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Zur Neubewertung des literarischen Kanons der DDR am Beispiel des Werks von Hedda Zinner
Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit dem Werk von Hedda Zinner (1905-1994), einer Autorin von Gedichten, Theaterstücken und Romanen, die in der DDR eine gewisse Popularität genoss und inzwischen in Vergessenheit geraten ist. Zunächst soll der aktuelle Kanon der sogenannten „DDR-Literatur“ und Zinners Präsenz bzw. Abwesenheit in der Literaturgeschichte betrachtet werden. Dann werden die verschiedenen Themen untersucht, die im Werk der Autorin behandelt werden: Zum einen wird sich zeigen, auf welche Schwierigkeiten Zinner dabei gestoßen ist, zum anderen gibt dies Aufschluss über die Erfahrungen und Kenntnisse, die die Werke dem DDR-Leser vermittelten. Schließlich werden die Widersprüche dieses Werkes durch die Frage des Schreibens angesprochen.
L’article s’intéresse à l’œuvre de Hedda Zinner (1905-1994), autrice de poésie, de pièces de théâtre et de romans, ayant connu une certaine popularité en RDA et aujourd’hui tombée dans l’oubli. Il s’agira dans un premier temps de questionner l’actuel canon de ce qu’on appelle la « littérature de RDA », et la présence, ou plutôt non-présence, de Zinner dans les histoires littéraires. Dans un deuxième temps, on portera l’attention sur différentes thématiques abordées dans l’œuvre de l’autrice, et cela à double titre : d’un côté, on se rendra compte des difficultés rencontrées par l’autrice pour traiter de tel ou tel sujet, de l’autre, cela renseigne sur les expériences et le savoir transmis au lecteur de RDA à travers les œuvres. Enfin, on abordera les contradictions de cette œuvre à travers la question de l’écriture.
This article focuses on the work of Hedda Zinner (1905-1994), an author of poetry, plays, and novels who enjoyed a certain popularity in the GDR and has since been forgotten. First, we’ll examine the current canon of so-called “GDR literature” and Zinner’s presence, or rather absence, in literary history. Second, we will look at the various themes addressed in the author’s work, for two reasons: first, this will reveal the difficulties the author had in dealing with this or that theme, and second, it will provide information about the experiences and knowledge that the works conveyed to the GDR reader. Finally, the contradictions of this work will be addressed through the question of writing.
Journal Article
Stalinist city planning : professionals, performance, and power
\"Based on research in previously closed Soviet archives, this book sheds light on the formative years of Soviet city planning and on state efforts to consolidate power through cityscape design. Stepping away from Moscow's central corridors of power, Heather D. DeHaan focuses her study on 1930s Nizhnii Novgorod, where planners struggled to accommodate the expectations of a Stalinizing state without sacrificing professional authority and power. Bridging institutional and cultural history, the book brings together a variety of elements of socialism as enacted by planners on a competitive urban stage, such as scientific debate, the crafting of symbolic landscapes, and state campaigns for the development of cultured cities and people. By examining how planners and other urban inhabitants experienced, lived, and struggled with socialism and Stalinism, DeHaan offers readers a much broader, more complex picture of planning and planners than has been revealed to date.\"--Dust jacket.
Book
Showcasing the Great Experiment
This book is a history of the Soviet tours of European and American intellectuals, writers, bohemians, professionals, and political tourists who saw the “Soviet experiment” in the 1920s and 1930s. It provides a new framework for understanding the relationship between intellectuals and communism and the Soviet reception of foreign visitors, including the leading fellow-travelers who praised Stalin and Stalinism in the interwar period. The work is based on a far-reaching analysis of the declassified archives of agencies charged with crafting the international image of the first socialist society, including VOKS (the All-Union Society for Cultural Ties Abroad). The book brings this story into new focus as one of the great transnational encounters of the twentieth century. As many visitors were profoundly influenced by their Soviet tours, so too was the Soviet system itself: the experiences of building showcases and tutoring outsiders to perceive the future-in-the-making comprise a neglected international dimension to the emergence of Stalinism. Probing entanglements between far-left and far-right ideological extremes, the work pays special attention to the covert interaction between communism and fascism, including Soviet attempts to recruit German “National Bolsheviks” and fascist intellectuals. The unprecedented scope of Soviet efforts to mold foreign, particularly Western public opinion created a new chapter in the history of modern cultural diplomacy. Setting the revolutionary regime's innovations in the context of the entire history of foreign visitors in Russia, the book argues that Soviet mobilization for the international ideological contest directly paved the way for the cultural Cold War.
eBook
Work Flows
Work Flows investigates the
emergence of \"flow\" as a crucial metaphor within Russian labor
culture since 1870. Maya Vinokour frames concern with
fluid channeling as immanent to vertical power structures-whether
that verticality derives from the state, as in Stalin's Soviet
Union and present-day Russia, or from the proliferation of
corporate monopolies, as in the contemporary Anglo-American West.
Originating in pre-revolutionary bio-utopianism, the Russian
rhetoric of liquids and flow reached an apotheosis during Stalin's
First Five-Year Plan and re-emerged in post-Soviet \"managed
democracy\" and Western neoliberalism.
The literary, philosophical, and official texts that Work
Flows examines give voice to the Stalinist ambition of
reforging not merely individual bodies, but space and time
themselves. By mobilizing the understudied thematic of fluidity,
Vinokour offers insight into the nexus of philosophy, literature,
and science that underpinned Stalinism and remains influential
today. Work Flows demonstrates that Stalinism is not a historical
phenomenon restricted to the period 1922-1953, but a symptom of
modernity as it emerged in the twentieth century. Stalinism's
legacy extends far beyond the bounds of the former Soviet Union,
emerging in seemingly disparate settings like post-Soviet Russia
and Silicon Valley.
eBook
Making the Soviet Intelligentsia
Making the Soviet Intelligentsia explores the formation of educated elites in Russian and Ukrainian universities during the early Cold War. In the postwar period, universities emerged as training grounds for the military-industrial complex, showcases of Soviet cultural and economic accomplishments and valued tools in international cultural diplomacy. However, these fêted Soviet institutions also generated conflicts about the place of intellectuals and higher learning under socialism. Disruptive party initiatives in higher education - from the xenophobia and anti-Semitic campaigns of late Stalinism to the rewriting of history and the opening of the USSR to the outside world under Khrushchev - encouraged students and professors to interpret their commitments as intellectuals in the Soviet system in varied and sometimes contradictory ways. In the process, the social construct of intelligentsia took on divisive social, political and national meanings for educated society in the postwar Soviet state.
eBook
Song of the Forest
The Soviets are often viewed as insatiable industrialists who saw nature as a force to be tamed and exploited.Song of the Forestcounters this assumption, uncovering significant evidence of Soviet conservation efforts in forestry, particularly under Josef Stalin. In his compelling study, Stephen Brain profiles the leading Soviet-era conservationists, agencies, and administrators, and their efforts to formulate forest policy despite powerful ideological differences.By the time of the revolution of 1905, modern Russian forestry science had developed an influential romantic strand, especially prevalent in the work of Georgii Morozov, whose theory of \"stand types\" asked forest managers to consider native species and local conditions when devising plans for regenerating forests. After their rise to power, the Bolsheviks turned their backs on this tradition and adopted German methods, then considered the most advanced in the world, for clear-cutting and replanting of marketable tree types in \"artificial forests.\" Later, when Stalin's Five Year Plan required vast amounts of timber for industrialization, forest radicals proposed \"flying management,\" an exaggerated version of German forestry where large tracts of virgin forest would be clear-cut. Opponents who still upheld Morozov's vision favored a conservative regenerating approach, and ultimately triumphed by establishing the world's largest forest preserve.Another radical turn came with the Great Stalin Plan for the Transformation of Nature, implemented in 1948. Narrow \"belts\" of new forest planted on the vast Russian steppe would block drying winds, provide cool temperatures, trap moisture, and increase crop production. Unfortunately, planters were ordered to follow the misguided methods of the notorious Trofim Lysenko, and the resulting yields were abysmal. But despite Lysenko, agency infighting, and an indifferent peasant workforce, Stalin's forestry bureaus eventually succeeded in winning many environmental concessions from industrial interests. In addition, the visionary teachings of Morozov found new life, ensuring that the forest's song did not fall upon deaf ears.
eBook
Stalin's Final Films
Stalin's Final Films explores a neglected period in the history of Soviet cinema, breathing new life into a body of films long considered moribund as the pinnacle of Stalinism. While film censorship reached its apogee in this period and fewer films were made, film attendance also peaked as Soviet audiences voted with their seats and distinguished a clearly popular postwar cinema. Claire Knight examines the tensions between official ideology and audience engagement, and between education and entertainment, inherent in these popular films, as well as the financial considerations that shaped and constrained them. She explores how the Soviet regime used films to address the major challenges faced by the USSR after the Great Patriotic War (World War II), showing how war dramas, spy thrillers, Stalin epics, and rural comedies alike were mobilized to consolidate an official narrative of the war, reestablish Stalinist orthodoxy, and dramatize the rebuilding of socialist society. Yet, Knight also highlights how these same films were used by filmmakers more experimentally, exploring a diverse range of responses to the ideological crisis that lay at the heart of Soviet postwar culture, as a victorious people were denied the fruits of their sacrificial labor. After the war, new heroes were demanded by both the regime and Soviet audiences, and filmmakers sought to provide them, with at times surprising results. Stalin's Final Films mines Soviet cinema as an invaluable resource for understanding the unique character of postwar Stalinism and the cinema of the most repressive era in Soviet history.
eBook
The devil in history
The Devil in History is a provocative analysis of the relationship between communism and fascism. Reflecting the author's personal experiences within communist totalitarianism, this is a book about political passions, radicalism, utopian ideals, and their catastrophic consequences in the twentieth century's experiments in social engineering. Vladimir Tismaneanu brilliantly compares communism and fascism as competing, sometimes overlapping, and occasionally strikingly similar systems of political totalitarianism. He examines the inherent ideological appeal of these radical, revolutionary political movements, the visions of salvation and revolution they pursued, the value and types of charisma of leaders within these political movements, the place of violence within these systems, and their legacies in contemporary politics. The author discusses thinkers who have shaped contemporary understanding of totalitarian movements—people such as Hannah Arendt, Raymond Aron, Isaiah Berlin, Albert Camus, François Furet, Tony Judt, Ian Kershaw, Leszek Kolakowski, Richard Pipes, and Robert C. Tucker. As much a theoretical analysis of the practical philosophies of Marxism-Leninism and Fascism as it is a political biography of particular figures, this book deals with the incarnation of diabolically nihilistic principles of human subjugation and conditioning in the name of presumably pure and purifying goals. Ultimately, the author claims that no ideological commitment, no matter how absorbing, should ever prevail over the sanctity of human life. He comes to the conclusion that no party, movement, or leader holds the right to dictate to the followers to renounce their critical faculties and to embrace a pseudo-miraculous, a mystically self-centered, delusional vision of mandatory happiness.
eBook