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Net zero energy (NZE) buildings obtain their energy from clean renewable resources. The current study aims to design and analyze a pioneering sports complex based on the net zero energy (NZE) concept, incorporating a football stadium and two swimming pools as a case study. Despite the common occurrence of such sports complexes, limited studies have been conducted to develop NZE systems tailored to this type of sports complexes. A solar field with 10000 m 2 photovoltaic panels installed on the rooftop of the stadium provides the required energy. The generated energy in daytime is stored through compressed air energy storage (CAES) cycle to be used after sunset on demand time. The compressed air runs turbines and generates the required electricity for the stadium. Also, the generated thermal energy is used to warm up the swimming pools. Environmental and meteorological data are used to perform transient studies. Dynamic simulations are done through TRNSYS, and results show that the overall efficiency of the cycle is around 44% which can increase to 98% if using the thermal energy in swimming pools. Due to solar energy fluctuations, on average, 14% of the required energy should be provided from the grid, while more than 26 MW · h a day can be sold to the grid. Results of this study help to design NZE sport complexes to move toward sustainable energy development.

The simultaneous consideration of various economic, social, and environmental factors in determining the proper location for constructing a sports complex for traditional games is crucial to the continuation of such events. To achieve this goal, we begin by identifying relevant criteria through a comprehensive literature review and interviews with experts, including faculty members, executive professionals from sports departments, and board members of a municipality. Subsequently, we assess the significance of inter-city (optimal city selection) and intra-city (optimal geographic area identification) criteria in two distinct stages. These assessments are based on experts' opinions, collect via an online questionnaire developed in alignment with the Best Worst Method (BWM). In an effort to assess the desirability of the cities under consideration, we apply piecewise linear preference functions (PLPFs) to determine the ranges in which each of the items achieve their best score. Also, the best area for constructing a sports complex is selected using the geographical information system (GIS). The results of this research confirm that social factors are more important than economic and environmental ones in the evaluation phase of the candidates and PLPFs produce different results vis- à-vis the existing linear methods. The framework presented offers decision-makers a comprehensive overview of the considerations involved in selecting suitable locations for sustainable sports complexes. Notably, it specifically delineates the criteria essential for the location selection of sports complexes dedicated to traditional games. Furthermore, the proposed methodology can be regarded as an expert-based solution applicable to a range of challenges in sports complex location selection.

In theory, building automation and management systems (BAMSs) can provide all the components and functionalities required for analyzing and operating buildings. However, in reality, these systems can only ensure the control of heating ventilation and air conditioning system systems. Therefore, many other tasks are left to the operator, e.g. evaluating buildings’ performance, detecting abnormal energy consumption, identifying the changes needed to improve efficiency, ensuring the security and privacy of end-users, etc. To that end, there has been a movement for developing artificial intelligence (AI) big data analytic tools as they offer various new and tailor-made solutions that are incredibly appropriate for practical buildings’ management. Typically, they can help the operator in (i) analyzing the tons of connected equipment data; and; (ii) making intelligent, efficient, and on-time decisions to improve the buildings’ performance. This paper presents a comprehensive systematic survey on using AI-big data analytics in BAMSs. It covers various AI-based tasks, e.g. load forecasting, water management, indoor environmental quality monitoring, occupancy detection, etc. The first part of this paper adopts a well-designed taxonomy to overview existing frameworks. A comprehensive review is conducted about different aspects, including the learning process, building environment, computing platforms, and application scenario. Moving on, a critical discussion is performed to identify current challenges. The second part aims at providing the reader with insights into the real-world application of AI-big data analytics. Thus, three case studies that demonstrate the use of AI-big data analytics in BAMSs are presented, focusing on energy anomaly detection in residential and office buildings and energy and performance optimization in sports facilities. Lastly, future directions and valuable recommendations are identified to improve the performance and reliability of BAMSs in intelligent buildings.

In this paper, the case of the Hellinikon – Agios Kosmas metropolitan pole is analyzed. In more detail, the urban history of this area is presented, and the historical decisions that led to the current consolidation of the regeneration vision are mentioned. Also, reference is made to the investor company Lamda Development SA. Subsequently, the company’s vision regarding the future state of the area is analyzed, and its strategic goals regarding the reshaping of the area over a 25-year period are identified one by one. In fact, a more general picture is given of the resulting profitability as well as the implementation phases through which it will be achieved. The criticism is also mentioned in light of the legislative framework and other factors. The Maximum Difference (MaxDiff) Scaling method was applied in a MaxDiff questionnaire survey with 112 participants to prioritize the preferences of the public for the announced interventions. It was found that the most preferred intervention was the “Complex of sports facilities,” and the less preferred one was the “Yacht Club.” The respondents focused more on the uses that the interventions could have for the public instead of the general benefits for the economy.

The term \"sport\" is often used as a synonym for the concept of \"physical culture\". Physical culture is a collective concept that includes the whole range of achievements accumulated in the process of socio-historical development of the people: the level of health, sports skills, works of culture and art related to physical education, etc. In the USSR, the development of physical culture and sports was given great importance. Evidence of this is not only sports facilities, but also Moscow metro stations, in the design or name of which there is a theme of physical culture and sports. The Moscow Metro is included in the list of attractions that tourists must visit in the Russian capital. The purpose of this study is to study the stations of the Moscow metro, the decoration of which is associated with sports themes. In addition to traditional methods, a relatively new method was used in the study – microurbanism, which allows a detailed approach to the study of historical, artistic and other values of individual stations of the Moscow Metro. The scientific novelty of the work consists in the study of cultural, historical and artistic features of metro stations related to the topic of physical culture and sports

Background This study aimed to analyze the effect of participation and learning in sports clubs on self-perceived health status, self-perceived physical strength status, and health behaviors. More specifically, it examined the effect of participation in sports lessons, registration and continued participation in sports clubs, awareness of nearby sports facilities, and weekly frequency of participation in physical activities on self-perceived health status, self-perceived physical strength status, and health behaviors. Methods We used the data of 9,000 individuals sourced from the “2022 Korea National Sports Survey,” a survey conducted by the Korean Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism. This data was analyzed using frequency analysis, descriptive statistics analysis, independent t-tests, and one-way analysis of variance. Results The results showed that participation in sports lessons, registration and continued participation in sports clubs, awareness of nearby sports facilities, and weekly frequency of participation in physical activities have a positive effect on self-perceived health and physical strength status as well as health behaviors. Conclusions There is a need for easily accessible and well-equipped sports clubs that can also provide sports lessons. Additionally, it is important to create an atmosphere in which people can easily access and continue to participate in sports clubs. Therefore, not only Korea but also other countries should focus on increasing sports participation and developing programs that bolster the utilization of sports club facilities.

It is vital that people concentrate and focus on the types of sports and amenities in the context of sports facilities to provide acoustic comfort for players and fans. Thus, influences the positive or negative psychological and emotional impact experience during the sports matches. Esports events are mostly organized in enclosed spaces facilities such as indoor arenas or stadiums, which are spaces where speech intelligibility and noise level determine, to a large extent, the listening comfort or even the safety of the occupants. More noise may distract players throughout the match and during the match, interfering with their performance and communication with coaches if there is no proper sound blocking or insulation. This research will look at critical literature studies of the defining elements and criteria for this occurrence to develop a conceptual framework for how players, coaches, and spectators experienced acoustic comfort in various types of Esports venue. The primary goal of this research is to clarify the differences in Esports venue design and the determining factors that influence human acoustic comfort. As a result, the goal of this study is to create a framework based on the elements that determine acoustic comfort classification in Esports venues. Designers and architects able to utilize this framework as a guide to assist them prepare estimates of acoustic conditions and corrective activities in Esports venue which tailored suited to players, as well as the effects on staffs and spectators, thus create a highly immersive experience.

Background The association between social and built environments plays a crucial role in influencing physical activity levels. However, a thorough understanding of their combined impact remains unclear. This scoping review seeks to clarify the interplay between social environments and opportunities for physical activity within different built environments, with a particular focus on the implications of socioeconomic status and urban planning on physical activity participation. Methods We conducted a systematic literature search across several databases to identify studies exploring the associations between social factors, built environment characteristics, and physical activity levels. The inclusion criteria were studies published in English between 2000 and 2022, encompassing urban, suburban, and rural contexts. Thematic analysis was employed to categorise studies based on the specific aspects of the built environment they investigated (walking infrastructure, cycling infrastructure, parks and open spaces, and sports facilities) and the social determinants they examined. Results A total of 72 studies were included in the review, illustrating a multifaceted relationship between access to physical activity opportunities and social determinants such as socioeconomic status, community engagement, and urban design. The findings highlight the significant role of socioeconomic factors and the quality of PA infrastructure in promoting or hindering PA across communities. Effective urban planning was identified as crucial in providing expanded physical activity opportunities, notably through more pedestrian-friendly environments, comprehensive cycling infrastructure, and accessible green spaces and sports facilities. Conclusions This review emphasises the significant impact of socioeconomic status and urban planning on access to physical activity opportunities. This underscores the necessity for urban planning policies to adopt an inclusive approach, considering the varied needs of different population groups to ensure equitable access to physical activity resources. Such strategies are crucial for public health initiatives aimed at enhancing physical activity levels across diverse community sectors, offering a potential avenue to alleviate health disparities associated with inactivity.

This paper proposes a framework for a layout evaluation of urban public sports facilities. First, the buffer analysis method is used to measure the service level of public sports facilities. The study findings indicate that the overall service level of public sports facilities presents the spatial characteristics of a central agglomeration, and the value of the service level diffuses outward from high to low. There is evident spatial heterogeneity in the layout of public sports facilities in Hangzhou. Second, the Gini coefficient, Lorenz curve, and location entropy are employed to measure the equity of the distribution among spatial units and the intradistrict disparity. The results show a mismatch between the spatial distribution of the facilities and the distribution of the permanent population. The patterns of distribution of the location entropy classes of Hangzhou can be divided into three types: balanced, alternating, and divergent districts. The method in this paper is effective in measuring spatial equity and visualizing it. it has a certain degree of systemicity, universality and operability. At the same time, this method can compare the diachronic characteristics of the same city and the synchronic characteristics of different cities, which has universal application value.

Ecological models have been applied to investigate multiple domains influencing physical activity behaviour, including individual, social, organisational, community, environmental and policy factors. With regard to the built environment, research to date has been limited to small geographical areas and/or small samples of participants. This study examined the geographical association between provision of sport facilities and participation in sport across an entire Australian state, using objective total enumerations of both, for a group of sports, with adjustment for the effect of socioeconomic status (SES). De‐identified membership registration data were obtained from state sport governing bodies of four popular team sports. Associations between participation rate, facility provision rate and SES were investigated using correlation and regression methods. Participation rate was positively associated with provision of facilities, although this was complicated by SES and region effects. The non‐metropolitan region generally had higher participation rates and better provision of facilities than the metropolitan region. Better provision of sports facilities is generally associated with increased sport participation, but SES and region are also contributing factors. Community‐level analysis of the population, sport participation and provision of facilities should be used to inform decisions of investments in sports facilities.