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"Steam-engines"
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The mighty steam engine
Illustrations and a cumulative rhyme, in the style of \"The House that Jack Built,\" introduce the inner workings of a steam engine and how it powers a train.
Book
Seeking new, highly effective thermoelectrics
Operating across a wide temperature range is a priority for thermoelectric materials Thermoelectric technology can directly and reversibly convert heat to electrical energy. Although thermoelectric energy conversion will never be as efficient as a steam engine ( 1 ), improving thermoelectric performance can potentially make a technology commercially competitive. Thermoelectric conversion efficiency is estimated by the so-called dimensionless figure of merit, ZT = S 2 σ T /κ, where S , σ, T , and κ denote the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, working temperature, and thermal conductivity, respectfully . These parameters are strongly coupled, and improving the final ZT is challenging as a result. Strategies for boosting thermoelectric performance include nanostructuring, band engineering, nanomagnetic compositing, high-throughput screening, and others ( 2 ). Many of these strategies create a high ZT in a narrow range of temperatures, limiting the overall energy conversion. Finding materials with wider operating temperature ranges may require rethinking development strategies.
Journal Article
The great railway show ; Off to the races!
Based on the upcoming Thomas & Friends movie, this paperback storybook features two stories about Thomas and his railroad friends.
Book
Thermodynamics of Micro- and Nano-Systems Driven by Periodic Temperature Variations
We introduce a general framework for analyzing the thermodynamics of small systems that are driven by both a periodic temperature variation and some external parameter modulating their energy. This setup covers, in particular, periodic micro- and nano-heat engines. In a first step, we show how to express total entropy production by properly identified time-independent affinities and currents without making a linear response assumption. In linear response, kinetic coefficients akin to Onsager coefficients can be identified. Specializing to a Fokker-Planck-type dynamics, we show that these coefficients can be expressed as a sum of an adiabatic contribution and one reminiscent of a Green-Kubo expression that contains deviations from adiabaticity. Furthermore, we show that the generalized kinetic coefficients fulfill an Onsager-Casimir-type symmetry tracing back to microscopic reversibility. This symmetry allows for nonidentical off-diagonal coefficients if the driving protocols are not symmetric under time reversal. We then derive a novel constraint on the kinetic coefficients that is sharper than the second law and provides an efficiency-dependent bound on power. As one consequence, we can prove that the power vanishes at least linearly when approaching Carnot efficiency. We illustrate our general framework by explicitly working out the paradigmatic case of a Brownian heat engine realized by a colloidal particle in a time-dependent harmonic trap subject to a periodic temperature profile. This case study reveals inter alia that our new general bound on power is asymptotically tight.
Journal Article
The most powerful idea in the world : a story of steam, industry and invention
States that the most important invention of the Industrial Revolution was invention itself. This book offers an account of how inventors first came to own and profit from their ideas-and how invention itself springs forth from logic and imagination. It describes the experiments and accomplishments that led to this revolution.
Brownian Duet: A Novel Tale of Thermodynamic Efficiency
We calculate analytically the stochastic thermodynamic properties of an isothermal Brownian engine driven by a duo of time-periodic forces, including its Onsager coefficients, the stochastic work of each force, and the corresponding stochastic entropy production. We verify the relations between different operational regimes, maximum power, maximum efficiency, and minimum dissipation, and reproduce the signature features of the stochastic efficiency. All of these results are experimentally tested without adjustable parameters on a colloidal system.
Journal Article
Self-regulating and self-oscillating metal-organic framework hybrid plasmonic metasurfaces
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offer remarkable chemical versatility, structural diversity, and, in some cases, stimuli-responsiveness. In the latter case, they typically rely on external inputs to trigger these changes. In contrast, living systems possess the ability to internally self-regulate and autonomously adapt their properties without external intervention, utilizing internal feedback mechanisms. To fill this gap, we develop a MOF-based metasurface that exhibits autonomous optical self-regulation, dynamically adjusting light absorption in response to varying incident light intensity. This device integrates colloidal MOFs with a plasmonic metasurface to create a thermo-optical negative feedback mechanism based on vapor sorption in and out of the colloidal MOF device. The self-regulation process is dynamic, leading each MOF/antenna unit to exhibit self-oscillatory behavior in the presence of a constant external energy input, analogous to a light-fueled nanoscale steam engine. This proof-of-concept highlights the potential of harnessing MOFs and sorption processes for designing metasurfaces for adaptable optical applications. It also represents a first step toward the design of materials integrating feedback mechanisms and internal clocks paving the way for a new generation of porous materials with life-like autonomy.
Self-regulation and time programming are hallmarks of living systems but rare in artificial systems. Here, the authors create a plasmonic Metal–Organic Frameworks metasurface that acts as a self-oscillating, light-driven nanoscale steam engine.
Journal Article
Thomas scares the crows
Thomas becomes a substitute scarecrow when the local farmer needs some extra help.
BOOK
Pool Water Acidity Gauge Using Fuzzy Mamdani Method
Swimming pool is one of the means of sports and play that is fun. Swimming pools must also be considered clean. In order to be replaced with new water. The goal is so that pool users are not infected with infectious diseases due to the dirty water inside the pool. The Mamdani method is the most common method when discussing fuzzy methodology. It was Ebrahim Mamdani who first proposed this method in 1975 when building a steam engine and boiler control system. Mamdani uses a collection of IF-THEN rules obtained from experienced operators / experts. Mamdani's work is actually based on the article \"The Father of Fuzzy, Lotfi A. Zadeh: fuzzy algorithms for complex systems and decision processes.
Journal Article