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"Steroid abuse."
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Steroids
Explores the dangers and side effects of steroid use, and discusses the warning signs of dependence and addiction.
Book
Anabolic Steroid Abuse in Public Safety Personnel
Anabolic Steroid Abuse in Public Safety Personnel: A Forensic Manual provides readers with information on both the history and overwhelming evidence relating to steroid abuse in the law enforcement subculture.The text raises awareness regarding the pervasiveness of the problem that has grown into a systemic and nationwide phenomenon, and then.
eBook
The dichotomy between health and drug abuse in bodybuilding
Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the expansion and prevalence of anabolic steroid use by examining the divergent effects between health and drug abuse and to create more awareness around the harmful consequences of these drugs when administered at abusive levels. Methods: A focused and concise literature search was conducted, and 101 high-quality articles were included in the review. Results: The findings underscore the adverse health risks of steroid abuse, emphasizing the stark contrast between health and drug abuse. Conclusions: While steroids and other performance-enhancing drugs can yield muscle growth, strength and even fat loss, abusing these substances can lead to adverse health outcomes. Furthermore, within the fitness subculture, particularly in the realm of bodybuilding, steroid abuse fosters an atmosphere of cheating and deception, frequently downplaying or ignoring the negative and sometimes deadly consequences it brings.
Journal Article
Male Fertility After Androgenic Steroid Use: How Little We Know
Key Words: anabolic steroids, anabolic steroid abuse, androgens, doping, male infertility
Journal Article
Knowledge, attitudes and use of anabolic-androgenic steroids among male gym users: A community based survey in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Recreational use of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) is a growing worldwide public health concern. However, studies assessing the level of awareness and knowledge of its effects on health are fairly limited, especially in developing countries, including Saudi Arabia. This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices among male gym members toward AAS in Riyadh (Saudi Arabia) from March to October 2016. Twenty gyms were randomly selected from four different geographical regions (clusters) within Riyadh. In total, 482 participants responded to the self-administered anonymous questionnaire, which covered socio-demographic data, data assessing knowledge, attitude and behavior related to AAS use. The mean (±standard deviation) age of study participants was 27.2 (±6.9) years. Among these, 29.3% of participants reported having used AAS, while the majority (53.5%) reported hearing of AAS use, mostly through friends. Most study participants reported awareness of the effects of AAS on muscle mass, body weight and muscles strength (53.2%, 51.1% and 45.5%, respectively). In contrast, a higher proportion of study participants were unaware of the side-effects of AAS use. A high proportion of study participants (43.2%) reported that they had been offered AAS and 68.7% believed that AAS are easily accessible. Most of the gym users (90.1%) reported never having used any narcotics or psychoactive drugs. Regression analysis revealed that use of anabolic-androgenic steroids is significantly associated with “weight lifting practice” OR [95%CI] = 1.9[1.02 − 3.61], P = 0.044; “using supplementary vitamins, OR [95%CI] = 7.8[4.05 − 15.03], P < 0.0001, knowing anyone using anabolic-androgenic steroids’ OR [95%CI] = 7.5[3.78 − 14.10], P < 0.0001, and someone advised Gym users to take anabolic-androgenic steroids” OR [95%CI] = 2.26[1.23 − 4.14], P < 0.008. Our findings suggest that the level of awareness regarding the possible side-effects of AAS is fairly limited. Thus, efforts directed toward educating the public and limiting access to AAS as well as health policy reforms are crucial to reduce future negative implications of AAS use.
Journal Article
Corneal melting secondary to malnutrition and systemic steroid abuse: a case report
Steroids are arguably one of the most important drugs in modern medicine, utilized in many disorders. Their use, however, is not without complications. Medically unsupervised misuse of corticosteroids can have devastating, potentially fatal complications.
We report a case of a 27-year-old female with history of bariatric surgery and extensive weight loss 10 years prior to her presentation at Kasr Al Ainy, Cairo University Hospitals, Emergency Department (ED). She decided, without seeking medical advice, to take 90 mg oral prednisolone to gain weight 3 months before presenting with left corneal melting and perforation. Emergency tectonic graft surgery was done to salvage globe.
Journal Article
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Muscle Dysmorphia and Anabolic Steroid-Related Psychopathology: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Background/Objectives: Muscle dysmorphia (MD), a subtype of body dysmorphic disorder, is prevalent among males who engage in the non-medical use of anabolic–androgenic steroids (AASs) and performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs). These individuals often experience severe psychopathology, including mood instability, compulsivity, and a distorted body image. Despite its clinical severity, no randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have evaluated structured psychological treatments in this subgroup. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a manualized cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) protocol in reducing MD symptoms and associated psychological distress among male steroid users. Results: Participants in the CBT group showed significant reductions in MD symptoms from the baseline to post-treatment (MDDI: p < 0.001, d = 1.12), with gains sustained at follow-up. Large effect sizes were also observed in secondary outcomes including depressive symptoms (PHQ-9: d = 0.98), psychological distress (K10: d = 0.93), disordered eating (EDE-Q: d = 0.74), and exercise addiction (EAI: d = 1.07). No significant changes were observed in the control group. Significant group × time interactions were found for all outcomes (all p < 0.01), indicating CBT’s specific efficacy. Discussion: This study provides the first RCT evidence that CBT significantly reduces both core MD symptoms and steroid-related psychopathology in men engaged in AAS/PED misuse. Improvements extended to mood, body image perception, and compulsive exercise behaviors. These findings support CBT’s transdiagnostic applicability in addressing both the cognitive–behavioral and affective dimensions of MD. Materials and Methods: In this parallel-group, open-label RCT, 59 male gym-goers with DSM-5-TR diagnoses of MD and a history of AAS/PED use were randomized to either a 12-week CBT intervention (n = 30) or a waitlist control group (n = 29). CBT sessions were delivered weekly online and targeted distorted muscularity beliefs, compulsive behaviors, and emotional dysregulation. Primary and secondary outcomes—Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory (MDDI), PHQ-9, K10, EDE-Q, EAI, and BIG—were assessed at the baseline, post-treatment, and 3-month follow-up. A repeated-measures ANOVA and paired t-tests were used to analyze time × group interactions. Conclusions: CBT offers an effective, scalable intervention for individuals with muscle dysmorphia complicated by anabolic steroid use. It promotes broad psychological improvement and may serve as a first-line treatment option in high-risk male fitness populations. Future studies should examine long-term outcomes and investigate implementation in diverse clinical and cultural contexts.
Journal Article
Die Anwendung Von Anabolen-Androgenen Steroiden Im Leistungssport der Bundesrepublik Deutschland in Den Jahren 1960 Bis 1988 Unter Besonderer Berücksichtigung der Leichtathletik
Long description:
Die am Fachbereich Chemie der Universität Hamburg angefertigte Dissertation ist das Ergebnis einer mehrjährigen Recherchetätigkeit und Zeitzeugenbefragung und thematisiert den Umgang und die Anwendung von anabolen Steroiden durch Athleten am Beispiel der bundesdeutschen Leichtathletik in den Jahren 1960 bis 1988. Erstmals wurden bei der Befragung einer größeren Anzahl von Sportlern auch Antworten zu pharmazeutisch-medizinischen Fragestellungen wie Therapiedauer, verwendete Dosierungen, verwendete Arzneimittel, die ärztliche Betreuung, aber auch die Bezugsquellen der Arzneimittel gegeben.
Zwölf detailliert dargestellte Fallbeispiele einzelner Athleten bieten einen intensiven Blick hinter die Kulissen und bestätigen im Zusammenspiel mit schriftlichem Quellenmaterial den Einsatz anaboler Steroide in verschiedenen Disziplinen der Leichtathletik über Jahrzehnte hinweg.
Ebenso gibt die vorliegende Dissertation einen Überblick zu dem während des Untersuchungszeitraumes bekannten Stand der wissenschaftlichen Forschung um Wirkungen und Nebenwirkungen der anabolen-androgenen Steroide und beleuchtet vor diesem Hintergrund auch die Rolle von Medizinern und Pharmazeuten im Reigen der beteiligten Akteure anhand weiterer ausgewählter Fallbeispiele.
eBook
The Uses of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids Among Athletes; Its Positive and Negative Aspects- A Literature Review
The use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) for strength training and muscle building is a widespread practice among athletes and young individuals. Athletes and bodybuilders are using these substances for various purposes, such as enhancing muscle mass, strengthening their bodies, and enhancing their performances. AAS exert a wide range of physiological effects that result in the activation of central signaling, resulting in adverse effects. Moreover, excessive use of AAS which can be categorized as AAS abuse; is linked to biological and psychological pathologies, which can lead to mortality. Complications arising from steroid abuse involve both cellular and physiological complications. Cellular complications arise when activation of signaling proteins like mTOR, Akt, etc. leads to alteration in protein synthesis pathways, cell cycle, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, contributing to damage at the cellular level. Physiological complications are evident with cardiovascular pathologies, including an altered lipid profile, cardiac hypertrophy, hypogonadism after discontinuation of AAS, and modulation of GABA receptors in the brain, all contributed by the androgen receptor signaling. Clinical complications budding from these altered physiological processes lead to clinical effects like testicular dysfunction, acne, gynecomastia, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Despite potential therapeutic benefits, AAS use is prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) due to concerns over adverse health effects. This review highlights the molecular mechanisms, physiological processes, and clinical complications arising from the excessive use of AAS among athletes.
Journal Article
Glucocorticoid use and misuse in a rural community of Kerala, India
Background: Glucocorticoids (GCs) are anti-inflammatory steroid medications prescribed globally by doctors for various illnesses and they are known to produce quick symptom relief. In India, they are among the cheapest and easily accessible over-the-counter medications. Thus, it can be misused, leading to many life-threatening illnesses such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, overwhelming infections, Cushing's syndrome, and hypo-adrenal crisis. Objective: This study reports the misuse of GCs in a rural community in the state of Kerala, India, and compares it with the only other community GC misuse study in India, from the state of Bihar. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional survey of 452 households comprising 1,734 people was conducted in rural Konni, Kerala, during June and July of 2019. In each house, people who had been taking medications over the previous 6 months were interviewed. Results: Almost 2% (n = 31) had consumed one or more GCs in the last 6 months (95% CI: 1.3-2.5%). Of these, 26% (n = 8) were taking oral GCs and 36% (n = 11) of them were inappropriately using them based on current clinical guidelines. 29% (n = 9) had used GCs for more than 1 month. Conclusions: GC misuse exists in Kerala but not to the extent seen in Bihar. In Kerala, inhaled GCs are more common than oral GCs, and the prescription is obtained predominantly from qualified medical practitioners. The prevalence of prolonged GC use could be implicated as an underlying factor for diabetes, hypertension, osteoporosis, and cataracts. It is possible that approximately 220,000 people in Kerala may have a suppressed hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis which can predispose them to a fatal hypo-adrenal crisis.
Journal Article