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Large efforts have been made to erase the stigma of mental illness, but it is unclear whether they have succeeded on a population level. We examine how attitudes toward people with depression or schizophrenia have evolved in Germany since 1990, and whether there are different developments for both disorders. Using data from the three decades, four wave repeated cross-sectional representative population study in the \"old\" (western) states in Germany with surveys in 1990 (  = 2,044), 2001 (  = 4,005), 2011 (  = 1,984), and 2020 (  = 2,449), we calculate time-trends for social distance and emotional reactions toward someone with major depression or acute schizophrenia. Social distance worsened in six out of seven situations for schizophrenia, whereas improving in two out of seven situations for depression. Emotions related to fear and uneasiness increased for schizophrenia, whereas tending to decrease for depression. Pro-social reactions like the desire to help increased for depression, but decreased for schizophrenia. Initially observed differences, favoring depression over schizophrenia, widened over the 30-year study period. For schizophrenia, the biggest negative changes occurred between 1990 and 2001, whereas some improvements with regard to depression occurred more recently. Contrary to expectations, stigma has become more severe regarding acute schizophrenia in Germany over the last 30 years, whereas only slightly improving for depression. The apparent normalization of mental health problems seems not to directly translate into improving attitudes toward people with severe mental illness. Re-focusing of anti-stigma efforts on people with severe mental illness seems necessary.

This systematic review compiled evidence on interventions to reduce mental health-related stigma among medical and nursing students in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Primary outcomes were stigmatising attitudes and discriminatory behaviours. Data collection included two strategies. First, previous systematic reviews were searched for studies that met the inclusion criteria of the current review. Second, a new search was done, covering the time since the previous reviews, i.e. January 2013 to May 2017. Five search concepts were combined in order to capture relevant literature: stigma, mental health, intervention, professional students in medicine and nursing, and LMICs. A qualitative analysis of all included full texts was done with the software MAXQDA. Full texts were analysed with regard to the content of interventions, didactic methods, mental disorders, cultural adaptation, type of outcome measure and primary outcomes. Furthermore, a methodological quality assessment was undertaken. A total of nine studies from six countries (Brazil, China, Malaysia, Nigeria, Somaliland and Turkey) were included. All studies reported significant results in at least one outcome measure. However, from the available literature, it is difficult to draw conclusions on the most effective interventions. No meta-analysis could be calculated due to the large heterogeneity of intervention content, evaluation design and outcome measures. Studies with contact interventions (either face-to-face or video) demonstrated attitudinal change. There was a clear lack of studies focusing on discriminatory behaviours. Accordingly, training of specific communication and clinical skills was lacking in most studies, with the exception of one study that showed a positive effect of training interview skills on attitudes. Methods for cultural adaptation of interventions were rarely documented. The methodological quality of most studies was relatively low, with the exception of two studies. There is an increase in studies on anti-stigma interventions among professional students in LMICs. Some of these studies used contact interventions and showed positive effects. A stronger focus on clinical and communication skills and behaviour-related outcomes is needed in future studies.

Purpose The continuum of mental health/illness has been subject to scientific debate for decades. While current research indicates that continuum belief interventions can reduce mental health stigma and improve treatment seeking in affected populations, no study has yet systematically examined measures of continuum beliefs. Methods This preregistered systematic review summarizes measures of continuum beliefs. Following the PRISMA statement, three scientific databases (PubMed, PsycInfo and PsycArticles via EBSCOhost, Web of Science) are searched, instruments are described and discussed regarding their scope, and methodological quality. Results Overall, 7351 records were identified, with 35 studies reporting relevant findings on 11 measures. Most studies examined general population samples and used vignette-based measures. Schizophrenia and depression were most commonly examined, few studies focused on dementia, ADHD, OCD, eating disorders, and problematic alcohol use, or compared continuum beliefs across disorders. Validity was very good for most measures, but reliability was rarely tested. Measures mostly assessed beliefs in the normality of mental health symptoms or the normality of persons with such symptoms but rarely nosological aspects (i.e., categorical v continuous conceptualization of mental disorders). Conclusions Current research provides psychometrically sound instruments to examine continuum beliefs for a variety of mental disorders. While studies suggest utility for general population samples and mental health professionals, more research is necessary to corroborate findings, for instance, regarding age (e.g., in adolescents), gender, or type of mental disorder. Future research should also compare self-report ratings, and vignette-based measures, include measures of nosological concepts to fully grasp the continuum concept of mental illness. Preregistration PROSPERO: CRD42019123606.

Revolting Subjects is a groundbreaking account of social abjection in contemporary Britain, exploring how particular groups of people are figured as revolting and how they in turn revolt against their abject subjectification. The book utilizes a number of high-profile and in-depth case studies - including 'chavs', asylum seekers, Gypsies and Travellers, and the 2011 London riots - to examine the ways in which individuals negotiate restrictive neoliberal ideologies of selfhood. In doing so, Tyler argues for a deeper psychosocial understanding of the role of representational forms in producing marginality, social exclusion and injustice, whilst also detailing how stigmatization and scapegoating are resisted through a variety of aesthetic and political strategies. Imaginative and original, Revolting Subjects introduces a range of new insights into neoliberal societies, and will be essential reading for those concerned about widening inequalities, growing social unrest and social justice in the wider global context.

As life expectancy increases in India, the number of people living with dementia will also rise. Yet little is known about how people in India cope with dementia, how relationships and identities change through illness and loss.

In diesem Artikel sichten wir die vorliegende Literatur zur Nutzung von Body-Maps (BM) in den Gesundheitswissenschaften, um zum einen den aktuellen Wissensstand zu systematisieren und zum anderen zu dessen Weiterentwicklung beizutragen. Unsere kritische Recherche wurde durch zwei Fragen geleitet: 1. Wie sind BM in den Gesundheitswissenschaften eingesetzt worden? 2. In welcher Weise können BM zu einer antikolonialen Agenda verhelfen? Insgesamt wurden 27 englische, spanische und portugiesische Studien in die Untersuchung einbezogen. Die meisten wurden zwischen 2011 und 2016 veröffentlicht und waren in Südafrika, Kanada, Australien, Brasilien, Chile und den USA durchgeführt worden. Thematisch geht es zumeist um marginalisierte Gruppen und soziale Determinanten von Gesundheit, wobei Methoden der Datenerhebung und -analyse erheblich variieren. Auch werden BM unter teilweise unterschiedlichen Bezeichnungen und in verschiedener Weise zunehmend im Rahmen visueller, narrativer und partizipativer Methodologien eingesetzt. Doch trotz dieser Diversität sind einige Kernelemente erkennbar, dass nämlich Forschungspartner/innen als vernunftfähige und reflexive Individuen erachtet werden, die bei der Artikulation ihrer teilweise sehr komplexen Lebensgeschichten durch das Zeichnen (z.B. ihrer Körper und sozialen Umstände) unterstützt werden können. Eine Dekolonialisierung der Gesundheitswissenschaften finden dann statt, wenn auf diesem Weg Gegennarrative zu exklusiven kapitalistischen, patriarchalen und kolonialistischen Rationalitäten entstehen, eine Methodologie, die wir als \"Body-Map-Erzählung\" bezeichnen.

Current research is sparse on the relatively new but highly relevant topic of mental disorders in video games. This scoping review aimed to map the existing research on portrayal of mental illness in video games. PubMed, PsychInfo, PsycArticles, Medline, Scopus and the ACM Digital Library were searched, resulting in the final inclusion of seven records. Prevalences for the representation of mental illness ranged from 12 to 24%. Findings indicate that video games’ portrayal of mental illness is predominantly stigmatizing and negatively connoted. Mental illness frequently serves as a reason for violent behavior and is portrayed in line with paranormal experiences. Yet, some games portray mental illness in a more neutral way, using game mechanics to elicit empathy. While this review emphasizes the need for non-stigmatizing depiction, potentially through the inclusion of experts in the development process, future research should examine how much consumers are affected by the negative or positive portrayal of mental illnesses in video games.

Given the recent era of economic upheaval, studying the effects of job displacement has seldom been so timely and consequential. Despite a large literature associating displacement with worker well-being, relatively few studies focus on the effects of parental displacement on child well-being, and fewer still focus on implications for children of single-parent households. Moreover, notwithstanding a large literature on the relationship between single motherhood and children's outcomes, research on intergenerational effects of involuntary employment separations among single mothers is limited. Using 30 years of nationally representative panel data and propensity score matching methods, the authors find significant negative effects of job displacement among single mothers on children's educational attainment and social-psychological well-being in young adulthood. Effects are concentrated among older children and children whose mothers had a low likelihood of displacement, suggesting an important role for social stigma and relative deprivation in the effects of socioeconomic shocks on child well-being.

This article scrutinises clients’ descriptions of experiential inaccessibility and the ways they were attended to in multiprofessional meetings that integrated clients, various professionals, and “experts by experience.” The research’s theoretical framework was the concept of experiential (in)accessibility and studies concerning the premises and dynamics of interactions in multiprofessional meetings. Data consisted of seven audio‐recorded multiprofessional team meetings with six clients in a welfare centre located in a large Finnish city. The analytical focus was the different kinds of interactional strategies that are used when responding to clients’ descriptions of experiential inaccessibility, which were related to the ways they had been treated, how they did not access the services they needed, or how they did not want the offered services because of their own or their close one’s previous negative experiences or stigmatisation. Their descriptions were addressed differently through a variety of interactional strategies. They were mostly accepted by the other participants, but their experiences were also negotiated and, in some cases, bypassed or not accepted. Finally, consideration was given to whether the multiprofessional team meetings advanced the accessibility and social inclusion of the clients or whether they had become settings for further negative experiences.

Teacher’s evaluation of students is sometimes negatively affected by diagnostic labels. We explored such negative effects caused by the labels “dyscalculia”, “dyslexia”, and “ADHD” in teacher students. In Experiment 1, we varied the presence of the dyscalculia and dyslexia label in vignettes between participants. The dyslexia but not the dyscalculia label had a negative effect on participant’s academic expectations. In our preregistered Experiment 2, the presence of the ADHD label in vignettes was manipulated within participants. To understand the cognitive mechanisms driving label effects, we explored participants’ attributions regarding the students’ problems. Furthermore, a short dissonance-based intervention for counteracting negative label effects was implemented. Unexpectedly, we found both negative and positive label effects. The label led to more positive performance expectations and to more negative ratings of problem stability and problem control. The dissonance-based intervention led to more positive evaluations regardless of whether the ADHD label was mentioned or not. Overall, our findings suggest that learning-disorder labels affect teachers’ expectations in different ways.