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Objective: Unfortunately, the prevalence of infertility in Iran and the world is increasing. There is limited research on the relationship between vitamin D and DNA fragmentation index (DFI). DFI is a measure of DNA damage in sperm cells and is used to evaluate male fertility. Some studies suggest that vitamin D may play a role in sperm health and fertility. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, 789 eligible men referred to the Omid Infertility Clinic in Hamadan-Iran in 2021-2023. Serum levels of vitamin D, DFI, spermogram indexes and demographic characteristics (occupation, age, and body mass index) were collected by face-to-face interview and records review in case files. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 27 software. Results: There is no significant relationship between DFI and vitamin D before and after removing the effect of confounding variables. Clearly, increasing age has been associated with increasing (DFI 95% Cl: 1.06-3.03; p<0.05) odds ratio (OR) = 1.79. The relationship between the increase in DFI and the decrease in normal sperm morphology (95% CI: 1.43-4.20; p<0.01) OR = 2.45 and the decrease in the progressive motility of sperm was seen (95% Cl: 1.66-4.87; p<0.05) OR= 2.85 and also. The relationship between DFI and the decrease in sperm count after removing the effect Confounding variables were observed (95%Cl: 1.06-8.38; p<0.05) OR=2.98. Conclusion: No correlation between DFI and vitamin D serum level was found. However, a clear association was observed between increased DFI and advanced age, reduced progressive motility, abnormal sperm morphology, and decreased sperm count.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with dehydrated grape pomace (DGP) on growth performance, in vivo nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance, semen quality, fertility parameters, and biochemical metabolic parameters in blood plasma and seminal liquid of rabbit bucks. Eighteen California-bred rabbits aged 85 ± 5 days with an average weight of 1657 ± 147 g were divided into three homogeneous groups (n = 6). They were fed the same amount of conventional feed (140 g/day) with the addition of dehydrated grape pomace at 0% CT (control), 1% T1, and 2% T2 during 140 days. At the T1 level, DGP did not affect growth performance, feed intake, nitrogen retention, or improved fat digestibility. At the T2 level, DGP improved rabbits' growth performance and feed intake. These wastes also improved fat digestibility but decreased organic matter and crude protein digestibility without altering nitrogen balance. The addition of these wastes to the diet of rabbits at 1% and 2% did not amend age and body weight, testicular diameter at puberty, or blood and seminal fluid metabolites. The dose of 1% improved sperm mass motility and sperm concentration. Thus, the utilization of DGP waste as a feed additive at a 1% level in the diet of rabbit bucks is an eco-friendly strategy to improve the reproductive performance of rabbit bucks without compromising their growth performance. Graphical Abstract

We evaluated possible associations of overweight and obesity with semen parameters, sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF), and different indicators of metabolic and hormonal status in young men ( n= 226, mean age 22.5 years). Overweight and obese men were found to have a significant deterioration of metabolic health, reduced total sperm count and concentration, serum testosterone, and inhibin B levels, and increased serum leptin and seminal zinc levels in comparison with men with normal weight, although sperm DNA fragmentation, motility, and morphology did not change. In overweight and obese men, increased seminal zinc content appears to perform a protective function via reduction of oxidative stress caused by excess body fat. It is assumed that in the absence of individual lifestyle correction and weight loss for a long time, obese subjects are not protected from the development of reproductive comorbidities, in particular, subfertility and infertility.

Zika virus (ZIKV) sexual transmission and prolonged viral shedding in semen have been previously reported, suggesting a strong viral affinity for genital tissues. A transient impact of ZIKV on male fertility was shown in animal and human studies. Adult male patients with confirmed ZIKV infection diagnosed in the city of Araraquara, Brazil during the epidemic season of 2016 were invited one year after the acute infection to respond to a questionnaire of genital symptoms and to provide a semen sample for molecular ZIKV testing and spermogram analysis, as well as a serum sample for hormonal testing. 101 of 187 tested patients had positive ZIKV RT-PCR in plasma and/or urine samples (54%, 72 women and 29 men). Of 15 adult male participants for whom telephone contact was successful, 14 responded to the questionnaire of genital symptoms and six consented to provide a semen sample at a median of 12 months after the acute infection. We report abnormal spermogram results from patients one year after confirmed ZIKV infection. Our findings suggest a possible long-term detrimental effect of ZIKV infection on human male fertility that has to be further explored in well-characterized samples from cohort studies conducted in ZIKV-endemic areas.

Objective: We investigated the effects of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccines on semen parameters in patients with idiopathic infertility who visited our urology clinic. Materials and Methods: Patients who visited our andrology clinic between January 2021 and April 2022 after the vaccines were made available for the population aged 18 years and above were included in the study. Sperm parameters of patients before and after vaccination with two doses of Pfizer/BioNTech and Sinovac/CoronaVac were retrospectively evaluated and compared using the hospital's patient information system. Semen samples obtained from the patients were evaluated in our andrology laboratory. The age, body mass index (BMI), semen analyses, and intervals between the two doses of vaccines and the second semen analysis of the patients were recorded. Spermogram data before and after vaccination of 65 patients, including 17 Sinovac/CoronaVac and 48 Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccinated patients, were divided into two groups and compared in terms of semen volume, semen pH, total sperm count, sperm motility, and morphology. Results: There was no significant difference in terms of the vaccine interval, BMI, or age between the groups. Although no significant differences were found in terms of volume, pH, total motility, and percentage of motile sperm, the total sperm count and sperm count per milliliter decreased significantly in the Sinovac/CoronaVac group and increased significantly in the Pfizer/BioNTech group. Before and after vaccination, a decrease in total sperm count was observed in the Sinovac/CoronaVac group and a decrease in pH was observed in the Sinovac/CoronaVac and Pfizer/BioNTech groups. Conclusion: Our findings show that the total sperm count and the sperm count per milliliter decreased significantly among idiopathic infertile patients who received Sinovac/CoronaVac but increased significantly among those who received Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccines Keywords: Andrology, COVID-19, infertility, Pfizer/BioNTech, Sinovac, spermogram

This cross-sectional study pointed to assess the relationship between major dietary patterns and dietary diversity score with semen parameters, in infertile Iranian males. In this cross-sectional study, 260 infertile men (18-55 years old) who met the inclusion criteria, entered the study. Four Semen parameters, namely sperm concentration (SC), total sperm movement (TSM), normal sperm morphology (NSM) and sperm volume were considered according to spermogram. A 168-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to collect dietary intakes and calculate dietary diversity score. Factor analysis was used to extract dietary patterns. The following four factors were extracted: \"traditional pattern\", \"prudent pattern\", \"vegetable-based pattern\" and \"mixed pattern\". After adjusting potential confounders, those in the highest quartile of the traditional pattern had 83% less odds for abnormal concentration, compared with the first quartile (OR=0.17, 95% CI: 0.04-00.73); however, subjects in the highest quartile of this pattern had 2.69 fold higher odds for abnormal sperm volume as compared with those of the first quartile (95%Cl: 1.06-6.82). Men in the second quartile of prudent pattern had 4.36 higher odds of an abnormal sperm volume in comparison to the reference category (95%CI: 1.75-10.86), after considering potential confounders. With regard to mixed pattern, men in the second, third and fourth quartile of this pattern had respectively 85 (5%Cl: 0.03-0.76,), 86 (95%Cl: 0.02-0.75) and 83 % (95%Cl: 0.034-0.9) less odds of abnormal concentration, compared with the first quartile. Additionally, no significant association was found between dietary diversity score and sperm quality parameters. Higher intake of the traditional diet was linked to lower abnormal semen concentration and poorer sperm volume. Also, the mixed diet was associated with reduced prevalence of abnormal semen concentration.

Introductionl´infertilité du couple est devenue ces dernières années un problème de santé publique, dont l´origine peut être féminine, masculine ou mixte. L´origine masculine est incriminée dans 40% des cas. Au Maroc, la plupart des publications ont été axées sur les étiologies et les facteurs de risque de l´infertilité masculine. L´objectif de notre étude est l´évaluation de la prévalence de l´infertilité masculine et le profil des paramètres spermatiques chez les hommes infertiles ou à risque d´infertilité au sein d´un hôpital tertiaire à Rabat.Méthodesanalyse de 482 patients adressés pour bilan d´infertilité du couple ou dans le cadre du bilan préopératoire d´une varicocèle ou d´une ectopie testiculaire. Les données démographiques, les facteurs de risque d´infertilité, le caractère primaire ou secondaire de l´infertilité ont été enregistrées pour chaque patient. Les paramètres spermatiques ont été étudiés et interprétés selon les normes actualisées de l´OMS en 2010 avec études des facteurs associés à leur perturbation.Résultatsl´âge moyen des patients était de 35,35±8,81 ans. L´infertilité était primaire dans 61,8%. Les facteurs de risque d´infertilité les plus fréquemment retrouvés sont le tabac suivi par la varicocèle et l´infection. Le spermogramme était perturbé dans 53,1%. L´anomalie la plus fréquente était la perturbation de la vitalité (36,9%) suivie par la concentration spermatique (29,7%) et la morphologie (29,3%). L´âge était le seul facteur ayant un impact significatif sur le spermogramme (p=0,002). Les anomalies de la mobilité se voient à partir de 31 ans, la vitalité est perturbée à 34 ans, la morphologie à 35 ans et la concentration à 37 ans. L´azoospermie a été retrouvée dans 16,4% essentiellement associée à l´infertilité primaire. L´oligo-asthéno-tératospermie était l´association la plus représentée (26,2%).Conclusionl´infertilité masculine est fréquente dans notre contexte, l´âge étant son principal facteur de risque. La mobilité est le paramètre le plus précocement atteint.

ABSTRACT Background Clinical signs of cryoglobulinemia syndrome depend on localization of affected vessels, and vascular pathology is a frequent cause of sexual disorders. [...]the article presents correlation between cryoglobulinemia and spermatogenesis impairment. Conclusion The results of investigation indicate that a considerable reduction of cryoglobulinemia has a positive impact on spermatogenesis. [...]it is expedient to include the method for detection of cryoglobulins into methodical recommendations/instructions for examination of patients with impairment of male fertility. [...]leukocytes were isolated by precipitation of a patient's heparinized peripheral venous blood in thermostat at 370C for 90-140 minutes.

La présente étude visait à déterminer la prévalence des anomalies du spermogramme au cours des consultations prénuptiales et chez les hommes des couples infertiles à Butembo. C´est une étude rétrospective descriptive effectuée au Centre Universitaire de Diagnostic du Graben. La population d´étude était constituée de 890 sujets masculins de 21 à 57 ans d´âges dont 779 sujets pour les examens prénuptiaux et 111 sujets pour tests de fertilité. La prévalence globale des anomalies du spermogramme dans cette population est de 25.8% soit une incidence de 22.9% des consultants prénuptiaux et 46.0% d´incidence des hommes des couples infertiles. Le pH moyen était de: 7.22 ± 0.22. Le volume moyen de sperme recueilli était: 2.56 ± 1.41 ml. Les anomalies ont porté sur tous les paramètres du spermogramme avec prédominance d´association d´anomalies chez le même sujet à 86.5% avec en tête l´oligoasthénotératozoospermie dans 44.8% des cas. Pris isolément, on retrouve au premier rang l´asthénozoospermie chez 90.9% des cas suivie de l´oligozoospermie chez 87.4% des cas, la tératozoospermie chez 66.9% des cas, la nécrozoospermie chez 55.6% des cas et l´azoospermie chez 10.4% des cas. A l´issue de cette étude, il ressort que le profil cytologique du spermogramme de cette population de Butembo est dominé par des associations d´anomalies. Ceci demande donc la réalisation simultanée d´autres tests tels que les examens bactériologiques et les dosages de marqueurs biochimiques, afin d´identifier les étiologies et d´y apporter les thérapeutiques appropriées.