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"Sporting balls"
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Balls
Rhyming text introduces the many types of balls and how they are used. Includes suggested learning activities.
Book
Effect of table tennis balls with different materials and structures on the hardness and elasticity
The new material introduced by the ITTF in 2014 for table tennis balls has attracted significant attention from players and coaches. Changes in both material selection and production procedures are likely to have affected the static performance of the ball. However, the raw data regarding the elasticity and hardness of these new material balls, encompassing various brands and structures, often lacks practical information crucial for players’ rapid adaptation and daily training. The static properties tested in this study were provided by the ITTF, covering both hardness and elasticity. Based on computed variables, this study revealed that the hardness of seam balls at the equator was not consistently higher than that at the pole. Additionally, the study confirmed that the hardness and bounce height of new material balls exceeded those of celluloid. Furthermore, correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between these two properties, revealing a significant correlation between the hardness of seamless balls and their elasticity. This study provides an analysis of the static performance of various types of new material balls, aiding players and coaches in better understanding official event balls and offering a theoretical foundation for the formulation of diverse training and game strategies.
Journal Article
Yellow ball
During a beach game, a yellow ball is accidentally tossed out to sea, has adventures, and finds a new home.
Book
Influence of Surface Structure on Ball Properties during a Professional Water Polo Game
The use of modern materials in sports, in terms of chemical composition and surface texture, entails both progress in results and an increasing discrepancy in the technical parameters of the equipment used. This paper aims to demonstrate the differences between balls admitted to a league and world championships in composition, surface texture, and the influence of these parameters on the water polo game. This research compared two new balls produced by top companies producing sports accessories (Kap 7 and Mikasa). To obtain the goal, the measurement of the contact angle, analysis of the material using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and optical microscopic evaluation were used. The analysis of the surface free energy shows significant differences (Kap 7 32.16 mJ/m2, Mikasa 36.48 mJ/m2). In the case of both balls, anisotropies of the structure of the furrows were observed, however, the Mikasa ball is slightly more homogeneous than the Kap 7 ball. The obtained results from the analysis of the contact angle, as well as the composition and real feedback from the players, indicated the need to standardize the material aspect of the regulations so that the sports results are repeatable every time.
Journal Article
Boomer gets his bounce back
\"Kids find out how Doc gets Boomer bouncing again, and they'll relate to Boomer's fear of needles and learn how to be brave at their next doctor's visit\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Using a haptic dynamic clamp to reduce arousal: preference, arousal, and coordination stability are related
We have developed a haptic dynamic clamp dedicated to the regulation of arousal. It takes the form of a vibrating stress ball to be squeezed, called Viball, controlled by Righetti’s nonlinear adaptive Hopf oscillator. Participants squeezed an adaptive Viball which adapts its frequency of vibration to the current frequency of human squeezing. The adaptive Viball was compared to three non-adaptive Viballs, parametrized to vibrate at a lower, equal, or higher frequency than the participants’ preferred frequency. While squeezing the ball, participants looked at stressful or calming pictures and their electrodermal activity was recorded. Using the preference paradigm, we show that participants preferred to interact with the adaptive Viball rather than with the most slowly vibrating ball that most strongly reduced arousal. The stability of the human-ball coordination was the highest with the adaptive Viball. There was also a positive correlation between the stability of coordination and arousal. The data are discussed in light of the energy-based interpretation of coordination dynamics.
Journal Article
Doing More with Less, or a Stunt?
[...]Guinea must have been the only country in Africa without markets, without women seated behind mounds of nuts, vegetables and grains, without the bustle of trading activity. How could our pint-size embassy possibly compete with the scale of presence of our Cold War adversaries? Ambassador Harrop is a member of the board of directors of American Diplomacy Publishers, this journal's parent organization.
Journal Article
Effects of an eight-week bosu ball exercise program on core strength endurance and balance performance in intellectually disabled adolescents
The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of an eight-week bosu ball exercise (BBE) program on core strength endurance and balance performance in intellectually disabled (ID) adolescents. Twenty-nine participants (14 males and 15 females) between the ages of 11 and 14, who had been diagnosed with moderate and mild intellectual disabilities (ID) by the Provincial Guidance Research Center they were affiliated with, were included in the study. The participants underwent an eight-week program of BBE. The plank test, endurance of the right (R) and left (L) lateral flexors, endurance of abdominal muscles, and endurance of back extensor muscles were assessed to determine core region endurance before and after BBE. Additionally, balance performance was evaluated using the Y balance test. The right (R) and left (L) leg Y balance test performances of the participants before and after BBE did not change significantly according to the group*time interaction (
p
>0.05). In the time interaction, L-Anterior (L-An) [F
(1, 27)
=4.273, η
2
p
=.137,
p
=.048], L-Postmedial (L-PM) [F
(1, 27)
=15.244, η
2
p
=.361,
p
<.001], L-Postlateral (L-PL) [F
(1,27)
=10. 703, η
2
p
=.284,
p
=.003], R-An [F
(1, 27)
=9.833, η
2
p
=.267,
p
=. 004], R-PM [F
(1, 27)
=9.958, η
2
p
=. 269,
p
=.004], R-PL [F
(1, 27)
=15.681, η
2
p
=.367,
p
<.001] values increased significantly. When the core strength parameters of the participants were examined; extensor muscle endurance showed a significant change in favour of men in the group-time interaction [F
(1, 27)
=6.619, η
2
p
=.197,
p
=.016]. In the time interaction, plank [F
(1, 27)
=16.204, η
2
p
=.375,
p
<.001], R-lateral flexor muscles [F
(1, 27)
=14.140, η
2
p
=.344,
p
<.001], L-lateral flexor muscles [F
(1, 27)
=12.379, η
2
p
=.314,
p
=.002], abdominal muscle [F
(1, 27)
=8.418, η
2
p
=.238,
p
=.007], extensor muscles [F
(1, 27)
=17.802, η
2
p
=.397,
p
<.001] parameters in males and females. As a result, BBE could be considered a preferred exercise modality to reduce the risk of fall-related injuries caused by balance impairment and inadequate trunk strength, which are prevalent among individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID).
Journal Article