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In this paper, a fixed-time dynamic surface high-order sliding mode control approach is presented for chaos suppression and voltage stabilization in three-bus power system via design of current source converter-based static synchronous compensator controller. The proposed control strategy constructs two high-order sliding mode surfaces to achieve control objective. By combining backstepping idea with dynamic surface control (DSC) technique, high-order sliding mode controller is designed and the inherent problem of “explosion of complexity” in backstepping design is avoided. Further, a new stability concept is introduced into DSC design to achieve semi-global uniform ultimate boundedness of the signals in high-order sliding mode system within finite time independent of initial condition. In addition, stability analysis is provided to show that the proposed control scheme can achieve semi-globally fixed-timely uniformly ultimately bounded stabilization. Finally, simulation results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme and the superior performance over conventional DSC.

In the trajectory of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) neutrality, wind and solar energies will be the key for the energy transition in the electricity sector; however, a massive integration of solar and wind farms into the electricity grid by 2050 will be carried out. For this end, powers control and powers management of these two renewable energies have taken the attention of several researchers since the last decades. This article presents a reactive energy management strategy for a power grid linked to a wind farm utilizing doubly fed induction generators (DFIG) and enhanced by a static reactive power compensator (STATCOM). This management strategy improves an electrical grid capability in the event of a low‐voltage ride through (LVRT) and aims to optimize the sizing of the STATCOM to be installed alongside the wind farm. The proposed oriented voltage control strategy (VOC) for the grid‐side converter and STATCOM facilitates effective reactive current injection into the grid during symmetrical faults with significant voltage sags. A maximum power point tracking (MPPT) approach combined with stator flux‐oriented control (FOC) applied to the rotor side converter enables effective control of the DFIG during an asymmetrical fault. Breaking down currents and voltages into positive and negative sequences expressed in the synchronous frame enhances DFIG and STATCOM control during grid voltage asymmetrical faults. The control algorithms are validated by simulation results using MATLAB‐SIMULINK.

This paper addresses the problem regarding the optimal placement and sizing of distribution static synchronous compensators (D-STATCOMs) in electrical distribution networks via a stochastic mixed-integer convex (SMIC) model in the complex domain. The proposed model employs a convexification technique based on the relaxation of hyperbolic constraints, transforming the nonlinear mixed-integer programming model into a convex one. The stochastic nature of renewable energy and demand is taken into account in multiple scenarios with three different levels of generation and demand. The proposed SMIC model adds the power transfer losses of the D-STATOMs in order to size them adequately. Two objectives are contemplated in the model with the aim of minimizing the annual installation and operating costs, which makes it multi-objective. Three simulation cases demonstrate the effectiveness of the stochastic convex model compared to three solvers in the General Algebraic Modeling System. The results show that the proposed model achieves a global optimum, reducing the annual operating costs by 29.25, 60.89, and 52.54% for the modified IEEE 33-, 69-, and 85-bus test systems, respectively.

Unbalanced voltage and harmonics are major challenges in a microgrid. Single‐ and two‐phase loads and short circuit can make unbalanced voltage. Besides, nonlinear loads create harmonic components in the grid. Thus, compensating both of the unbalanced voltage and harmonic distortion is necessary. Otherwise, they could cause low power quality, resonance, and stability issues. The present paper suggests a combination of distribution static synchronous compensator (DSTATCOM) and shunt active power filter (SAPF) to address the unbalanced voltage and harmonic pollution in hybrid grid‐connected microgrid. A four‐wire distributed static synchronous compensator has been adopted to deal with the negative‐ and zero‐sequence components of the microgrid, extracting these components by using second‐order generalized integrator (SOGI). To solve the harmonic issue, a SAPF is presented to dynamic compensation of grid current and voltage harmonic components in addition to DSTATCOM. The SAPF relies on estimating the fundamental frequency positive‐sequence component (FFPSC) of the load current by applying the second‐order sequence filter (SOSF). Since combining the reference signals of voltage balancer and harmonic eliminating at one controller is impossible, two independent devices are presented. Although both of the equipment have a same conception, their control and operation are different. So, simultaneous incorporation of distributed static synchronous compensator and SAPF for mitigating the unbalancing and distortion in the grid‐connected microgrid based on hybrid solar and wind power is the work’s novelty. Some merits of this scheme include simple structure, fast real‐time controller, low computational burden, and more effective operation. Robustness and effectiveness of such very simple scheme are evaluated by simulation in MATLAB/Simulink environment. Simulation report demonstrates that the total harmonic distortion (THD) of grid voltage and current decrease well under 1.44% and 2.33%, respectively. Meanwhile, the voltage unbalance factor (VUF) of negative and zero sequence of grid voltage reduces to 1.1% and 0%, respectively.

Conventional proportional integral derivative (PID) controllers are being used in the industries for control purposes. It is very simple in design and low in cost but it has less capability to minimize the low frequency noises of the systems. Therefore, in this study, a low pass filter has been introduced with the derivative input of the PID controller to minimize the noises and to improve the transient stability of the system. This paper focuses upon the stability improvement of a wind-diesel hybrid power system model (HPSM) using a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) along with a secondary PID controller with derivative filter (PIDF). Under any load disturbances, the reactive power mismatch occurs in the HPSM that affects the system transient stability. STATCOM with PIDF controller is used to provide reactive power support and to improve stability of the HPSM. The controller parameters are also optimized by using soft computing technique for performance improvement. This paper proposes the effectiveness of symbiosis organisms search algorithm for optimization purpose. Binary coded genetic algorithm and gravitational search algorithm are used for the sake of comparison.

A new inter-cluster DC capacitor voltage balancing scheme for a delta connected modular multilevel cascaded converter (MMCC)-based static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) is presented. A detailed power flow analysis of applying negative sequence current (NSC) and zero-sequence current (ZSC) injection methods in addressing the issue of inter-cluster DC voltage imbalance under unbalance grid voltage is carried out. A control scheme is proposed which integrates both inter-cluster methods using a quantification factor Q F . This is used to achieve the sharing of the inter-cluster active power between the NSC and ZSC injection methods. An accurate method of determining the quantification factor is also presented. The proposed method offers better sub-module DC capacitor voltage balancing and prevents converter overcurrent. The influence of unbalanced grid voltage on the delta connected MMCC-based STATCOM rating using this integrated cluster balancing technique is investigated. The control scheme is verified with a 5 kV 1.2MVA MMCC-STATCOM using 3-level bridge sub-modules, and the results show the advantages of the proposed method over other inter-cluster methods.

Energy production with uncertainties in renewable energy sources (RESs) leads to voltage instability at the point of common coupling (PCC), which affects the normal operation of various RESs interconnected with the system. The static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) employed in PCC reduces the voltage fluctuations at PCC with better dynamic performance. The controller used in STATCOM determines the effectiveness of voltage stability within the system. Thus, in this research work, a honey badger-tuned adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) controller is proposed for the STATCOM in hybrid RES. A hybrid RES system is designed with a solar photovoltaic (PV), wind-based doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) and diesel generator. A diesel generator feeds power to the system when RESs fail to meet the load requirements. A STATCOM-based FACTS device is inserted within the system to preserve voltage stability in the PCC. To enhance the static and dynamic performance of the STATCOM functionality, a hybrid controller consisting of ANFIS and the honey badger provides pulses to the STATCOM. The ANFIS has to extract the numerical models from the numerical data, improving the control performance; moreover, the honey badger has to solve the complex search space and its superiority in terms of convergence speed. Thus, the ANFIS and the honey badger are used in this system by combining both advantages to control the STATCOM functionality, thus leading to the error-free output voltage. The proposed hybrid RES with STATCOM has been implemented using MATLAB/Simulink platform. The performance efficacy of a proposed method is compared with proportional integral-based ant colony optimization (PI-ACO), proportional integral derivative-based genetic algorithm (PID-GA), marine predator algorithm PID acceleration (MPA-PIDA) and improved field-oriented control (IFOC). The overall efficiency of a proposed ANFIS-HB is 99.1%, the computing time is 40 min, the settling time is 0.46 s, the maximum voltage is 1.1 V and the percentage of overshoot (POT) is 11%.

Low-voltage problem emerges in cases of symmetrical and asymmetrical fault in power systems. This problem can be solved out by ensuring low-voltage ride-through capability of wind power plants, through a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM). The purpose of this study is to reveal that the system can be recovered well by inserting a STATCOM with energy storage to a bus where a double-fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind farm has been connected, so the bus voltage is maintained within desired limits during a fault. Moreover, a supercapacitor is used as an energy storage element. Modeling of the DFIG and STATCOM along with the nonlinear supercapacitor was carried out in a MATLAB/Simulink environment. The behaviors of the system under three- and two-phase faults have been compared with and without STATCOM-supercapacitor, by observing the parameters of DFIG output voltage, active power, speed, electrical torque variations, and d–q axis stator current variations. It was found that the system became stable in a short time when the STATCOM-supercapacitor was incorporated into the full-order modeled DFIG.

The paper aims to identify the optimum size and location of photovoltaic distributed generation systems and distribution static synchronous compensators (DSTATCOMs) systems to minimize active power losses in the distribution network and enhance the voltage profile. The methodology employed in this article begins by thoroughly discussing various acceleration algorithms used in Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and their variations with each iteration. Subsequently, a range of PSO algorithms, each incorporating different variations of acceleration coefficients was verified to solve the problem of active power losses and voltage improvement. Simulation results attained on Standard IEEE-33 bus radial distribution network prove the efficiency of acceleration coefficients of PSO; it was evaluated and compared with other methods in the literature for improving the voltage profile and reducing active power. Originality. Consists in determining the most effective method among the various acceleration coefficients of PSO in terms of minimizing active power losses and enhancing the voltage profile, within the power system. Furthermore, demonstrates the superiority of the selected method over others for achieving significant improvements in power system efficiency. Practical value of this study lies on its ability to provide practical solutions for the optimal placement and sizing of distributed generation and DSTATCOMs. The proposed optimization method offers tangible benefits for power system operation and control. These findings have practical implications for power system planners, operators, and policymakers, enabling them to make informed decisions on the effective integration of distributed generation and DSTATCOM technologies.

The large-scale integration of doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind power plants poses stability challenges for power system operation. This study investigates the transient stability and dynamic performance of a modified 3-machine, 9-bus Western System Coordinating Council (WSCC) system. The investigation was conducted by connecting the DFIG wind farm to the sixth bus via a low-impedance transmission line and installing power system stabilizers (PSSs) on all automatic voltage regulators (AVRs). A three-phase fault simulation was carried out to test the system, with and without power system stabilizers and a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) device. Time-domain simulations demonstrate improved transient response with PSS-STATCOM control. A 50% reduction in settling time and 70% decrease in power angle undershoots at the slack bus are achieved following disturbances, even at minimum wind penetration levels. Load flow analysis shows the coordinated controllers maintain voltages within 0.5% of nominal at 60% wind penetration, while voltages at load buses can deviate up to 15% without control. Eigenvalue analysis indicates the PSS-STATCOM boosts damping ratios of critical oscillatory modes from nearly 0% to over 30% under high wind injection. Together, the present findings provide significant evidence that PSS and STATCOM cooperation enhances dynamic voltage regulation, angle stability, and damping across operating ranges, thereby maintaining secure operation in systems with high renewable integration.