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Ground Stone Analysis
Archaeologists define stone artifacts that are altered by or used to alter other items through abrasion, pecking, or polishing as “ground stone.” This includes mortars and pestles, abraders, polishers stones, and hammerstones, and artifacts shaped by abrasion or pecking, such as axes, pipes, figurines, ornaments, and architectural pieces.
The first edition of Ground Stone Analysis sparked interest around the world. In the decade following its publication, there have been many advances in scientific technology and developments in ethnographic and experimental research. The second edition incorporates these advances, including examples of international research that have utilized a technological approach to ground stone analysis. This study presents a flexible yet structured method for analyzing and classifying stone artifacts. These techniques record important attributes based on design, manufacturing, and use and are applicable to any collection in the world.
The methods presented guide quantitative and qualitative assessments of artifacts and assemblages. Recording forms and instructions for completing them will be available on the University of Utah Press’s open access portal at www.UofUpress.com. Ground Stone Analysis is an important, useful reference for any archaeological field worker or student who encounters ground stone artifacts and is interested in learning more about the people who used them.
eBook
Works in Stone
Whether done by Stone Age hunters or artisans in ancient civilizations, the transformation of resistant stone into useful implements required skills with a high level of sophistication. Because stone tools are durable, today we have a lithic record to explain past behavior and the evolution of culture over long spans. Interpretive and analytical approaches to the study of stone tools, however, are often treated as independent, disconnected specialties. Works in Stone provides a broad look at the field of lithic analysis by bringing together a cross section of recent research. Scholars present a diverse range of concepts and methods with case studies that extend to every continent and contexts ranging from the Paleolithic to late prehistory. Showcasing the latest research of lithic analysts, Works in Stone provides a cohesive overview of recent methods and conclusions.
eBook
Lithic technologies in sedentary societies
\"Examining lithic technology in sedentary societies around the world and showcasing information that in-depth, cutting-edge, lithic analytical techniques provides. Highlighting important contributions to the field of lithics and how they can improve the study of sedentary Mesoamerican societies, as well as other ancient societies around the world\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Contemporary Lithic Analysis in the Southeast
Representing work by a mixture of veterans and a new
generation of lithic analysts,
Contemporary Lithic Analysis in the Southeast explores
fresh ideas while reworking and pushing the limits of traditional
methods and hypotheses. The variability in the southeastern
lithic landscape over space and through time makes it a dynamic
and challenging region for archaeologists. Demonstrating a
holistic approach and using a variety of methods, this volume
aims to derive information regarding prehistoric lifeways from
lithic assemblages. The contributors use data from a wide
temporal span and a variety of sites across the Southeast,
ranging from Texas to South Carolina and from Florida to
Kentucky. Not merely cautionary tales, these case studies
demonstrate the necessity of looking beyond the bag of lithic
material sitting in the laboratory to address the key questions
in the organization of prehistoric lithic technologies. How do
field-collection strategies bias our interpretations? What is
therelationship between technological strategies and tool design?
How can inferences regarding social and economic strategies be
made from lithic assemblages? Contributors William Andrefsky Jr.
/ Andrew P. Bradbury / Philip J. Carr / CarolynConklin / D.
Randall Cooper / Jason L.Edmonds / Jay D. Franklin / Albert
C.Goodyear III / Joel Hardison / Lucinda M. Langston / D. Shane
Miller / George H.Odell / Charlotte D. Pevny / Tara L. Potts
/Sarah E. Price / Douglas Sain / Sarah C.Sherwood / Ashley M.
Smallwood /Paul Thacker
eBook
Lithic technological systems and evolutionary theory
\"Stone tool analysis relies on a strong background in analytical and methodological techniques. However, lithic technological analysis has not been well integrated with a theoretically informed approach to understanding how humans procured, made, and used stone tools. Evolutionary theory has great potential to fill this gap. This collection of essays brings together several different evolutionary perspectives to demonstrate how lithic technological systems are a by-product of human behavior. The essays cover a range of topics, including human behavioral ecology, cultural transmission, phylogenetic analysis, risk management, macroevolution, dual inheritance theory, cladistics, central place foraging, costly signaling, selection, drift, and various applications of evolutionary ecology\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Lithic materials and Paleolithic societies
Lithic Materials and Paleolithic Societies provides a detailed examination of the Paleolithic procurement and utilization of the most durable material in the worldwide archaeological record. The volume addresses sites ranging in age from some of the earliest hominin occupations in eastern and southern Africa to late Pleistocene and post-Pleistocene occupations in North American and Australia. The Early Paleolithic in India and the Near East, the Middle Paleolithic in Europe, and the Late Paleolithic in Europe and eastern Asia are also considered. The authors include established researchers who provide important synthetic statements updated with new information. Recent data are reported, often by younger scholars who are becoming respected members of the international research community. The authors represent research traditions from nine countries and therefore provide insight into the scholarly present as well as the Paleolithic past. Attempts are frequently made to relate lithic procurement and utilization to the organization of societies and even broader concerns of hominin behaviour. The volume re-evaluates existing interpretations in some instances by updating previous work of the authors and offers provocative new interpretations that at times call into question some basic assumptions of the Paleolithic. This book will be invaluable reading for advanced students and researchers in the fields of palaeolithic archaeology, geoarchaeology, and anthropology.
eBook
Prehension and Hafting Traces on Flint Tools
The capacity to mount stone tools in or on a handle is considered an important innovation in past human behaviour. The insight to assemble two different materials (organic and inorganic) into a better functioning entity indicates the presence of the required mental capacity and technological expertise. Although the identification of stone tool use based on microscopic analysis was introduced in the 1960s, distinguishing between hand-held and hafted tool use has remained a more difficult issue. This volume introduces a methodology, based on a systematic, in-depth study of prehension and hafting traces on experimental stone artefacts, which allows their recognition in archaeological assemblages. The author proposes a number of distinctive macro- and microscopic wear traits for identifying hand-held and hafted stone tools and for identifying the exact hafting arrangement. Tested hafting arrangements vary according to the articulation between stone tool and handle, and to the raw materials and fixation agents used. Tool uses include various motions and worked materials. This largely experimental investigation concludes in a blind testing of the reliability of the method itself, showing that a wider application of the designed method has the potential to contribute significantly to our understanding of technological changes and evolutions and past human behaviour.
eBook
Stone tools : theoretical insights into human prehistory
Lithic analysts have been criticized for being atheoretical in their approach, or at least for not contributing to building archaeological theory. This volume redresses that balance. In Stone Tools, renowned lithic analysts employ explicitly theoretical constructs to explore the archaeological record and use the lithic database to establish its points. Chapters discuss curation, design theory, replacement of stone with metal, piece refitting, and projectile point style.
eBook