economic factors according to geographical setting—as well as for differential associations by age group, sex and type of outcome (suicide vs parasuicide).
Journal Article
An analysis of trip chaining among older London residents
This paper examines the trip chaining complexity of individuals in London. We adopt two definitions of trip chaining. One based on a 30 min dwell time rule and a second based on home-to-home tours. Our focus is on the complexity of the trip chains as measured by the number of stops on a given tour. The analysis uses the London Area Travel Survey and examines the factors associated with trip chaining for people aged over 65. A comparison with those aged under 65 reveals that older people on average make more complex tours when the 30 min dwell time rule is applied as opposed to when the home-to-home definition is applied. It is further shown that the anchor points of the tour are critical for determining tour complexity, suggesting the usefulness of the 30 min definition. Our analysis also suggests that older people reduce total home-to-home tours by combining different trips into single tours. Through descriptive analysis and ordered probit regression models we examine how reported levels of disability affect their trip chaining and we examine household demographic characteristics as well as proxies for accessibility, such as local population density. The analysis shows that disabilities do not necessarily lead to reduced tour complexity except when walking difficulties become so severe that independent travel is not possible. We suggest that tour complexity might further increase in the future, for example as the spread of mobile phone usage appears to have a further positive influence on tour complexity. Implications for land-use and transport planning are discussed.
Journal Article
An Anatomy of Urban Terror: Lessons from Jerusalem and Elsewhere
This paper examines the increased prevalence of urban terror and its spatial implications. Urban terror concerns territory, space and logistics, and is characterised by lowintensity, ambiguously bounded warfare. It is defined as attacks intentionally directed against non-combatants and key installations located in high-density, continuously developed, diversified environments. The research traces the collective experience of London, Moscow and Istanbul with extended attention paid to Jerusalem. Four patterns of urban terror are identified and used to conduct the analysis. These consist of terrorist attempts to: decontrol urban territory, cause instability and demonstrate vulnerability; launch repetitive attacks on specific spaces in order to create conditions of chaos; achieve proximity and access to targets; and, finally, a response to terror by authorities based on surveillance, partition, closure and shrinkage of urban space. A final section consists of analysing terror's impact on the economy and future of cities.
Journal Article
Cityscapes: Consumption, Masculinities and the Mapping of London since 1950
During the 1950s, the UK government's attempts to regulate homosexual practices led to the application of social science techniques to social surveillance of supposed male homosexuals. This led to a re-mapping, both physically and symbolically, of central London in terms of irregular sexualities.
Journal Article
Talmudic Territory? Space, Law, and Modernist Discourse
Explores the conflict engendered by attempts in the London Borough of Barnet to install an eruv - a Talmudic, symbolic perimeter within which Jewish Sabbath law is less restrictive. Proponents argue that since nobody would be unduly inconvenienced, there are no grounds for refusal, but critics disagree. Examines why the proposal generated powerful, hostile feelings. What social meanings underpinned the depiction of this planning application as an aggressive territorial initiative? Considers the impact of the legal process on the discursive form the conflict took and analyses the eruv's representation within modernist discourse. Focuses on three sites of tension: conceptions of space and demography; the public status of difference; the problematic of governance and nation building.
Journal Article