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Clothesline clues to sports people play
Using the image of uniforms and equipment hanging on a clothesline, the text invites children to identify the sport played by each child.
Book
Back in Style: The Impact of Nostalgia on Sport Fans' Feelings Toward Team Apparel
Retro jerseys across many sports have grown increasingly popular in recent years and previous research has given credence to their use by sport organizations. Specifically, recent research has found the freshness and outdatedness of retro jerseys to impact consumer attitudes (Dwyer et al., 2020). Although nostalgia is at the core of literature on retro merchandise, scholars have yet to examine various types of nostalgia and their impact on retro merchandise. Therefore, the current study sought to assess the influence of nostalgia--and specifically its three dimensions personal, historical, and collective--on consumer attitudes and purchase intentions. An online sample of 434 participants were surveyed and results exhibited mixed findings, with the three dimensions of nostalgia varying in impact toward the outcomes of team attitude and purchase intentions. Also, examination of the role of age, income, and length of time as a fan were also explored with results exhibiting differences based upon consumer income and length of time as a fan. Although the results varied based on type of nostalgia and consumer outcome, it was clear that nostalgia plays a role in consumers' feelings toward their favorite team's merchandise. Further examination of these results are provided and suggestions for future research on the topic of sport retro apparel are discussed. Keywords: nostalgia, retro marketing, branding, logos, apparel
Journal Article
An Examination and Evaluation of Uniform Color Across North American Professional Team Sports
Color defines modern team sports. Participants wear brightly colored jerseys, serving to identify teammates from opponents, while similarly allowing fans in attendance and watching on television to cheer for their favorites. Collectively, team color choice is based on a number of factors, including sensory and cultural aspects. In addition, advances in dyeing and fabric technology, as well as an ever increasing number of professional teams, has led to a widening array of team color possibilities. While considerable research has been conducted on the role of color in individual competition, corresponding investigation into this aspect of professional team sports has been lacking. As such, uniform color choice was examined for all 122 current North American major league baseball, basketball, football and hockey teams. Each team's number of colors, as well as ordinal ranking of those colors, was recorded, and statistically evaluated. Overall, teams averaged 3.48 colors, with 103 of the 122 opting for either three or four colors. While white was utilized by every team, it M'as never their principal, or first, color. Blue proved to be the most popular principal uniform color, followed by red and black. Basketball teams averaged more colors than the other three sports. Results reaffirm the premise that uniform color choice is an integration of visibility and contrast factors, historical considerations, and the societal significance that colors impart.
Journal Article
NCAA DII Female Student-Athletes' Perceptions of Their Sport Uniforms and Body Image
Sport uniforms can create a platform for comparison between the female athlete body and the societal female body ideal (Krone, Waldron, Michalenok, & Stiles-Shipley, 2001). This, in turn, may influence body image concerns by magnifying female athletes 'awareness of their physique (Greenleaf 2002). Because many female athlete uniforms become tigh ter and more revealing as athletes transition from youth to adult sport participation (SooHoo, Reel, & Pearce, 2011), it is likely that body objectification (Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997) in sport may begin in adolescence and continue through adulthood. In the current study, 18 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II female student-athletes from four sports (basketball, cross-country, softball, and volleyball) were interviewed about their perceptions of sport uniforms and body image as they transitionedfrom youth to adult sport participation. Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR; Hill, 2012; Hill, Thompson, & Williams, 1997) procedures were utilized to construct four domains that aligned with a retrospective developmental process: (a) prepubescent perceptions regarding uniform; (b) \"transition to puberty\" perceptions regarding uniform; (c) college perceptions regarding uniform; and (d) advice based on experience. Results suggested that perceptions of uniforms transitioned from being \"not even thought about\" pre-puberty to being more gender-marked during a critical time in female athletes 'physical development. In addition, many participants described comparisons of their pubescent body with the female athlete body. Finally, participants described going through a process offirst feeling discomfort, then normalizing, and ultimately accepting their sport uniform.
Journal Article
Effect of Exercise on Athletes Performing in Fencing Uniforms: Methodology and Preliminary Results of the Use of Infrared Thermography to Detect the Thermal Behaviour of Fencers
In recent times, infrared thermography has been often applied to sport science, in order to evaluate athletes' performance in relation to their thermal behaviour. As there is a lack of studies for the sport of fencing, this paper aims to provide preliminary results showing the thermal behaviour of fencers of different competitive level and to provide a methodology for its assessment. In particular, thermal images were acquired before, during and after the training, as well as the metabolic rate and the rate of perceived exertion, for eight fencers with different competitive levels (international/national/veteran). Results showed that in moderate environments there was any correlation between the environmental parameters and temperature trend on athletes' bodies, while competitive level and thermal behaviour were connected. The presence of thermal asymmetries was also detected. In general, from these preliminary results, professional athletes presented the same temperature trend. Therefore, further studies should be carried out in order to investigate these findings on a larger sample of elite athletes, as their thermal response may be important for improving their performance.
Journal Article
Sweating the uniform colors and success in sport connection: Time to put the effect to rest?
Research linking superior athletic performance to uniform colors pervades psychological research for more than a decade now. The current archival research explored the performance of American collegiate basketball teams during the national annual tournament in a period spanning seven seasons (2012–18). Previous attempts to explore the effect were fraught with confounding variables (e.g., the home-field-advantage, relative endowments of resources). We failed to detect an effect and the results remained null when several colors were tested. Based on the findings it is reasonable to conclude that uniform colors do not exert substantial influence over winning in relatively long-duration low aggression team sports. Future research should take into account a targeted sport taxonomy in assessing whether the effect exists in other types of competitions.
Journal Article
Red Signals Dominance in Male Rhesus Macaques
The authors carried out an experiment on a species of monkeys that has humanlike color vision: the rhesus macaque. Facial redness is a salient feature of the rhesus macaque phenotype. Thus, if the hypothesis that red signals dominance is correct, male rhesus macaques would be expected to respond submissively to red coloration when given the opportunity to steal food from a human.
Journal Article