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"Spatial design"
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Space-Shaping Through Rhythmic Interventions for Teaching and Learning: Pedagogical Perspectives
We explore the challenges and opportunities relevant to rhythmanalytical approaches in teaching and learning through two socio-spatial and design-oriented courses with graduate and undergraduate students. Through the courses we investigate how different understandings and analyses of rhythms-through-space in comparison to rhythms-in-space generate different patterns of interventions. We also share prospects for preparing and structuring future teaching and learning that integrate time-sensitivity through constructively aligned activities supporting the development of different forms of knowledge. This work supports recent calls for greater attention to how temporality and particularly rhythms could be better understood, observed, framed, and conveyed. In the foreground is the need to improve how we guide students’ research through design-oriented learning experiences. For this we provide frameworks bringing together concepts from rhythmanalysis and constructive alignment. We draw on comparative and case study experiences from 2022 and the winter of 2023/2024 involving interdisciplinary bachelor-level and master-level courses, respectively. Our cases wrangle with the relationships between socio-spatial and temporal scales that steer or constrain rhythmic patterns expressed in students’ analyses and design interventions. From an instructional standpoint, this contribution poses the question: Which conceptual structures in design-oriented pedagogy could support rhythmanalytical approaches and capacities for future spatial planners and designers? Our final reflections discuss opportunities for improvement and evaluate how future planning pedagogy research and work could build on our experiences.
Journal Article
Understanding the Effects of Virtual Reality System Usage on Spatial Perception: The Potential Impacts of Immersive Virtual Reality on Spatial Design Decisions
The main component of any Virtual Reality (VR) system is the human user. The ways in which a VR system shapes human experience can affect design outcomes. This research explores the differences in spatial perception between an immersive Virtual Reality Interactive Environment (IVRIE) and traditional Virtual Reality (also known as a desktop-based Virtual Reality system, abbreviated herein as the DT system). Spatial perception and the cognition of the spatial factors of virtual spaces were studied based on different features of the two systems, including the sense of immersion, forms of interaction, experience of human scale, and movement through virtual spaces. This study focused on determining how users’ spatial decision making and performance were affected by differences in spatial perception created by the IVRIE and DT systems. Factors examined included the differences between and within the two virtual systems, based on differences in texture, system usage sequence, and the complexity of the experiential/spatial guidelines. Descriptive and inferential statistical testing using quantitative and qualitative data were used to find differences in spatial perception and decision making. The results showed significant space size variations produced by participants between and within the two different VR systems.
Journal Article
Learning-by-Moving: Can Reconfiguring Spatial Proximity Between Organizational Members Promote Individual-level Exploration?
This research proposes that individual-level exploration can be promoted by reconfiguring the spatial proximity between organizational members’ workspaces. To test this idea, I exploit a natural experiment in an e-commerce company where the spatial distances between organizational members’ workspaces were reconfigured. Consistent with the theory I develop on learning, results suggest that individuals whose workspaces were moved closer to those of previously separated peers engaged in more individual-level exploration. This pattern was stronger for individuals who had higher prior organizational experience and those who did not have ties with previously separated peers. Finally, I found that the relocated individuals also achieved higher financial performance. Overall, this study highlights the importance of an underexamined organization design element—spatial design—and its implications for organizational learning, individual-level exploration, and firm performance.
The online appendix is available at
https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2019.1291
.
Journal Article
User Performance in Virtual Reality Environments: The Capability of Immersive Virtual Reality Systems in Enhancing User Spatial Awareness and Producing Consistent Design Results
Spatial decision-making in different virtual environments may vary based on the levels of spatial awareness experienced within Virtual Reality (VR) systems. Features and characteristics of VR systems may act as facilitators or distractors of spatial awareness, which can result in extreme variations in user spatial decisions. This research explored the capability of an Immersive Virtual Reality Interactive Environment (IVRIE) and a desktop-based VR (DT system) in reducing extreme variations in spatial decisions and inconsistent design results. Users’ spatial decisions, performance, and design results in both systems were studied regarding the impact of these two systems’ features on users, including the sense of immersion, types of interaction, and usage of eye-level view in spatial designs. The design results produced in both systems were compared considering the types of enclosure, surface texture, scale, and spatial function. Descriptive and inferential statistical comparisons and testing using quantitative and qualitative data were applied to determine participants’ performance regarding the production of spatial outliers in each system. The results showed that IVRIE was more effective than the DT system fostering a consistency of space sizes and reducing outliers.
Journal Article
Dynamic Design of 3D Structures in Indoor and Outdoor Spaces by Integrating Perceptual and Behavioral Correlation Methods
Redefining the intersection of user perception and spatial design, this research introduces a sophisticated design methodology that integrates quantitative visual perception analysis with user behavior insights to optimize spatial configurations. Conducted across 15 communities in City H, the study employs a mix of questionnaires and observational tactics to identify how design elements correlate with user engagement. Findings reveal that environmental qualities, such as tranquility and clear signage, alongside the density of fitness equipment, significantly affect residents’ activity patterns, with a notable correlation (R²=0.727) between equipment density and spontaneous activity levels. This method promises enhanced space efficiency and user satisfaction by weaving user feedback into the spatial design process, offering a novel paradigm for spatial design innovation.
Journal Article
A review of applied research on low-carbon urban design: based on scientific knowledge mapping
The construction of low-carbon cities is an essential component of sustainable urban development. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive low-carbon city design and evaluation system that incorporates “
carbon sink accounting—remote sensing monitoring—numerical modelling—design and application
” in an all-around linkage, multi-scale coupling, and localized effects. This paper utilizes the Citespace tool to evaluate low-carbon city design applications by analyzing literature in the Web of Science (WOS) core collection database. The results reveal that low-carbon cities undergo four stages: “
measurement—implementation—regulation – management
.” The research themes are divided into three core clustering evolutionary pathways: “
extension of carbon sink functions
,” “
spatialisation of carbon sink systems
,” and “
full-cycle, full-dimensional decarbonisation
.” Applications include “
Utility studies of multi-scale carbon sink assessments
,” “
Correlation analysis of carbon sink influencing factors
,” “
Predictive characterisation of multiple planning scenarios
,” and “S
patial planning applications of urban sink enhancement
.” Future low-carbon city construction should incorporate intelligent algorithm technology in real-time to provide a strong design basis for multi-scale urban spatial design with the features of “high-precision accounting, full-cycle assessment and low-energy concept.”
Journal Article
Scale Estimation for Design Decisions in Virtual Environments: Understanding the Impact of User Characteristics on Spatial Perception in Immersive Virtual Reality Systems
User spatial perception in different virtual environments may vary based on specific user characteristics and the features of the Virtual Reality (VR) system. This research explored the impacts of user characteristics such as age, gender, and design knowledge on spatial decision-making by comparing an Immersive Virtual Reality Interactive Environment (IVRIE) with a traditional Virtual Reality system (also known as desktop-based Virtual Reality system, abbreviated herein as the DT system). Users’ spatial perceptions when using IVRIE and a DT system were studied with regard to the features of the different systems, including the types of immersion and interaction, users’ perceptions of human body scale, and how the environments were explored. The factors affecting the two systems included texture variation, type of enclosure, and spatial function. Inferential testing using quantitative data was applied to identify differences between the two systems in terms of participants’ actual design outcomes. The results showed that based on the type, spatial characteristics, and texture of spaces, perception filters could have both active and inactive roles in impacting the spatial decision-making of participants between the two systems. In addition, between the two systems, participant characteristics had more impact on size variations for both types of spaces—fully enclosed and corridors—for accommodating larger groups.
Journal Article
Temporary student housing as a driver of urban regeneration and territorial revitalisation
This essay explores the role of temporary student housing in urban regeneration and territorial revitalisation, focusing on adaptive reuse of abandoned buildings and underused spaces. It examines a feasibility study of a project in Lentate sul Seveso, Italy, where a former military park is being transformed into student housing and community spaces with funding from Italy’s National Recovery and Resilience Plan (PNRR). The essay highlights the potential of temporary housing to foster economic, social, and cultural revitalisation, while addressing student housing needs. It also underscores the critical role of universities in collaborating with local municipalities and communities to design inclusive, sustainable solutions for long-term urban recovery.
Journal Article