Explore the vast range of titles available.

In this study, wind energy characteristics of the, a city in northeast of Iran, measured at 10m height in 2014. The Gorgan airport one hour recorded data extrapolated to 50m height. The data have been statistically analyzed hourly, daily, monthly, seasonally and annually to determine the wind power potential. Weibull distribution function has been used to determine the wind power density and then the potential energy. Standard deviation method and power density method are the methods used to calculate the scaling and shaping parameters of the Weibull distribution function. The annual mean wind power calculated by the standard deviation method and the power density method is 38.98w/m2 and 41.32w/m2, respectively. By comparing the results concluded that the power density method is a better method than the standard deviation method. In addition, Gorgan wind energy potentiality categorized into class 1. So is unsuitable to utilize large wind energy turbine. Article History: Received November 21, 2015; Received in revised form January 15, 2016; Accepted February 10, 2016; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Babayani, D., Khaleghi, M., Tashakor, S., and Hashemi-Tilehnoee.,M. (2016) Evaluating wind energy potential in Gorgan–Iran using two methods of Weibull distribution function. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 5(1), 43-48.http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.5.1.43-48 

To achieve the highest possible agricultural production, it is necessary to procure the appropriate agricultural machinery. A tractor is the most useful machine in agriculture that performs various functions. Therefore, the selection of a tractor is one of the key decisions in the agriculture-production process. This study aims to evaluate heavy tractors for agricultural production in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Since this is a selection between different tractors, which are evaluated using several criteria, the methods of multi-criteria analysis (MCDA) were used in this study. Five different methods were used to determine the weight of the criteria, of which a modified standard-deviation method is a new method used in practice, while the tractor ranking was performed using the CRADIS (compromise ranking of alternatives from distance to ideal solution) method. The results showed that the best-ranked tractor is A4, while the most deviations from the ranking occur when the entropy method is used. The contribution of this study is in the systematization of the methods for the objective determination of the criteria weights and the development of new methods to facilitate decision-making in agriculture and other industries.

Eucalyptus maideni F. v. Muell., a rare species cultivated for both oil and timber, yields high-quality wood and economically valuable eucalyptus oil (EO). Previous studies revealed substantial variation in leaf oil content among individual seedlings and families. However, the selection and breeding of superior germplasm for oil production have not yet been initiated. In this study, 15 superior trees were used as seed trees, while commercial seeds served as the controls. Seedlings were sown in family groups, and leaves from seed trees and 480 seedlings (sampled at 180 and 360 days post-sowing) were analyzed. EO was extracted from seed tree leaves by steam distillation and from seedling leaves by headspace solid-phase microextraction, with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) used for component quantification. Among 249 compounds identified, 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) consistently exhibited the highest relative content (40.61–71.27%). Significant differences in eucalyptol content were found among families and individuals at both seedling ages, with a coefficient of variation (CV) of approximately 25%. Eucalyptol content at both 180 and 360 days was primarily influenced by within-family variance (56.91% and 62.43%, respectively), exceeding between-family variance (42.13% and 36.73%). Additionally, moderate correlations between eucalyptol concentrations at 180 and 360 days suggest partial temporal stability in essential oil composition across developmental stages. Therefore, the relative eucalyptol content was identified as a key indicator for the preliminary selection of superior germplasm in oil-producing E. maideni . Using the mean + standard deviation ( C  + σ) as the selection threshold, two superior families (Families 2 and 3) and 56 elite seedlings were preliminarily identified across both growth stages. The selected superior families exhibited an average increase of 29.85% in leaf eucalyptol content, while the elite seedlings showed an average increase of 37.61%. These results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of early selection for superior germplasm in oil-producing E. maideni . The selected superior germplasm provides foundational material for the subsequent propagation of improved varieties, thereby supporting the development of the oil-producing E. maideni industry in Yunnan Province.

Atmospheric boundary layer height (ABLH) was observed by the CHM15k ceilometer (January 2008 to October 2013) and the PollyXT lidar (July 2013 to December 2018) over the European Aerosol Research LIdar NETwork to Establish an Aerosol Climatology (EARLINET) site at the Remote Sensing Laboratory (RS-Lab) in Warsaw, Poland. Out of a maximum number of 4017 observational days within this period, a subset of quasi-continuous measurements conducted with these instruments at the same wavelength (1064 nm) was carefully chosen. This provided a data sample of 1841 diurnal cycle ABLH observations. The ABLHs were derived from ceilometer and lidar signals using the wavelet covariance transform method (WCT), gradient method (GDT), and standard deviation method (STD). For comparisons, the rawinsondes of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO 12374 site in Legionowo, 25 km distance to the RS-Lab) were used. The ABLHs derived from rawinsondes by the skew-T-log-p method and the bulk Richardson (bulk-Ri) method had a linear correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9 and standard deviation (SD) of 0.32 km. A comparison of the ABLHs obtained for different methods and instruments indicated a relatively good agreement. The ABLHs estimated from the rawinsondes with the bulk-Ri method had the highest correlations, R2 of 0.80 and 0.70 with the ABLHs determined using the WCT method on ceilometer and lidar signals, respectively. The three methods applied to the simultaneous, collocated lidar, and ceilometer observations (July to October 2013) showed good agreement, especially for the WCT method (R2 of 0.94, SD of 0.19 km). A scaling threshold-based algorithm was proposed to homogenize ceilometer and lidar datasets, which were applied on the lidar data, and significantly improved the coherence of the results (R2 of 0.98, SD of 0.11 km). The difference of ABLH between clear-sky and cloudy conditions was on average below 230 m for the ceilometer and below 70 m for the lidar retrievals. The statistical analysis of the long-term observations indicated that the monthly mean ABLHs varied throughout the year between 0.6 and 1.8 km. The seasonal mean ABLH was of 1.16 ± 0.16 km in spring, 1.34 ± 0.15 km in summer, 0.99 ± 0.11 km in autumn, and 0.73 ± 0.08 km in winter. In spring and summer, the daytime and nighttime ABLHs appeared mainly in a frequency distribution range of 0.6 to 1.0 km. In winter, the distribution was common between 0.2 and 0.6 km. In autumn, it was relatively balanced between 0.2 and 1.2 km. The annual mean ABLHs maintained between 0.77 and 1.16 km, whereby the mean heights of the well-mixed, residual, and nocturnal layer were 1.14 ± 0.11, 1.27 ± 0.09, and 0.71 ± 0.06 km, respectively (for clear-sky conditions). For the whole observation period, the ABLHs below 1 km constituted more than 60% of the retrievals. A strong seasonal change of the monthly mean ABLH diurnal cycle was evident; a mild weakly defined autumn diurnal cycle, followed by a somewhat flat winter diurnal cycle, then a sharp transition to a spring diurnal cycle, and a high bell-like summer diurnal cycle. A prolonged summertime was manifested by the September cycle being more similar to the summer than autumn cycles.

Over the last decade, the emergence of various risks and hazards threatening large and infrastructure projects has become a concern for governments and government-affiliated institutions. Thereby, Build-Operation-Transfer (BOT) contracts have been set up to prevent these risks at the national level, leaving the design, construction, and operation of the projects with all investments to a foreign or private company. Meanwhile, a multi-phase weighting based collective criteria approach and Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) methodology are proposed under Dynamic Intuitionistic Fuzzy (DIF) set environment. In this respect, the weight of each criterion is determined by DIF-collective criteria method and also, the interdependent relation between criteria is computed by developed DIF-DEMATEL methodology to tune the criteria weights. In addition, the weights of experts are determined by the proposed DIF-utility degree method to reach a precise solution. Moreover, the proposed approach of this study is extended based on last aggregation concept to reduce data loss. Then, the proposed methodology is implemented on a real case study and the results are compared with recent findings in the literature to ensure the reliability of the obtained results. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is manipulated to find the most effective parameters that can change the obtained results.

The effective operation of national innovation systems can be a source of many opportunities, but it cannot be forgotten that innovation in itself may mean limiting but also generating various types of risks for the functioning of the local market. The main aim of the article is to present the concept and classification of national innovation systems in the world and to try to answer whether the type of NIS determines the level of innovation of the economies of the European Union countries. The following research thesis was formulated in the study: the type of National Innovation System determines a certain level of innovation in the economy of an European Union country, i.e., in countries belonging to a developed NIS, the level of innovation of the economy is higher than in countries belonging to developing systems. The results of the analysis confirm the research thesis. In the empirical part, the level of innovation in the European Union countries was assessed using the synthetic measure of development (SMD) by Z. Hellwig. Based on the obtained values of the synthetic measure of development (innovation), a ranking of the innovation of the economies of the EU countries was compiled and groups of countries with a similar degree of innovation in the economy were distinguished. The developed ranking of the European Union countries was compared with the NSI classification presented in the theoretical part of the article. The study covered 2010 and 2019.

Non-conventional machining processes always suffer due to their low productivity and high cost. However, a suitable machining process should improve its productivity without compromising product quality. This implies the necessity to use efficient multi-objective optimization algorithm in non-conventional machining processes. In this present paper, an effective standard deviation based multi-objective fire-fly algorithm is proposed to predict various process parameters for maximum productivity (without affecting product quality) during WEDM of Indian RAFM steel. The process parameters of WEDM considered for this study are: pulse current ( I ), pulse-on time ( T on ), pulse-off time ( T off ) and wire tension (WT).While, cutting speed (CS) and surface roughness (SR) were considered as machining performance parameters. Mathematical models relating the process and response parameters had been developed by linear regression analysis and standard deviation method was used to convert this multi objective into single objective by unifying the responses. The model was then implemented in firefly algorithm in order to optimize the process parameters. The computational results depict that the proposed method is well capable of giving optimal results in WEDM process and is fairly superior to the two most popular evolutionary algorithms (particle swarm optimization algorithm and differential evolution algorithm) available in the literature.

Culture is an irreplaceable means of transferring information between generations. The development of culture, the cultural environment, and the effect of culture exist over the long term. The results are not shown immediately, whereas the economics of subjects of this area (including theatres) are subject to public control. Public control forces these entities to use public finances efficiently, economically, and effectively. A sample of 11 indicators showing techniques and financial efficiency was chosen to conduct a complex evaluation of the economy of Czech theatres. The importance of the indicators was set by three objective methods used in combination by the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) for the evaluation of management. We show significant differences among the results; in our opinion, it is not possible to exactly set the best method that could be applied in general. Every method can potentially serve as a tool for complex comparison among homogeneous groups of theatres of the Czech Republic, depending on the preferences of their founder, in the public sector such as a municipality, region, or state.

This paper analyzed the harmony of the Weibull Distribution Function (WDF) and the real data obtained from three different locations. The Standard Deviation Method (SDM) was used to calculate the coefficients of the WDF in Adana, Osmaniye and Hatay regions. One of the important purposes of this study is to observe how the performance of the SDM changes in regions with different mean wind speeds. The statistical fittings of the calculated and measured hourly wind speed data were evaluated for justifying the performance of the SDM. According to the results, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), coefficient of determination (R2) and Mean Percentage Error (MPE) error analyses tests were used to evaluate the performance of the mentioned method in all three selected regions. The performance of the method mentioned in this study was examined in detail at different regions with different geographic characteristics. For the selected three regions, the performance of the SDM was evaluated at different mean wind speeds varying over the years. In addition, the performance of the selected method in three different regions was examined in detail in those same years and it was observed how geographical factors affected the performance of the method.

This paper analyzes the grain-size distribution of surface sediments of the Chanthaburi coast of Thailand to investigate the sedimentary environment and its evolution to better use and protect the coast. The Flemming triangle method, the grade-standard deviation method, and the Gao–Collins grain-size trend analysis method (GSTA model) were used to study the dynamic sedimentary environment of the area and provide preliminary identification of source materials. There are seven types of surface sediments on this coast, with grain sizes (φ) generally consisting of sand and silt. Sorting is generally poor, and becomes gradually poorer with distance offshore. Skewness is generally positive. The study area is mainly composed of sand and silt, indicating that the hydrodynamics are strong. The results of grade-standard deviation analysis indicate that sediment grain size b (3.25–4.5φ) is a sensitive indicator of environmental change. This sediment type exhibits a relatively complex transport trend, mainly characterized by northwestward and northeastward transport from sea to land. Sediments at the mouth of the Chanthaburi Estuary and the Welu River fluctuate under the influence of tidal currents. Based on the results of grade-standard deviation analysis and grain-size trend analysis, the study area was divided into three provinces, representing different sedimentary environments and material sources. Compared with tidal-controlled estuaries in the temperate regions of eastern China, the two tropical estuaries examined in this study exhibited smaller suspended sediment loads, runoff amounts, and tidal ranges. However, hydrodynamic conditions were generally stronger. The main reasons for the similarities and differences in the transport trends of sediments in these estuaries were differences in hydrodynamic conditions and the specifics of regional topography.