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The Sport Commitment Model is widely used to understand the motivation and commitment of athletes to continue playing sports. However, the factors influencing athletes' commitment to racquet sports have not received much research attention, especially in Malaysia. This study aims to use the Sport Commitment Questionnaire-2 (SCQ-2) to examine Malaysian athletes' commitment to racquet sports. A total of 612 athletes (367 males/245 females, age= 30.32 ± 11.56) completed the SCQ-2, which measures seven factors and two dimensions of sport commitment. The results revealed that sport enjoyment was the main factor contributing to the athletes' commitment in all sports. Two-way ANOVA analyses showed significant differences in athletes' enthusiastic commitment [ ( ) = 44.92, = 0.00] and constrained commitment [ = 15.32, = 0.00] across four sports. There were also significant differences in both enthusiastic commitment [ ( ) = 7.53, = 0.00] and constraint commitment [ ( ) = 18.82, = 0.00] across age groups. Enjoyment is the main factor in sport commitment. Tennis athletes possess the highest level of enthusiastic commitment across all the racquet sports. Moreover, male athletes showed higher levels of enthusiastic commitment than female athletes.

This study aims to segment trail runners employing psychographic segmentation, specifically sport commitment, as an understudied variable in sport tourism. The purpose is to identify specific trail runner profiles. An online survey was made available via Facebook through sponsored advertisements in South Africa. The final sample consisted of N = 412 trail runners. Three distinct segments were identified using cluster analysis: landscape seekers, sport devotees, and eco-group travelers. These segments differed significantly regarding the factors influencing their sport commitment, with cluster membership influenced by demographic characteristics, behavioral intentions, and sought-after event attributes. To foster the expansion of trail running events in South Africa, it is imperative to concentrate efforts on enhancing accessibility through diverse routes across varied terrains, implementing comprehensive training programs catering to runners of all levels, and deploying strategic marketing initiatives to raise awareness and participation.

Ninety percent of American youth participate in some form of organized youth sport between the ages of 5 and 18. Parent involvement in this context has recently been characterized as a potentially harmful force in parent—child relations, leading to debate regarding the appropriateness and level of parent involvement in organized youth sport. Despite the rising costs associated with youth sport participation, little empirical effort has been made to examine the potential impact of family financial investment on parent involvement and children's subsequent sport outcomes. The purpose of this study was to address how family financial investment in youth sport influences children's perceptions of parent pressure, sport enjoyment, and commitment to continued participation. Data from a national sample of 163 parent-child dyads illuminated an inverse association between family financial investment and child sport commitment, mediated by children's perceptions of parent pressure and sport enjoyment. The results indicated that family financial investment predicts child commitment through the sequential mediators of perceived parent pressure and child enjoyment. These findings draw attention to many avenues for future research on the potential link among family investment decisions, parent involvement behaviors, and child outcomes in organized youth sport, which may collectively inform the development of parent interventions for youth sport leagues, administrators, and parents.

This study aims to segment trail runners employing psychographic segmentation, specifically sport commitment, as an understudied variable in sport tourism. The purpose is to identify specific trail runner profiles. An online survey was made available via Facebook through sponsored advertisements in South Africa. The final sample consisted of n=412 trail runners. Three distinct segments were identified using cluster analysis: landscape seekers, sport devotees, and eco-group travelers. These segments differed significantly regarding the factors influencing their sport commitment, with cluster membership influenced by demographic characteristics, behavioral intentions, and sought-after event attributes. To foster the expansion of trail running events in South Africa, it is imperative to concentrate efforts on enhancing accessibility through diverse routes across varied terrains, implementing comprehensive training programs catering to runners of all levels, and deploying strategic marketing initiatives to raise awareness and participation.

Background Presently, where inactivity is an overarching problem globally, participation in recreational sports activities has become an important outlet for promoting healthy lifestyles. However, there is a lack of instruments to evaluate the commitment of recreational and leisure sports users. This study aimed to adapt, develop and provide preliminary validation of the Recreational Sport Commitment Questionnaire (RESQ). Methods The development and validation process in this study consisted of four stages: Stage One involved item pool generation, Stage Two focused on content and face validation, Stage Three encompassed data collection, and Stage Four included the assessment of the psychometric properties of the RESQ. This final stage was conducted through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA; n  = 275) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA; n  = 313) to evaluate convergent validity, discriminant validity, and composite reliability. Results The initial item pool generated 60 items, whereby 42 items were retained after the content validity evaluation process by the panel of experts. Next, EFA analysis suggested 31 items distributed across seven factors. Lastly, psychometric properties of RESQ with 26 items were established through CFA (GFI = 0.91, CFI = 0.97, RMSEA = 0.04, TLI = 0.96, X²/df = 1.52) and other psychometrics evidence. Conclusion Based on the collected psychometrics evidence, RESQ is a valid questionnaire to evaluate the commitment of recreational sports users. The newly developed questionnaire allows sports organizations to assess the factors influencing sport commitment among recreational sports users. Based on the results of RESQ, sport programmes can be tailored made to optimize sports engagement and promote continued commitment.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between perceived stress and life satisfaction under the influence of mobile phone addiction and sport commitment. Participants were recruited from eight universities located in six Chinese cities, naming Chongqing, Maoming, Nanjing, Suzhou, Shijiazhuang, and Zhengzhou. The sample consisted of 575 participants enrolled in Chinese universities, with 309 (53.7%) being female students. The mediation model was tested under the structural equation modeling framework using Mplus. Results showed that (1) perceived stress had a direct and negative impact on life satisfaction, and it also had indirect effects through the two mediators; (2) perceived stress positively predicted mobile phone addiction, which, in turn, negatively impacted life satisfaction; (3) perceived stress negatively predicted sport commitment, which, in turn, positively impacted life satisfaction. By emphasizing the mediating roles of mobile phone addiction and sport commitment, our findings highlight the importance of addressing these factors in interventions aimed at encouraging college students’ well-being. Implications for intervention design to promoter health among university students should take into account the mediating roles of mobile phone addiction and sport commitment.

Background This study aimed to determine the relationships between athletic identity and sport commitment and return to sports (RTS) status in athletes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Methods Thirty-nine participants post-ACLR (8–24 months) were included in this cross-sectional study. Measures included the athletic identity measurement scale and sport commitment scale. In addition, we measured kinesiophobia and psychological readiness using the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia and ACL-Return to sport after injury scale. The subjects were categorized into Yes-RTS or No-RTS based on two questions to determine whether they were returning to sport at the same level of competition as before the injury. A Chi-squared test, Fisher’s exact test, unpaired t-test, and Mann-Whitney’s U test were used to analyze the data. Results The Yes-RTS group had significantly higher scores on the athletic identity measurement scale ( P  = 0.023, effect size [ES] = − 0.36), sport commitment scale ( P  = 0.027, ES = − 0.35), and ACL-Return to sport after injury scale ( P  = 0.002, ES = − 0.50) and significantly lower Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia scores ( P  = 0.014, ES = − 0.39) compared to the No-RTS group. Conclusion Athletes who returned to sports at the same level of competition as before the injury had higher athletic identity and sport commitment and lower kinesiophobia compared to those who did not return to sports at the same level of competition. These self-beliefs regarding sport may play an important role in post-ACLR athletes’ RTS.

The sport commitment model proposed by Schmidt and Stein is one of the most complete paradigms on the etiology of burnout syndrome. According to this model, the degree of burnout of athletes is related to the nature of their commitment to sporting activity. Based on the Benefits, Costs, Satisfaction, Alternatives, and Investments, three types of athletes are defined: (1) athletes who are fully committed because they enjoy the activity; (2) athletes who are committed because they feel trapped; (3) athletes who are not committed and are at risk of abandonment. Analysis of cluster and analysis of variance were performed using data collected from a sample of 357 athletes. The results were aligned with the Schmidt and Stein model predictions in terms of athlete type and partial scores for each component of the model, although with slight variations. The percentage of athletes correctly classified is 99.35% for the cluster of committed athletes; 97.35% for the cluster of entrapped athletes; 96.63% for the cluster of non-committed athletes at risk of abandonment. In conclusion, the sport commitment model provides a useful approach to explain the etiology of burnout in athletes, helping to understand the psychological keys to the syndrome.

The creativity of fitness coaches is crucial for maintaining the competitiveness of fitness enterprises. This study aimed to explore the factors, mechanisms, and moderating effects influencing the creativity of fitness coaches ( n = 732) in Chinese fitness businesses, using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis. The results indicate that curiosity and sport commitment have a positive impact on knowledge-sharing and flow experience. In addition, knowledge-sharing and flow experience positively influence creativity. Importantly, the curiosity and sport commitment of fitness coaches affect creativity through knowledge-sharing and flow experience. Finally, social media usage positively moderates the relationship between knowledge-sharing and creativity. The findings of this study provide meaningful information and decision-making references for professionals in the fitness industry and academic researchers. Future efforts should emphasize the protection of fitness coaches’ creative achievements, with policymakers encouraged to establish relevant legal frameworks to safeguard innovation within the industry.

Background This study investigates the complex relationships between sports media use (SMU), sports participation behavior (SPB), and sports commitment. With the increasing consumption of sports media, it is essential to understand both the quantitative and qualitative dimensions of how media engagement correlates with participation and long-term commitment to sports. Objectives The study aims to investigate the relationship between SMU and SPB, as well as the mediating role of SPB in sports commitment, using a mixed-methods approach. Additionally, it explores individuals’ lived experiences to provide deeper insights into how media shapes engagement and commitment. Method A mixed-methods design was employed, integrating quantitative and qualitative data. A survey of 484 participants from diverse demographic backgrounds was conducted, and structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the relationships among variables. To complement these findings, semi-structured interviews were conducted with a subset of participants to explore their narratives surrounding media roles, sports behavior, and commitment. Thematic analysis was applied to interpret qualitative data. Results Quantitative findings revealed significant positive relationships between SMU and SPB and between SMU and sports commitment. SPB was found to partially mediate the relationship between SMU and sports commitment. The qualitative findings supported these results, highlighting key themes such as motivation, role modeling, and identity formation through media exposure. Participants described how sports media inspired them to engage in sports and reinforced their long-term commitment. Conclusions This study demonstrates that SMU plays a significant role in fostering sports participation and commitment, with SPB as a key mediator. The integration of qualitative insights strengthens these findings by illustrating the personal experiences and psychological mechanisms that drive engagement. These results underscore the potential of sports media for promoting sustained participation and commitment, offering practical implications for policymakers, educators, and sports organizations aiming to leverage media for greater sports engagement. Future research should explore cultural differences and the role of specific media content types to refine further our understanding of the media’s correlation with sports behavior.