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Two simple, sensitive, precise and specific UV spectrophotometric methods for simultaneous estimation of tolperisone hydrochloride and diclofenac sodium in bulk and combined tablet dosage form have been developed using distilled water as solvent. Determination using the simultaneous equation method was at wavelength 261 nm and 276 nm. The Q –absorbance ratio method involved the formation of equation at 293.5 nm (isoabsorptive point) and at 261 nm (λmax of tolperisone hydrochloride). The linearity ranges for tolperisone hydrochloride and diclofenac sodium were 621 μg/ml and 2–7 μg/ml respectively. The accuracy of the methods was assessed by recovery studies and was found to be 100.28 ± 0.32 and 99.46 ± 0.31 for simultaneous equation method and 100.44 ± 0.18 and 99.44 ± 0.16 for Q absorbance ratio method for tolperisone hydrochloride and diclofenac sodium, respectively. Results of marketed formulation shows that these methods can be applied successfully to marketed formulation.

A stability indicating UV spectrophotometric method has been developed and validated for the estimation of voglibose in pharmaceutical preperation. The proposed method utilized 0.1 N NaOH as solvent and detection was carried out at 214.5nm. Experiments were designed for determining linearity, limit of detection and quantitation, accuracy, precision and specificity of this analytical method. The stability studies of voglibose was carried out under acid, alkaline, thermal, oxidative and photolytic. The responses were linear in the concentration range of 5-25µg/ml with correlation coefficient of 0.9997. The % RSD for both inter-day and intra-day precision were less than 2%. The recovery of drug from sample was found to be 99.6-100.4%. Although the degradation products of stress condition had not been identified, the method had been able to detect the changes due to stress condition. The stated method can be used as stability indicating method with high degree of linearity, accuracy and precision for assay of voglibose in routine pharmaceutical analysis of tablet formulation. The method was found to be simple and cost effective. Hence this method can be successfully used to study stress degradation behavior of voglibose in small industry where high end instruments are not available.

Bilastine binds with H1 receptor and prevents the activation of H1 receptor by histamine. [...]it acts as an antagonist for histamine. [...]it is useful for treating patients suffering with renal/ hepatic dysfunction 6. First set of stock solutions were diluted with 0.1M NaOH, second set with phosphate buffer (pH 2.0) and the third set with distilled water upto the mark. Three simple, fast, accurate, precise, economic and sensitive UV-spectrophotometric methods were developed for the estimation of Bilastine in both bulk and pharmaceutical formulation. [...]the methods can be successfully employed for routine analysis of Bilastine in QC laboratories.

Sulphite is a food additive used worldwide. Globally, for concentrations above 10 mg·kg–1, sulphite compounds must be labelled as sulphur dioxide (SO2) on the packaging due to their potential health risks. This study compares spectrophotometric (S), titration (T) (modified optimised Monier-Williams, OMW), and reflectoquant (R) methods for measuring sulphur dioxide in twenty fruit and vegetable products. The samples comprise sulphited, unsulphited, and naturally sulphur-containing products (Alliumgenus such as garlic and onion). The article discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the method used. Allium genus samples yielded false-positive results, especially in fresh garlic samples with average SO2 concentrations of 46, 1 152, and 40 mg·kg–1 obtained by titration, spectrophotometric, and reflectoquant methods, respectively, therefore, none of the methods is suitable for testing this type of vegetables or products containing a low proportion of them. For other types of samples, the methods showed acceptable working characteristics. Recovery tests showed 89.5, 82.0, and 75.2% recovery with 2.8, 3.9, and 13.2% repeatability and the limit of quantification of 1, 10, and 25 mg·kg–1 in the spectrophotometric, titration, and reflectoquant methods. The result highlights the importance of method selection based on sample characteristics and regulatory compliance.

Five sustainable and validated UV spectrophotometric methods were developed for analyzing chloramphenicol (CHL) and dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) in pure and ophthalmic dosage forms. CHL was detected by zero order spectra method at 292.0 nm in the range 2.00–32.00 µg/mL with limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of 0.96 and 2.88, respectively. DSP was analyzed using the following four techniques: Induce dual wavelength (IDW), fourier self-deconvolution (FSD), ratio difference (RD), and derivative ratio (DD 1 ). The IDW method used at 239.0 and 254.0 nm with a linearity range of 4.00–40.00 µg/mL with LOD and LOQ values were 0.93 and 2.79, respectively. The FSD approach used at 242.0 nm, with a linearity range of 2.00–32.00 µg/mL and 0.65, 1.95 as values of LOD and LOQ, respectively. In the linearity range of 4.00–32.00 µg/mL, RD and DD 1 are applied. RD is utilized at 225.0–240.0 nm, while DD 1 is carried out at 249.0 nm. Values of LOD and LOQ for RD were 0.70 and 2.10 while for DD 1 were 0.80 and 2.40, respectively. These methods were evaluated for their environmental sustainability and validated according to ICH guidelines, overcoming challenges like spectral overlap and collinearity. Statistical comparisons with published methods revealed no significant differences.

A new simple and rapid spectrophotometric method for determination the accurate amount of vitamin C containedin pharmaceutical samples has been developed. The ferric chloride is reduced by vitamin C and then reacts with potassium ferricyanide to create a dark blue solution of Prussian blue. The resulted color was observant at the absorption wavelength of 697nm. Optimum reaction conditions of Ferric chloride, Potassium Ferricyanide concentrations, reaction time, temperature and pH where investigated. Influence of potential interfering substances were also examined.Analyzes of commercial pharmaceutical samples showed good correlation with the valuesgiven by the manufacturers and the results obtained by a titration method with Iodine. The apparent molar absorptivity value is found to be 3.25 × 103. The results of analysis have been validated statistically, with good correlation coefficient (0.999). The proposed method has better LOD and LOQ values than many methods used to determine vitamin C in pharmaceutical forms.

Objectives: To develop a method that meets the requirements as per ICH guidelines for validation and can be used as simple, specific, economical, and repeatable for routine quality control analysis of formulations containing Posaconazole. Materials and Methods: The maximum absorbance of Posaconazole was successfully recorded using a precise 1:1 ratio of binary solvent system Methanol: Buffersolution pH 7.4 at 262nm. Results: After a preliminary physicochemical investigation the precipitation of the Posaconazole issue was resolved using a precise 1:1 ratio of binary solvent system Methanol: Buffersolution pH 7.4. Development and validation of the analytical method was done using the same binary solvent system. The maximum absorbance with this solvent system was found at 262nm, while the calibration curve shows a Regression coefficient (R2) of about 0.9984 for its linearity in the concentration range of 2.5 to 15µ/ml. The developed method was validated and meets the requirements as per ICH (International Conference for Harmonization) guidelines where the Limit of Detection (LOD) as well as Limit of Quantification (LOQ) were noted as 0.74µ/ml and 2.25µ/ml. Percentage recovery was within the permissible range (with a % relative standard deviation of less than 2.0). Conclusion: The results from validation parameters specifically accuracy or % recovery and robustness study reveal that the developed method meets the requirements and can be used as simple, specific, economical, and repeatable for routine quality control analysis of formulations containing Posaconazole.

Current studies have found that butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) replaces the biological function of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the late stage of Alzheimer’s disease. Species in the genus of Fallopia, rich in polyphenols with diverse chemical structures and significant biological activities, are considered as an important resource for screening natural products to against AD. In this study, thirty-four compounds (1–34) were isolated from Fallopia dentatoalata (Fr. Schm.) Holub, and their inhibitory effects against AChE and BuChE were assessed. Compounds of the phenylpropanoid sucrose ester class emerged as the most promising members of the group, with 31–33 displaying moderate AChE inhibition (IC50 values ranging from 30.6 ± 4.7 to 56.0 ± 2.4 µM) and 30–34 showing potential inhibitory effects against BuChE (IC50 values ranging from 2.7 ± 1.7 to 17.1 ± 3.4 µM). Tacrine was used as a positive control (IC50: 126.7 ± 1.1 in AChE and 5.5 ± 1.7 nM in BuChE). Kinetic analysis highlighted compounds 31 and 32 as non-competitive inhibitors of AChE with Ki values of ∼30.0 and ∼34.4 µM, whilst 30–34 were revealed to competitively inhibit BuChE with Ki values ranging from ∼1.8 to ∼17.5 µM. Molecular binding studies demonstrated that 30–34 bound to the catalytic sites of BuChE with negative binding energies. The strong agreement between both in vitro and in silico studies highlights the phenylpropanoid sucrose esters 30–34 as promising candidates for use in future anti-cholinesterase therapeutics against Alzheimer’s disease.

Simple, rapid, and reproducible UV spectrophotometric methods were developed and validated for the estimation of trimetazidine hydrochloride in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation. Spectral scan was conducted in the UV‐Vis range of 200–400 nm, and the quantification of trimetazidine was done at 230 nm in five distinct solvent systems. Phosphate buffer of pH 6.8, hydrochloric acid buffer of pH 2, a 50:50 mixture of phosphate buffer and methanol (50:50; v / v ), a 50:50 mixture of hydrochloric acid buffer and methanol (50:50; v / v ), and methanol were selected as solvent systems after completing the stability study for five consecutive days. Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range approximately 5–50 μ g∙mL −1 ( R 2 = 0.997). All validation parameters like linearity, sensitivity, precision, accuracy, specificity, and robustness were tested according to ICH guidelines. The limits of detection and quantification were determined to be between 0.3 and 1.7 μ g mL−1 and 1.12 and 3.70 μ g∙mL−1, respectively. The aforementioned techniques were directly implemented in the analysis of the commercial pharmaceutical formulations. The results revealed that the approach is easily reproducible, accurate, and precise with a value of relative standard deviation < 2 % , at the same time simple, economic, and less time‐consuming. Therefore, these methods can be properly employed for quantification of trimetazidine in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms, and among five solvent systems, two solvent systems (phosphate buffer and hydrochloric acid buffer) can be used for dissolution experiments.