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Engineering documentation control/configuration management standards manual : policies, procedures, flow diagrams, forms and form instructions for product manufacturing companies
\" Describes the best of the best management practices for the configuration management processes\" -- Provided by publisher.
Book
TRASFORMAZIONE DELLA MATERIA E DUBBI GIURISPRUDENZIALI: UNA RILETTURA DI GAI. 2.79
The essay represents the first piece of a larger study. It analyzes Gai. 2.79, investigates the context and the expository scheme and goes through the reasons why Gaius considers problematic to found the juridical discipline of the specification on the naturalis ratio. The recognition of the examples of specification given by the jurist represents a mean for the comparison with the systematics of the Res cottidianae, in which the criterion of reversibility appears, stated in close connection with the consequences of fluvial changes.
Journal Article
Tolerance Specifications Management Integrated into the Product Development Cycle
In tolerancing activities focusing on the allocation of geometrical tolerances, many critical issues originate from the non-optimal assignment of responsibilities among the organization units involved. This paper aims to depict relations between different tolerancing activities and relevant specifications, assigning them to the proper actor and, therefore, expanding the ISO 8015:2011 “responsibility principle”. A classification among tolerancing activities, specifications, and media is proposed; a horizontal hierarchical framework among functional, manufacturing, and verification specifications and a vertical hierarchical framework along the supply chain are discussed. Examples of both hierarchical structures are presented.
Journal Article
Keyword-Assisted Topic Models
In recent years, fully automated content analysis based on probabilistic topic models has become popular among social scientists because of their scalability. However, researchers find that these models often fail to measure specific concepts of substantive interest by inadvertently creating multiple topics with similar content and combining distinct themes into a single topic. In this article, we empirically demonstrate that providing a small number of keywords can substantially enhance the measurement performance of topic models. An important advantage of the proposed keyword-assisted topic model (keyATM) is that the specification of keywords requires researchers to label topics prior to fitting a model to the data. This contrasts with a widespread practice of post hoc topic interpretation and adjustments that compromises the objectivity of empirical findings. In our application, we find that keyATM provides more interpretable results, has better document classification performance, and is less sensitive to the number of topics.
Journal Article
Multiple imputation of covariates by fully conditional specification: Accommodating the substantive model
Missing covariate data commonly occur in epidemiological and clinical research, and are often dealt with using multiple imputation. Imputation of partially observed covariates is complicated if the substantive model is non-linear (e.g. Cox proportional hazards model), or contains non-linear (e.g. squared) or interaction terms, and standard software implementations of multiple imputation may impute covariates from models that are incompatible with such substantive models. We show how imputation by fully conditional specification, a popular approach for performing multiple imputation, can be modified so that covariates are imputed from models which are compatible with the substantive model. We investigate through simulation the performance of this proposal, and compare it with existing approaches. Simulation results suggest our proposal gives consistent estimates for a range of common substantive models, including models which contain non-linear covariate effects or interactions, provided data are missing at random and the assumed imputation models are correctly specified and mutually compatible. Stata software implementing the approach is freely available.
Journal Article
A natural language-based method to specify privacy requirements: an evaluation with practitioners
Organisations are becoming concerned with effectively dealing with privacy-related requirements. Existing Requirements Engineering methods based on structured natural language suffer from several limitations both in eliciting and specifying privacy requirements. In our previous study, we proposed a structured natural-language approach called the “Privacy Criteria Method” (PCM), which demonstrates potential advantages over user stories. Our goal is to present a PCM evaluation that focused on the opinions of software practitioners from different companies on PCM’s ability to support the specification of privacy requirements and the quality of the privacy requirements specifications produced by these software practitioners. We conducted a multiple case study to evaluate PCM in four different industrial contexts. We gathered and analysed the opinions of 21 practitioners on PCM usage regarding Coverage, Applicability, Usefulness, and Scalability. Moreover, we assessed the syntactic and semantic quality of the PCM artifacts produced by these practitioners. PCM can aid developers in elaborating requirements specifications focused on privacy with good quality. The practitioners found PCM to be useful for their companies’ development processes. PCM is considered a promising method for specifying privacy requirements. Some slight extensions of PCM may be required to tailor the method to the characteristics of the company.
Journal Article
Design of 64 V 24 Ah Battery Pack with Li-Ion 1865 Cells for Two-Wheels Electric Vehicle
Electric vehicles have become increasingly popular in recent years, including in Indonesia. Many manufacturers are starting to produce their own versions of electric vehicles, including two-wheeled electric vehicles. Two-wheeled electric vehicles are known to be popular in Indonesia since it is used for running errands and other daily routines. As the popularity grows, the variety of battery packs are being produced and distributed. Battery packs variety is due to the lack of standardization in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aims to develop a battery with specifications of 64V and 24 Ah capacity. Test results show that the developed battery achieves a voltage of 69.67V when fully charged and a total capacity of 23.36 Ah. Dyno testing also demonstrates that the battery can generate power up to 1.54 HP with a maximum speed of 34 km/h. These specifications make the two-wheeled electric vehicles to be expected to travel further than others that are currently available in the market.
Journal Article
Evaluating a privacy requirements specification method by using a mixed-method approach: results and lessons learned
Although agile software development (ASD) has been adopted in the industry, requirements approaches for ASD still neglect non-functional requirements. Privacy has become a concern due to new user demands and data protection laws. Hence, privacy needs to be properly specified, but agile requirements engineering techniques do not explicitly represent privacy requirements and, therefore, are not able to proper analyze such requirements. In this context, Privacy Criteria Method (PCM), an approach to specify privacy in requirements activities, was proposed to produce more complete and detailed privacy requirements. By considering PCM a promising approach to be used in ASD and the importance of empirical evaluation of new methods, we have as objectives: 1 evaluate the ability of PCM to support systems analysts in specifying privacy requirements when used in conjunction with some agile specification methods; and 2 show our lessons learned in conducting empirical research based on an mix-method approach defined to empirically evaluate the suitability of a requirements specification in specifying privacy requirements. Mixed-method approach is a controlled experiment as a quantitative evaluation and a feasibility study (questionnaire and task analysis based) study as a qualitative and quantitative evaluation. The requirements specifications following PCM allow to represent privacy aspects, such as user’s personal data and the privacy mechanism that can be used to mitigate a privacy risk scenario. We also observed that some extra time is necessary to specify privacy requirements with PCM, but it does not imply a greater perceived effort. Specifications produced with PCM are of good quality and more privacy detailed. Additionally, we attest to the importance of conducting empirical research to evaluate new methods. PCM assists in specifying more complete and detailed in relation to traditional techniques used in ASD, which facilitates communication between the requirements analysts and developers.
Journal Article
Spectra: a specification language for reactive systems
We introduce Spectra, a new specification language for reactive systems, specifically tailored for the context of reactive synthesis. The meaning of Spectra is defined by a translation to a kernel language. Spectra comes with the Spectra Tools, a set of analyses, including a synthesizer to obtain a correct-by-construction implementation, several means for executing the resulting controller, and additional analyses aimed at helping engineers write higher-quality specifications. We present the language in detail and give an overview of its tool set. Together with the language and its tool set, we present four collections of many, non-trivial, large specifications, written by undergraduate computer science students for the development of autonomous Lego robots and additional example reactive systems. The collected specifications can serve as benchmarks for future studies on reactive synthesis. We present the specifications, with observations and lessons learned about the potential use of reactive synthesis by software engineers.
Journal Article
A TEST FOR INSTRUMENT VALIDITY
This paper develops a specification test for instrument validity in the heterogeneous treatment effect model with a binary treatment and a discrete instrument. The strongest testable implication for instrument validity is given by the condition for nonnegativity of point-identifiable compilers' outcome densities. Our specification test infers this testable implication using a variance-weighted Kolmogorov-Smirnov test statistic. The test can be applied to both discrete and continuous outcome cases, and an extension of the test to settings with conditioning covariates is provided.
Journal Article