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Sport and architecture are two elements of contemporary life that have a broad and profound impact on the world around us. The role architecture plays in shaping buildings and societies has occupied historians for centuries. Likewise, the cultural, economic, and political importance of sport is the subject of sustained academic inquiry. When sport and architecture converge, as in the 2012 London Olympics or the 2014 World Cup in Brazil, then the impact of these two forms of social activity is redoubled. This book presents a new and dynamic study of the complex relationship between sport and architecture. It explores the history of sport architecture and examines the buildings and events that create sites where sport and architecture converge in particularly telling ways.

In this fully updated and redesigned edition of the essential and long-established Stadia , the authors offer their unrivalled expertise to all professionals who commission, plan, design, and manage high-quality sports venues. Ideas about the design and use of stadiums continue to evolve and this fifth edition includes the latest developments in the field. Including updated chapters on sustainability, masterplanning and services, a new chapter on branding activation, and new global case studies, the fifth edition of Stadia is the ultimate guide to all aspects of stadium design, from local club buildings to international showpieces. In addition to a wide array of international case studies, the authors draw on the experience of the design firm Populous who in recent years delivered the 2010 Yankees Stadium in New York; the 2010 Aviva stadium, Dublin; the 2004 Benfica stadium, Lisbon; the 2010 Soccer City FNB Stadium, Johannesburg; the 2012 Marlins Park, Miami; and the 2012 new Olympic Stadium, London. Foreword by Jacques Rogge, President of the IOC Preface and acknowledgements Picture credits 1. The stadium as a building type 1.1 A venue for watching sport 1.2 History 1.3 Current requirements 2. The future 2.1 The importance of the stadium as a building type 2.2 Economics of stadia 2.3 Stadium technology 2.4 Ergonomics and the environment 2.5 What is the future for the stadium? 3. Masterplanning 3.1 The need for a masterplan at all sports grounds 3.2 Orientation of play 3.3 Zoning of the venue 3.4 Event overlay - what needs to be added to hold the event 3.5 Security against terrorism 3.6 Stadia in the city 4. External planning 4.1 Location 4.2 Transportation 4.3 Provision of parking 4.4 Stadium landscaping 5. Form and structure 5.1 The stadium as architecture 5.2 Structure and form 5.3 Materials 5.4 The playing surface 5.5 Foundations 5.6 Seating tiers 5.7 Concourses, stairs and ramps 5.8 Roof 6. Security and anti-terrorism measures 6.1 Introduction 6.2 The threats from terrorism 6.3 Authorities 6.4 Implications for management and operation 6.5 Responses by the design team 6.6 Conclusion 7 . Activity area 7.1 Playing surfaces 7.2 Pitch dimensions, layout and boundaries 8. Sports and multi-purpose use 8.1 Introduction 8.2 National sports traditions 8.3 Financial viability 8.4 Catering for different sports 8.5 Catering for non-sports performances 9. Crowd control 9.1 General 9.2 Perimeter fences 9.3 Moats 9.4 Changes of level 10. Providing for disabled people 10.1 Equal treatment 10.2 Sources of information 10.3 Design process 11. Spectator viewing 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Ground capacity 11.3 Viewing distances 11.4 Viewing angles and sightlines 11.5 Obstructions to viewing 12. Spectator seating 12.1 Basic decisions 12.2 Seat types 12.3 Seat materials, finishes and colours 12.4 Choice 12.5 Dimensions 12.6 Seat fixings 12.7 Seating for spectators with disabilities 13. Private viewing and facilities 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Trends 13.3 Design 13.4 Multi-use 14. Circulation 14.1 Basic principles 14.2 Stadium layout 14.3 Access between Zone 5 and Zone 4 14.4 Access between Zone 4 and Zone 3 14.5 Overall design for inward movement 14.6 Overall design for outward movement 14.7 Elements 14.8 Facilities for people with disabilities 15. Food and beverage catering 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Automatic vending machines 15.3 Concessions 15.4 Bars 15.5 Self-service cafeterias, food courts and restaurants 15.6 Luxury restaurants 16. Toilet provision 16.1 Toilet provision generally 16.2 Toilets for spectators 16.3 Scales of provision for spectator toilets 16.4 Location of spectator toilets 16.5 Detailed design 17. Retail sales and exhibitions 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Advance ticket sales 17.3 Programme sales 17.4 Gift and souvenir shops 17.5 Museums, visitor centres and stadium tours 18. The media 18.1 Basic planning 18.2 Outside facilities 18.3 Press facilities 18.4 Radio broadcast facilities 18.5 Television broadcast facilities 18.6 Reception, conference and interview rooms 18.7 Provision for disabled people 19. Administrative operations 19.1 Basic planning 19.2 Facilities for permanent management 19.3 Facilities for temporary events management 19.4 Facilities for visitors 19.5 Provision for stewards 19.6 Facilities for police and security officials 19.7 Toilets 19.8 First aid facilities for staff and spectators 19.9 Provision for disabled people 20. Facilities for players and officials 20.1 Basic planning 20.2 Players’ facilities 20.3 Team management facilities 20.4 Officials’ facilities 20.5 Medical examination facilities 20.06 Ancillary facilities 20.7 Provision for disabled people 21. Services 21.1 Lighting systems 21.2 Closed-circuit television systems 21.3 Sound systems 21.4 Heating and cooling systems 21.5 Fire detection and fighting systems 21.6 Power supply and event continuation 21.7 Water supply and drainage services 21.8 Information technology 22. Maintenance 22.1 Introduction 22.2 Pitch maintenance 22.3 Stand maintenance 23. Operation and funding 23.1 Stadium finances 23.2 Capital costs 23.3 Operating costs 23.4 Income generation 23.5 Controlling costs and revenues 23.6 Conclusion 24. Sustainable design 24.1 What is sustainable design 24.2 Re-use 24.3 Reduce 24.4 Recycle 24.5 Planting and green roofs 24.6 Certification 24.7 Future technologies 25. Brand activation 25.1 Maximising revenue 25.2 Time, not space 25.3 Brand activation through integration: The fan experience 25.4 Marrying team brand with commercial identities 25.5 The process Appendix 1: Stadia briefing guide Appendix 2:Video screens and electronic scoreboards Appendix 3: Case studies 01. Allianz Arena Munich, Germany 02. Amsterdam Arena Amsterdam, Netherlands 03. Anz Stadium Sydney, Australia 04. Arizona Cardinals Stadium Phoenix, USA 05. Ascot Racecourse Ascot, UK 06. Astana Stadium Astana, Kazakhstan 07. At&T Park San Francisco, USA 08. Aviva Stadium Dublin, Ireland 09. Braga Municipal Stadium Braga, Portugal 10. Cowboys Stadium Dallas, USA 11. Donbass Arena Donetsk, Ukraine 12. Emirates Stadium London, UK 13. Forsyth-Barr Stadium Dunedin, New Zealand 14. Greenpoint Stadium Cape Town, South Africa 15. Heinz Field Pittsburgh, USA 16. Marlins Park Miami, USA 17. Melbourne Cricket Ground Melbourne, Australia 18. Telstra Dome Melbourne, Australia 19. Nanjing Sports Park Nanjing, China 20. Oita Stadium Oita, Japan 21. Olympic Stadium London, UK 22. The Oval London, UK 23. Reliant Stadium Houston, USA 24. Salzburg Stadium Salzburg, Austria 25. Soccer City Johannesburg, South Africa 26. Soldier Field Chicago, USA 27. Stade De France Paris, France 28. Statteg Sports And Leisure Facility, Graz, Austria 29. Wembley Stadium London, UK 30. Westpac Stadium Wellington, New Zealand 31. Wimbledon Aeltc: Centre Court London, UK Geraint John RIBA Dip Arch (UCL) CISRM MILAM FRSA Honorary Life President of the UIA (International Union of Architects) Sports and Leisure Programme Former Chief Architect at GB Sports Council Rod Sheard Dip Arch (QUT) RIBA ARAIA FRSA Stadium designer and Senior Principal of Populous Author of The Stadium: Architecture for the New Global Culture Ben Vickery RIBA BA Dip Arch FRSA Senior Principal of Populous and co-author of the SGSA guide on concourses

The former Wild River Country site at 6820 Crystal Hill Road will become home to a 100,000-SF entertainment center that reflects revamped and expanded plans. A beer garden, outdoor miniature golf course and two-level bar are added amenities joining the 30-bay T-Time driving range with electronically tracked golf balls, arcade, hyperbowling lanes and restaurant. Towering Landmark In addition to pushing tons of dirt around the 72-acre North Little Rock property assembled by the Thomas family, steady streams of dump trucks have hauled away around 700,000 cubic yards of shale and soil.

\"This book offers a rare chance to understand how sport and architecture come together to create an outstanding building type - a symbol of our times. By looking at the challenging technical issues surrounding sports buildings, a picture of the future of architecture in the 21st century emerges. ... Rod Sheard shares the experience and expertise of HOK LOBB in this beautifully illustrated book, offering practical advice and guidance on commissioning, designing and managing sports venues around the world. The award-winning work of this firm includes the Millennium Stadium, Cardiff, the Wembley National Stadium, London and the Stadium Australia in Sydney, commissioned for the Olympic Games 2000.\"--From back cover.

Large stadiums are highly visible assets for large-scale ‘mega-events’, inspiring built environment professionals to innovate in structure and aesthetics. In recent years environmental performance—or environmental sustainability—has been increasing in focus, with events such as the Olympics calling for ‘green games’ and countries committing to reducing built environment carbon emissions. This paper presents a systematic literature review of large stadiums’ environmental sustainability discourse over the last five years related to design and construction. Using the PRISMA methodology, 18 relevant conceptual and empirical research papers were distilled from 159 extracted papers. Energy consumption and material composition were the most discussed topics. Emergent technologies and processes were also extensively discussed regarding significant embodied energy and indoor air-quality improvements, and greenhouse gas emissions reductions. There was a lack of best practices, or whole life cycle considerations, and minimal demonstration of other attributes of environmental sustainability. This paper provides a baseline to assess progress on environmental sustainability for the built environment sector. A practical definition is presented for Environmentally Sustainable Stadiums (ESS) and a checklist is provided to support leading practices in design and construction. This paper is relevant for built environment professionals and asset owners and managers considering new-build and refurbishments.

From ancient stadium construction to a design object of the twenty-first century, sports arenas have long been turned into places hosting a global media spectacle. For a few hours or days, colossuses made of steel and concrete transform into colourful festival locations. Since the first ancient stadium in Greek Olympia, the typology of stadium construction has undergone a profound transformation: due to changes in requirements and demand, an urban entertainment centre has emerged from the simple running track in the countryside. Through selected examples of projects, this volume from the Construction and Design Manual series illustrates the development of stadiums in relation to building typologies. It provides a basic manual of stadium design using basic planning parameters. Examined are, amongst others, Olympic stadiums, football stadiums, velodromes and ice arenas. Drawings, detailed plans and large- format photos facilitate an understanding of the carefully selected examples and are used to analyse stadium construction in terms of its history, planning and architecture.

This paper addresses why customers at times prefer traditional practices deemed more authentic to a domain, particularly where these practices had previously been discarded as inferior. I argue that customer demand for authenticity can be triggered when extrinsic rewards (i.e., fame or money) increase in prominence in a market, causing audiences to doubt the motives of the market’s producers. I examine this dynamic in the context of Major League Baseball, where appreciation for traditional stadium features seemingly arose after the advent of free agency heightened awareness and coverage of the economic rewards in the sport. Experimental analysis validates the proposed mechanism, whereby increased fan exposure to extrinsic rewards increases concern about player inauthenticity, which increases preference for traditional stadium features. Quantitative analysis of attendance patterns provides external validation for these experimental findings by showing that authenticity was more highly preferred, in the form of higher relative attendance in traditional-style ballparks, by those fans more exposed to free agency. Conclusions are drawn about the role that perceptions about motives play in market perceptions of authenticity and valuation of authentic cultural objects.

\"In this completely updated and redesigned edition of the essential and long-established Stadia, the authors offer their unrivalled expertise to all professionals who commission, plan, design, and manage high-quality sports venues.Ideas about the design and use of stadiums are evolving and this fifth edition includes the latest developments in the field. The chapters on sustainability and masterplanning have been completely updated and a new chapter on temporary sports buildings added. In addition, new case studies from recent projects around the world are included as the latest influential new buildings.In addition to a wide array of international information sources, the authors were able to draw on the experience of the design firm that delivered the 2010 Aviva stadium, Dublin, the 2004 Benfica stadium, Lisbon, the 2009 Soccer City FNB Stadium, Johannesburg and the 2011 Olympic Stadium, London. \"-- Provided by publisher.

In modern stadium design, wood materials have received increasing attention due to their affinity with nature. Based on the pro-nature design hypothesis, this study explores how wood stadium design perception affects spectators’ spectator satisfaction through biophilicity, and analyzes its mechanism of action in the four dimensions of visual, olfactory, tactile, and perceptual wood design perception. By analyzing 641 samples, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to explore the effects of wood design perception on multiple sensory dimensions. The findings suggest that (1) four-dimensional wood design perceptions positively affect stadium spectator satisfaction, and (2) biophilic affinity plays a mediating role in four-dimensional wood design perceptions affecting stadium spectator satisfaction. This study enriches the theoretical framework of the pro-natural design hypothesis, provides insights into the potential of wooden stadium design to enhance spectator experience, and provides new empirical evidence for the field of architectural and environmental psychology. By revealing the emotional role played by biophilicity in multi-sensory dimensions, it has important practical guidance for enhancing spectator satisfaction, optimizing spatial experience design, and promoting the integration of architectural design with the natural environment in sports stadiums, which has broad social and cultural value.