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Speech communities
\"The study of speech communities is central to the understanding of human language and meaning. Speech communities are groups that share values and attitudes about language use, varieties and practices. These communities develop through prolonged interaction among those who operate within these shared and recognized beliefs and value systems regarding forms and styles of communication\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
(Re)generation of Speech Community
Of Chebanne’s many scholarly contributions, I have been inspired by his work on language use among ethnic minorities. Based on my anthropological research among the G|ui and G||ana, this paper examines the social situations in which their languages are imitated. Through this analysis, I show that not only recording imitable grammar and vocabulary but also maintaining activities and places to use such linguistic resources contributes greatly to the reproduction of the speech community. Furthermore, I will argue that the key to promoting the regeneration of a speech community is to activate language practices not only through formal education but also through informal socialization and nonformal education.
Journal Article
Language Attitudes and Ethnic Language Loss in Algeria: The Case of the Chaoui Variety Among Young Users in the City of Oran
This article surveys language use in the city of Oran, Algeria. It aimed to study the language attitudes of a small community of Chaoui speakers towards their language with the other languages spoken in the city, namely Standard Arabic, Algerian Arabic, and French. The results showed that though the Chaoui speech community is still emotionally attached to its ethnic language and considers it part and parcel of its identity, the Chaoui language is clearly witnessing a decline, which might eventually lead to death. The other languages, however, maintain themselves thanks to tight domain division, whereby Standard Arabic is used in official and formal situations, French, in the sciences, and Algerian Arabic, in informal interpersonal communication. The study concludes by stressing the role of schools in maintaining the country’s ethnic languages to allow them to survive outside their regions.
Journal Article
The Use of Symbolic Language in Caci Aesthetic Performance, Indonesia
This article aims to analyze the message behind the verbal and nonverbal symbolic language used in the Caci performance of the Manggarai speech community. Caci is a traditional performing art that combines theatrical aesthetics, costume, music, and literature. The theory of Semiotics is used to analyze verbal and nonverbal symbols in this research. This theory focuses on the meaning relation between the signifier and the signified. The relation between the signifier and the signified gets a whole meaning when connected with society’s cultural context. The method used is a qualitative approach and a phenomenological method. Forty people were selected as respondents using the techniques of purposive sampling and snowball sampling. Data were collected through audiovisual recordings, documenting, observing, and interviewing, and then data were analyzed qualitatively. The findings of this study demonstrate (1) verbal and nonverbal symbolic language use in Caci’s aesthetic performance, which is classified into three aesthetic categories (individual aesthetic, the aesthetic as creative ideas, and the aesthetic as collective art) and (2) symbolic language of Caci performance costumes as the inheritance of six philosophical values. These two findings conclude that in Caci’s aesthetics, the construction of symbolic language is expressed in both verbal and nonverbal manifestations. The Caci performances manifest verbal, symbolic language forms using “paci/lomés” and traditional rite speeches. Meanwhile, nonverbal symbols are depicted in Caci properties, such as panggal, destar, ndéki, nggorong, slépé, songké, white trousers, nggiling, korét, kalus, tubi rapa, gendang, and nggong. The Caci performance conveys philosophic values: sportsmanship, purity, intelligence, masculinity, and power.
Journal Article
Linguistic Borrowing and Translanguaging in Multicultural Obollo Speech Community, Southeastern Nigeria
Historically, the influx of people with different cultural and linguistic backgrounds (e.g., Onitsha, Hausa, Yoruba, and Idoma) in Nigeria to Obollo from 1970s onward led to language contact and its consequences on an unprecedented scale. The influx of people needs sociolinguistic awareness as they develop a complex mosaic of multiple communicative competences. In addition, the mass movement of people associated with globalization, business transactions, high rate of mobility of people, and their linguistic repertoire entails new sociolinguistic configuration of a type not previously experienced. This study therefore explores linguistic borrowing and translanguaging in the superdiverse Obollo region using translanguaging and linguistic borrowing theory. Data from Obollo through semi-unstructured oral interview and participial observation were analyzed descriptively. The article identifies core and cultural borrowing, code-meshing, and translanguaging. The study contributes to translanguaging and linguistic borrowing literature and provides relevant information for education and research into contemporary language use in multilingual contexts.
Journal Article
(Mis)understanding and Obtuseness: \Ethnolinguistic Borders\ in a Miniscule Speech Community
Building on two of Gumperz's foundational concerns—multilingual speech communities and linguistically linked intercultural miscommunication—I extend (or perhaps reduce) a couple of Gumperzian concepts to an almost limiting case: a single extended family in Chiapas, Mexico, where three deaf siblings interact with their hearing relatives of three generations. Here a spoken Mayan language (along with a little Spanish) is used side by side with a spontaneously emerging homesign or sign language. Linguistic tension emerges from misunderstandings and failures of communication in even this tiny speech community, and the complex pattern of interaction between its members suggests analogues of ethnolinguistic divisions, here even between siblings or parents and children, as well as nascent ideologies of language, mind, and identity familiar from much larger and more diversified speech situations. In particular I examine the crucial nexus of linguistically mediated social relations between the first deaf individual in the family and four categories of others: her parents, her deaf siblings, her hearing siblings, and her young (hearing) child.
Journal Article
“Why be normal?”: Language and identity practices in a community of nerd girls
The introduction of practice theory into sociolinguistics
is an important recent development in the field. The community
of practice provides a useful alternative to the speech-community
model, which has limitations for language and gender researchers
in particular. As an ethnographic, activity-based approach,
the community of practice is of special value to researchers
in language and gender because of its compatibility with
current theories of identity. An extension of the community
of practice allows identities to be explained as the result
of positive and negative identity practices rather than
as fixed social categories, as in the speech-community
model. The framework is used here to analyze the linguistic
practices associated with an unexamined social identity,
the nerd, and to illustrate how members of a local community
of female nerds at a US high school negotiate gender and
other aspects of their identities through practice.
My thanks to Janet
Holmes, Chris Holcomb, Stephanie Stanbro, and members of the
Ethnography/Theory Group at Texas A&M University for
comments on and discussion of the ideas
in this article.
Journal Article
Symbolic crusades in Lusatia and Brittany? An analysis of minority language movements from the perspective of status politics
This paper proposes to analyse mobilizations for regional minority languages in Lusatia and Brittany from the perspective of “status politics”. In a post-modern context, where traditional speech communities are fragmented by territorial and social mobility, speaking a minority language seems to be a matter of personal choice, structured through engagement and activism. Assuming that languages are part of a linguistic economy shaped by power conflicts and struggle for classifications, this article approaches the promotion of regional and minority languages as a struggle for social recognition of particular cultures, styles of life and collective prestige. By using the tools of political sociology, our ambition is to examine actions for Upper and Lower Sorbian, Breton and Gallo as symbolic ones, aiming at influencing the distribution of social prestige in Lusatia and Brittany, thus exceeding mere language issues. Today, campaigners for minority languages of Lusatia and Brittany participate in “revitalization movements” which also assert visions of the social world. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with language activists and on participatory observations, the idea is to consider to what extent linguistic mobilizations can be qualified as “symbolic crusades”, and in what ways this sociological notion could be useful to understand the mechanisms at work in linguistic collective action in general.
Journal Article
Výtahy z českých časopisů a sborníků
Traditional popular names of cave art sites in Spanish speech communities, s. 114-129. - Helena DURNOVÁ, Společná konference HSS (History of Science Society) a SHOT (Society for History of Technology) se uskutečnila v říjnu 2020 virtuálně, s. 127-128. Antonín KALOUS, Zpráva o činnosti Katedry historie FF UP v Olomouci za akademický rok 2019/2020, s. 205-207. - Věra SLAVÍKOVÁ, Zpráva o činnosti sekce archivnictví Katedry historie FF UP v Olomouci za akademický rok 2019/2020, s. 209-215. - Pavlína KALÁBKOVÁ, Zpráva o činnosti sekce archeologie Katedry historie FF UP v Olomouci za akademický rok 2019/2020, s. 217-220. Some Late Gothic Examples from Lesser Poland and Contribution to Interpretation of Their Iconography, s. 1-22. -
Journal Article
Middle to Late Holocene Paleoclimatic Change and the Early Bantu Expansion in the Rain Forests of Western Central Africa
This article reviews evidence from biogeography, palynology, geology, historical linguistics, and archaeology and presents a new synthesis of the paleoclimatic context in which the early Bantu expansion took place. Paleoenvironmental data indicate that a climate crisis affected the Central African forest block during the Holocene, first on its periphery around 4000 BP and later at its core around 2500 BP. We argue here that both phases had an impact on the Bantu expansion but in different ways. The climate-induced extension of savannas in the Sanaga-Mbam confluence area around 4000–3500 BP facilitated the settlement of early Bantu-speech communities in the region of Yaoundé but did not lead to a large-scale geographic expansion of Bantu-speaking village communities in Central Africa. An extensive and rapid expansion of Bantu-speech communities, along with the dispersal of cereal cultivation and metallurgy, occurred only when the core of the Central African forest block was affected around 2500 BP. We claim that the Sangha River interval in particular constituted an important corridor of Bantu expansion. With this interdisciplinary review, we substantially deepen and revise earlier hypotheses linking the Bantu expansion with climate-induced forest openings around 3000 BP.
Journal Article