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Standard data models are key to enable a set of data integration functionalities, often characterised using the Findability, Accessibility, Interoperabilty and Reusability (FAIR) principles. However, standardisation is a process of trying to meet many requirements, and standard data models are inherently either very abstract or very comprehensive in the details. This results in several ambiguity pitfalls, inconsistent implementation of standard data models, which in turn hinders trust in the interoperability potential of standardised data, and complicates any integration processes. In practice profiling such standards is useful to overcome such issues to create more useful forms of standardised data for specific applications. However defining custom profiles typically requires a great deal of technical expertise in the underlying expression language of the standard. Maintaining access to this level of expertise is a challenge as profiles become outdated through the time and lose connection with the maintenance of the parent standard from which they originate. Therefore, in this paper, a scalable methodology is proposed, built on the OGC Building Blocks Model approach, that uses semantic modelling to support an easier composition of geospatial data models profiles which directly derive from available standards without losing the relevant dependencies that inform stakeholders which components are interoperable with other standards. The approach is tested within a digital building permit project (CHEK), in which data requirements derive from the semantics of city regulations and common geospatial standards (i.e., CityGML and INSPIRE) are used as reference.

Cryptography is a method used to create secure communication by manipulating sent messages during the communication occurred so only intended party that can know the content of that messages. Some of the most commonly used cryptography methods to protect sent messages, especially in the form of text, are DES and 3DES cryptography method. This research will explain the DES and 3DES cryptography method and its use for stored data security in smart cards that working in the NFC-based communication system. Several things that will be explained in this research is the ways of working of DES and 3DES cryptography method in doing the protection process of a data and software engineering through the creation of application using C++ programming language to realize and test the performance of DES and 3DES cryptography method in encrypted data writing process to smart cards and decrypted data reading process from smart cards. The execution time of the entering and the reading process data using a smart card DES cryptography method is faster than using 3DES cryptography.

Objective: We compared the process of developing searches with and without using text-mining tools (TMTs) for evidence synthesis products. Study Design: This descriptive comparative analysis included seven systematic reviews, classified as simple or complex. Two librarians created MEDLINE strategies for each review, using either usual practice (UP) or TMTs. For each search we calculated sensitivity, number-needed-to-read (NNR) and time spent developing the search strategy. Results: We found UP searches were more sensitive (UP 92% (95% CI, 85-99); TMT 84.9% (95% CI, 74.4-95.4)), with lower NNR (UP 83 (SD 34); TMT 90 (SD 68)). UP librarians spent an average of 12 h (SD 8) developing search strategies, compared to TMT librarians’ 5 hours (SD 2). Conclusion: Across all reviews, TMT searches were less sensitive than UP searches, but confidence intervals overlapped. For simple SR topics, TMT searches were faster and slightly less sensitive than UP. For complex SR topics, TMT searches were faster and less sensitive than UP searches but identified unique eligible citations not found by the UP searches.

INTRODUCTION We compared and measured alignment between the Health Level Seven (HL7) Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) standard used by electronic health records (EHRs), the Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium (CDISC) standards used by industry, and the Uniform Data Set (UDS) used by the Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers (ADRCs). METHODS The ADRC UDS, consisting of 5959 data elements across eleven packets, was mapped to FHIR and CDISC standards by two independent mappers, with discrepancies adjudicated by experts. RESULTS Forty‐five percent of the 5959 UDS data elements mapped to the FHIR standard, indicating possible electronic obtainment from EHRs. Ninety‐four percent mapped to the CDISC standards, demonstrating high compatibility with industry standards. DISCUSSION The study highlights the feasibility of harmonizing ADRC data with industry and clinical standards. CDISC demonstrated superior alignment with ADRC UDS data, whereas FHIR showed potential for improvement through resource maturation and enhanced standardization. Highlights Forty‐five percent of Alzheimer's Disease Research Center Uniform Data Set (ADRC UDS) data elements could be mapped to Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR), indicating potential electronic health records (EHRs) extraction. Ninety‐four percent of ADRC UDS data elements could be mapped to Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium (CDISC) Study Data Tabulation Model (SDTM), showing high industry compatibility. Identified areas for improving data standards harmonization in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) research. Systematic mapping method aligns ADRC UDS with Health Level Seven (HL7) FHIR and CDISC SDTM standards. Results support feasibility of data sharing across ADRC research, EHRs, and industry.

Few studies have examined the best way to convey the probability of serious events occurring in the future (i.e., risk of stroke or death) to persons with low numeracy or graph literacy proficiency. To address this gap, we developed and user-tested a bar graph and compared it to icon arrays to assess its impact on understanding and preference for viewing risk information. To determine the: (i) formats' impact on participants' understanding of risk information; (ii) formats' impact on understanding and format preference across numeracy and graph literacy subgroups; (iii) rationale supporting participants' preference for each graphical display format. An online sample (evenly made up of participants with high and low objective numeracy and graph literacy) was randomized to view either the icon array or the bar graph. Each format conveyed the risk of major stroke and death five years after choosing surgery, a stent, or medication to treat carotid artery stenosis. Participants answered questions to assess their understanding of the risk information. Lastly, both formats were presented in parallel, and participants were asked to identify their preferred format to view risk information and explain their preference. Of the 407 participants, 197 were assigned the icon array and 210 the bar graph. Understanding of risk information and format preference did not differ significantly between the two trial arms, irrespective of numeracy and graph literacy proficiency. High numeracy and graph literacy proficiency was associated with high understanding (p<0.01) and a preference for the bar graph (p = 0.01). We found no evidence to demonstrate the superiority of one format over another on understanding. The majority of participants preferred viewing the risk information using the bar graph format.

Open up, share and network information so that marine stewardship can mitigate climate change, overfishing and pollution. Open up, share and network information so that marine stewardship can mitigate climate change, overfishing and pollution.

The geometrical and topological information of 3D computer aided design (CAD) models should be represented as a neutral format file to exchange the data between different CAD systems. Exchange of 3D CAD model data implies that the companies must exchange complete information about their products, all the way from design, manufacturing to inspection and shipping. This information should be available to each relevant partner over the entire life cycle of the product. This led to the development of an international standard organization (ISO) neutral format file named as standard for the exchange of product model data (STEP). It has been observed from the literature, the feature recognition systems developed were identified as planar, cylindrical, conical and to some extent spherical and toroidal surfaces. The advanced surface features such as B-spline and its subtypes are not identified. Therefore, in this work, a STEP-based feature recognition system is developed to recognize B-spline surface features and its sub-types from the 3D CAD model represented in AP203 neutral file format. The developed feature recognition system is implemented in Java programming language and the product model data represented in STEP AP203 format is interpreted through Java standard data access interface (JSDAI). The developed system could recognize B-spline surface features such as B-Spline surface with knots, quasi uniform surface, uniform surface, rational surface and Bezier surface. The application of extracted B-spline surface features information is discussed with reference to the toolpath generation for STEP-NC (STEP AP238).

In 2010, the Conference of the Parties of the Convention on Biological Diversity agreed on the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020 in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. As this plan approaches its end, we discussed whether marine biodiversity and prediction studies were nearing the Aichi Targets during the 4th World Conference on Marine Biodiversity held in Montreal, Canada in June 2018. This article summarises the outcome of a five-day group discussion on how global marine biodiversity studies should be focused further to better understand the patterns of biodiversity. We discussed and reviewed seven fundamental biodiversity priorities related to nine Aichi Targets focusing on global biodiversity discovery and predictions to improve and enhance biodiversity data standards (quantity and quality), tools and techniques, spatial and temporal scale framing, and stewardship and dissemination. We discuss how identifying biodiversity knowledge gaps and promoting efforts have and will reduce such gaps, including via the use of new databases, tools and technology, and how these resources could be improved in the future. The group recognised significant progress toward Target 19 in relation to scientific knowledge, but negligible progress with regard to Targets 6 to 13 which aimed to safeguard and reduce human impacts on biodiversity.

In recent decades, big data analysis has become the most important research topic. Hence, big data security offers Cloud application security and monitoring to host highly sensitive data to support Cloud platforms. However, the privacy and security of big data has become an emerging issue that restricts the organization to utilize Cloud services. The existing privacy preserving approaches showed several drawbacks such as a lack of data privacy and accurate data analysis, a lack of efficiency of performance, and completely rely on third party. In order to overcome such an issue, the Triple Data Encryption Standard (TDES) methodology is proposed to provide security for big data in the Cloud environment. The proposed TDES methodology provides a relatively simpler technique by increasing the sizes of keys in Data Encryption Standard (DES) to protect against attacks and defend the privacy of data. The experimental results showed that the proposed TDES method is effective in providing security and privacy to big healthcare data in the Cloud environment. The proposed TDES methodology showed less encryption and decryption time compared to the existing Intelligent Framework for Healthcare Data Security (IFHDS) method.

PurposeAutomation and the new buzzword, “Industry 4.0”, have dominated the media headlines in recent months. In this scenario, apparel manufacturers should not only install automatic machines but also standardise them based on specific industry requirements, and precise measures are required for daily target demands.Design/methodology/approachThis study demonstrates the application of Predetermined Motion and Time System (PMTS) tools in various automatic and semiautomatic machines to obtain higher productivity and the highest utilisation percentage of operator and automats between the 1:1 and 1:2 man vs machine configuration models. In this study, timeSSD® was used to calculate the micro motions of humans. In addition, a video annotation and modelling software Tracker was used to calculate high-speed machine movements with loading frames of 30 FPS.FindingsAfter the implementation of PMTS tools, it was found that for a 1:1 man vs machine configuration, the operator utilisation is 75% per shift and the operator idle time is 50% per cycle time, and the operator is sitting idle for 2 h per 8 h of shift. So, there is scope to improve the utilisation and idle time of operator.Research limitations/implicationsWith the PMTS software, an industrial engineer professional with knowledge of the micromotion economy can only calculate micromotion.Originality/valueExploring the first time in the world to establish standard allowed minute (SAM) of a partly automated single-unit sewing machine with partial human intervention and a semiautomatic machine. Theoretical underpinnings indicate that manufacturers use the experience to determine the SAM of any operation over time, necessitating this work to calculate standard minutes automatically.