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Objective/Context: Sexual violence in Latin America is a topic that national historiographies have addressed with increased intensity since the late twentieth century. This article focuses on the study of sexual crimes (statutory rape, kidnapping, rape, among others) based on the lawsuits filed in Yucatan by the victims or their families in the post-independence period, between 1830 and 1875. The documentation shows that sexual violence had a high incidence in the rural population and affected Mayan girls and women to a greater extent. It also shows that the criminal proceedings resulted in absolution and conviction sentences. Methodology: The article reviews the general bibliography on the subject that has modulated this approach, the legislation on sexual crimes that was in force, and analyzes primary sources, especially judicial records held in the General Archive of the State of Yucatan. Originality: The article is a necessary contribution to elucidate a fundamental problem that has not been sufficiently studied by historiography. The gender perspective guided this text to unravel the characteristics of these sexual assaults and to examine how the criminal processes and the scope of the competent sentences were developed. Conclusions: Through the reviewed documentation, it is possible to draw a tight picture of the behavior of these crimes in Yucatan after independence, to have clues of their characteristics, fundamentally for rape and statutory rape, and the difficulty of discerning them. In this context, midwives’ work in the judicial processes as forensic experts on the physical damages inflicted on the victims is evidenced; likewise, the family consequences derived from these acts and the behavior of the authorities and judges when attending to and judging these crimes are observed. Objetivo/contexto: La violencia sexual en América Latina es un tema que las historiografías nacionales han abordado con mayor intensidad desde finales del siglo xx. El presente artículo se centra en el estudio de los delitos sexuales (estupro, rapto, violación, entre otros) realizado a partir de las demandas presentadas en Yucatán por las víctimas o sus familiares, en el periodo posindependiente, entre 1830 y 1875. La documentación permite comprobar que la violencia sexual tuvo una alta incidencia en la población rural y que afectó, en mayor medida, a las niñas y mujeres mayas; asimismo, que los procedimientos penales dictaron sentencias tanto absolutorias como condenatorias. Metodología: En el artículo se revisan la bibliografía general sobre el tema y que ha modulado este enfoque, la legislación sobre delitos sexuales que estaba en vigor y se analizan fuentes primarias, especialmente expedientes judiciales depositados en el Archivo General del Estado de Yucatán. Originalidad: El artículo es un aporte necesario para dilucidar una problemática esencial que no ha sido estudiada suficientemente por la historiografía. La perspectiva de género guio este texto para desentrañar las características de estas agresiones sexuales y examinar cómo se desarrollan los procesos penales y el alcance de las sentencias competentes. Conclusiones: Por medio de la documentación examinada, es posible trazar un panorama ajustado del comportamiento de estos delitos en Yucatán después de la independencia, tener pistas de sus características, fundamentalmente para violación y estupro, y la dificultad de discernirlos. En este contexto, se pone en evidencia la labor de las matronas en los procesos judiciales como forenses de los daños físicos infligidos a las víctimas; asimismo, se observan las consecuencias familiares derivadas de estos actos y el comportamiento de las autoridades y los jueces a la hora de atender y juzgar este tipo de crímenes. Objetivo/contexto: a violência sexual na América Latina é um tema que as historiografias nacionais têm abordado com maior intensidade desde o final do século xx. Neste artigo, centraliza-se no estudo dos delitos sexuais (estupro, sequestro, violação sexual, entre outros) realizado a partir dos processos apresentados em Yucatán, México, pelas vítimas ou seus familiares, no período pós-independente, entre 1830 e 1875. A documentação permite comprovar que a violência sexual teve alta incidência na população rural e afetou, em grande parte, meninas e mulheres maias; além disso, os procedimentos penais efetuaram decisões tanto absolutórias quanto condenatórias. Metodologia: neste artigo, são revisadas a bibliografia geral sobre o tema, a qual deu forma a esta abordagem, e a legislação sobre crimes sexuais que estava vigente, e são analisadas fontes primárias, especialmente processos judiciais depositados no Arquivo Geral do Estado de Yucatán. Originalidade: este artigo é uma contribuição necessária para dilucidar uma problemática essencial que não foi ainda suficientemente estudada pela historiografia. A perspectiva de gênero guiou este texto para analisar as características dessas agressões sexuais e como os processos penais e o alcance das sentenças competentes se desenvolveram. Conclusões: por meio da documentação examinada, é possível estabelecer um panorama ajustado do comportamento desses delitos em Yucatán depois da independência, ter indícios de suas características, fundamentalmente para violação sexual e estupro, e a dificuldade de diferenciá-los. Nesse contexto, evidencia-se o trabalho das parteiras nos processos judiciais como forenses dos danos físicos transgredidos às vítimas; além disso, são observadas as consequências familiares derivadas desses atos e o comportamento das autoridades e dos juízes no momento de atender e julgar esses crimes.

In 2017, the Georgetown Law Center on Poverty and inequality released a study entitled Girlhood Interrupted: The Erasure of Black Girls' Childhood.11 The study's authors \"surveyed 325 adults from various racial and ethnic backgrounds\" to determine their perceptions and beliefs about the development of Black and white girls.12 The researchers determined that adults view Black girls as less innocent than their white counterparts at almost all stages of childhood.13 The study concluded that \"Black girls were more likely to be viewed as behaving and seeming older than their stated age; more knowledgeable about adult topics, including sex; and more likely to take on adult roles and responsibilities than what would have been expected for their age. \"22 The English enacted statutory rape laws, which were sex-specific, to ensure a girl's virginity prior to marriage as well as a proper dowry for her father.23 Statutory rape laws became a part of the American common law system and remained unchanged until feminist groups in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries successfully convinced state legislatures to raise the age of consent from ten to an average age of sixteen.24 These activists sought to protect adolescent girls from coercive and exploitative sexual encounters that would be deemed \"consensual\" under then-existing forcible rape laws.25 At the same time, they understood that raising the age of consent would increase \"patriarchal control over girls' sexuality. \"26 Today, the age of consent in a majority of states is sixteen, but other factors including the age of the offender, the age differential between the victim and the offender, and the marital status of the parties can affect the criminalization of sex with a minor.27 Oberman argues that modern statutory rape laws, which are not sex-specific,28 serve three purposes: (1) to protect adolescents from sexual exploitation;29 (2) to prevent teen pregnancy and out-of-wedlock births;30 and (3) to provide a necessary alternative to conventional rape laws that do not offer sufficient protection against coercive sexual encounters.31 The law's criminalization of sex with minors based on the age differential between the parties supports the notion that statutory rape laws exist in part to protect against sexual exploitation by much older offenders. \"33 Tenzer indicates that this age range is usually three years, but may be up to five years in some states.34 She argues that age-differential laws recognize that teens can sometimes consent to sexual activity.35 In the sixteen arbitrary prosecution states, the law draws no distinction based on the age difference between the alleged offender and the alleged victim.36 Thus, these states allow for the prosecution of a teenager who engages in sexual activity with another teen.37 Legal scholars assert that the criminalization of sex between teens is harmful because it deprives teen girls of their sexual autonomy, particularly in light of the fact that prosecutors enforce sex-neutral statutory rape laws against males at much higher rates compared to females.38 Moreover, the criminalization of teen sex fails to recognize the fact that at least forty-four percent of today's high-school students are sexually active.39 I acknowledge

Sexual relations between adolescents or young persons and considerably older persons are considered illegal or deviant in many countries. Yet legal and social definitions and constructions do not capture the complexity of such relations and the various perspectives surrounding them, including that of those involved and other members in the community. In a previous publication, the author examined perspectives on sexual relationships between minors and older persons in Western societies. The current review broadens the perspective on this phenomenon by examining perceptions of sexual relationships between minors, young adults and older persons in African societies, using a similar approach informed by and adapted according to the unique sociocultural context of the articles reviewed. All samples were located in Africa. All studies were published in English. In the current review, the ages of the adolescents or young adults were higher than in the review of Western societies, up to 25, and the age gaps were higher as well. Three main themes emerged from the meta-analysis: adolescents and young adults’ motivations to be involved in sexual relations with an older person, relationship characteristics as perceived by both partners, and the negative consequences of such relationships for the younger partner. The findings are discussed and implications for future studies and practices are suggested, highlighting the important role of sociocultural perceptions and calling for a more nuanced and intellectually modest understanding of the complexity of these relationships.

India enacted a new child sexual abuse law in 2012 and made important changes to the rape law in 2013 to expand the definition of rape and sexual assault, introduce several reforms and improve gender sensitivity in rape trials. However, the child sexual abuse law with its definition of who is a child has increased the age of consent for sex from 16 years to 18 years, echoed by similar changes in the rape law. This paper revisits the debates on the age of consent in India in the late nineteenth century. It reviews them in the light of the new legislative changes, adjudication of cases of sexual assault, and examines the implications of the new laws on adolescents and their sexuality. We contend that the changes in the law have resulted in several challenges: for adolescents exploring their sexuality on the one hand, and for courts to adjudicate on love, romance, and elopement, on the other. Further, in conjunction with raising the age of consent, other changes such as mandatory reporting of sexual activity among adolescents, especially by hospitals, have increased family control on adolescents' sexuality and strengthened regressive social norms linked to marriages. One of the most troubling developments is the resulting barriers to adolescents' access to reproductive and sexual health care. This paper explores how laws devised to address harm and extend protection to children play into dominant social norms and are in the service of protectionist and patriarchal control on young people and their sexuality.

In act 4 of Long Day's Journey Into Night, Jamie tells Edmund a sentimental story of the evening he has just spent with a prostitute, Fat Violet, in the establishment of Mamie Burns. Burns has previously been identified as based on Addie Burns, a madam in the red-light district of New London, Connecticut. Newspaper reports from the period make it clear that Burns was in prison for statutory rape in 1912, when the play is set, and they also lead to the identification of Viney Malady as the original Fat Violet. The idea of the abettor of rape being convicted as the rapist opens a new perspective on what Carlotta Monterey O'Neill and O'Neill's biography have told us about his actual brother's complicity in his traumatic sexual initiation at an early age. This material opens new perspective on O'Neill's Strange Interlude, Exorcism, and “The Ballad[e] of Old Girls.”

statutory rape is a critical public health and legal issue with severe consequences for survivors in Nigeria and is related to insufficient healthcare training, hindering effective case management. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of healthcare workers in emergency wards in Ibadan to identify gaps and challenges in statutory rape management. a cross-sectional study was conducted among 198 healthcare workers in Ibadan, using structured questionnaires and analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-tests, and chi-square tests. the study revealed significant gaps in healthcare workers' KAP concerning statutory rape. While 81.3% of healthcare workers were aware of the term \"statutory rape,\" only 75.3% understood the legal provisions related to it, such as the legal age of consent. Doctors had significantly higher KAP scores than nurses in all domains: knowledge (p= 0.0029), attitude (p= 0.0044), and practice (p= 0.0028). Despite recognizing the severity of statutory rape (76.3%), 33.3% of healthcare workers had never managed such cases, and many reported infrequent encounters with statutory rape cases. A significant proportion (65.2%) of healthcare workers identified inadequate forensic training as a major barrier, while (83.3%) cited legal and reporting constraints, and (31%) mentioned geographical access limitations. The most commonly reported physical and psychological symptoms observed in survivors included genital injuries (93.4%), psychological trauma (86%), STDs and infections (81.3%), bleeding (85.4%), and extra-genital injuries (69.2%). this study highlights deficiencies in healthcare workers´ knowledge and preparedness in statutory rape case management. Strengthening forensic training, legal awareness, and healthcare-legal collaboration is essential to improving response effectiveness.

Anne, a brilliant and dedicated lawyer specializing in children and young adults, lives what appears to be the picture-perfect life with her doctor husband Peter and their twin daughters. When her estranged teenage step-son Gustav moves in with them, Anne's escalating desire leads her down a dangerous rabbit hole which, once exposed, unleashes a sequence of events that threatens to destroy her world. Queen Of Hearts explores the making of a tragic family secret step-by-step, as the consequences of hubris, lust, and lies conspire to create an unimaginable dilemma.