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"Stars Constitution."
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What are stars made of?
\"The night sky is a place of wonder for all young readers. Stars are of particular fascination, especially once they learn that the sun is a star! In this book, learners explore the gases and life cycle of a star. Incredible, colorful photographs straight from NASA's telescopes and probes bring each spread to life. Thought-provoking text answers the title's question with easy, accessible language while still igniting interest. This book is right at home in any collection!\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Neutron stars: Cosmic laboratories for matter under extreme conditions
The true nature and the internal constitution of the compact stars known as neutron stars (NSs) is one of the most fascinating enigma in modern astrophysics. We discuss some of the present models for the internal structure of NSs and the connection with the properties of ultra dense hadronic matter. In particular, we discuss the role of strangeness on the equation of state and the implications of the measurement of 2 solar mass NSs in PSR J1614-2230 and PSR J0348+0432.
Journal Article
DIVISION G COMMISSION 35: STELLAR CONSTITUTION
Commission 35 (C35), “Stellar Constitution”, consists of members of the International Astronomical Union whose research spans many aspects of theoretical and observational stellar physics and it is mainly focused on the comprehension of the properties of stars, stellar populations and galaxies. The number of members of C35 increased progressively over the last ten years and currently C35 comprises about 400 members. C35 was part of Division IV (Stars) until 2014 and then became part of Division G (Stars and Stellar Physics), after the main IAU reorganisation in 2015. Four Working Groups have been created over the years under Division IV, initially, and Division G later: WG on Active B Stars, WG on Massive Stars, WG on Abundances in Red Giant and WG on Chemically Peculiar and Related Stars. In the last decade the Commission had 4 presidents, Wojciech Dziembowski (2003-2006), Francesca D'Antona (2006-2009), Corinne Charbonnel (2009-2012) and Marco Limongi (2012-2015), who were assisted by an Organizing Committee (OC), usually composed of about 10 members, all of them elected by the C35 members and holding their positions for three years. The C35 webpage (http://iau-c35.stsci.edu) has been designed and continuously maintained by Claus Leitherer from the Space Telescope Institute, who deserves our special thanks. In addition to the various general information on the Commission structure and activities, it contains links to various resources, of interest for the members, such as stellar models, evolutionary tracks and isochrones, synthetic stellar populations, stellar yields and input physics (equation of state, nuclear cross sections, opacity tables), provided by various groups. The main activity of the C35 OC is that of evaluating, ranking and eventually supporting the proposals for IAU sponsored meetings. In the last decade the Commission has supported several meetings focused on topics more or less relevant to C35. Since the primary aim of this document is to present the main activity of C35 over the last ten years, in the following we present some scientific highlights that emerged from the most relevant IAU Symposia and meetings supported and organized by C35 in the last decade.
Journal Article
Role of nuclear spin-orbit coupling on the constitution of the outer crust of a nonaccreting neutron star
The role of the nuclear spin-orbit coupling on the equilibrium composition and on the equation of state of the outer crust of a nonaccreting neutron star is studied by employing a series of three different nuclear mass models based on the self-consistent Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov method.
Journal Article
Space spaghetti in magnetic sauce
Recent observations show that the internal constitution and dynamics of Galactic molecular clouds, the sites of star formation, are much more complex than previously thought. As observers realize that the interstellar medium of Galaxies is more spaghetti-like than cloud-like, theoreticians are required to explain several puzzling features observed in these cosmic structures with increasingly elaborate magnetohydrodynamic codes.
Journal Article
Physical beauty, the appetizers. A taste of universe
Andy Gomberoff (author of the best-seller \"Physics and Eggplants\") explains in 100 seconds scientific phenomena, theories and stories covering a wide range of topics to millennials in a fun way: how a Nobel prize established in a theorem how democracy is related to mathematics, how Marconi created the radio, etc. He pays tributes to leading scientists or demolishes popular myths with scientific facts, easy to understand and with examples from daily life. This is Physical Beauty, The Appetizer. A starter for your brain.
Streaming Video
The Interstellar Carbon Budget and the Role of Carbon in Dust and Large Molecules
Published data on stellar composition show that carbon in the sun is substantially more abundant than in other stars. A carbon abundance of 225 carbon atoms per 10$^6$ hydrogen atoms is representative of galactic stars, whereas published values for the sun range from 350 to 470 carbon atoms per 10$^6$ hydrogen atoms. Other elements are also present in enhanced quantities in the solar system, consistent with suggestions that a supernova event was closely associated with the formation of the solar system. The overabundance of carbon in the solar system has many important implications, including new constraints on nucleosynthesis models for supernovae and substantial modification of the so-called \"cosmic\" composition normally adopted in discussions of galactic and interstellar abundances. A reduction in the galactic carbon budget, as suggested by the stellar composition data, strongly constrains the quantity of carbon that is available for the formation of interstellar dust, and some dust models now appear implausible because they require more carbon than is available.
Journal Article
COMMISSION 35: STELLAR CONSTITUTION
A business meeting of the IAU Commission 35 was held during the GA in Rio on Friday, August 7, 2009, with a few members of the Commission in attendance. Special care will be taken to have more members attending the BM at the next GA in Bejing in 2012. The points discussed during the BM are summarized below and are posted on the C35 website http://iau-c35.stsci.edu.
Journal Article
Gravitational Wave Signatures of Highly Magnetized Neutron Stars
Motivated by the recent gravitational wave detection by the LIGO-VIRGO observatories, we study the Love number and dimensionless tidal polarizability of highly magnetized stars. We also investigate the fundamental quasi-normal mode of neutron stars subject to high magnetic fields. To perform our calculations we use the chaotic field approximation and consider both nucleonic and hyperonic stars. As far as the fundamental mode is concerned, we conclude that the role played by the constitution of the stars is far more relevant than the intensity of the magnetic field and if massive stars are considered, the ones constituted by nucleons only present frequencies somewhat lower than the ones with hyperonic cores, a feature that can be used to point out the real internal structure of neutron stars. Moreover, our studies clearly indicate that strong magnetic fields play a crucial role in the deformability of low mass neutron stars, with possible consequences on the interpretation of the detected gravitational waves signatures.
Paper
From stars to stalagmites
Feynman once selected, as the single most important statement in science, that everything is made of atoms. It follows that the properties of everything depend on how these atoms are joined together, giving rise to the vast field we know of today as chemistry. In this unique book specifically written to bridge the gap between chemistry and the layman, Braterman has put together a series of linked essays on chemistry related themes that are particularly engaging.
eBook