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Correction: Testing the potential of streamflow data to predict spring migration of ungulate herds
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262078.].
Journal Article
The CH-IRP data set: a decade of fortnightly data on delta.sup.2H and delta.sup.18O in streamflow and precipitation in Switzerland
The stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen, .sup.18 O and .sup.2 H, provide information on water flow pathways and hydrologic catchment functioning. Here a data set of time series data on precipitation and streamflow isotope composition in medium-sized Swiss catchments, CH-IRP, is presented that is unique in terms of its long-term multi-catchment coverage along an alpine to pre-alpine gradient. The data set comprises fortnightly time series of both [delta].sup.2 H and [delta].sup.18 O as well as deuterium excess from streamflow for 23 sites in Switzerland, together with summary statistics of the sampling at each station. Furthermore, time series of [delta].sup.18 O and [delta].sup.2 H in precipitation are provided for each catchment derived from interpolated data sets from the ISOT, GNIP and ANIP networks. For each station we compiled relevant metadata describing both the sampling conditions and catchment characteristics and climate information. Lab standards and errors are provided, and potentially problematic measurements are indicated to help the user decide on the applicability for individual study purposes. For the future, the measurements are planned to be continued at 14 stations as a long-term isotopic measurement network, and the CH-IRP data set will, thus, continuously be extended. The data set can be downloaded from data repository Zenodo at
Journal Article
Modeling shallow water flows using the discontinuous Galerkin method
Replacing the Traditional Physical Model Approach. Computational models offer promise in improving the modeling of shallow water flows. As new techniques are considered, the process continues to change and evolve. Modeling Shallow Water Flows Using the Discontinuous Galerkin Method examines a technique that focuses on hyperbolic conservation laws and includes one-dimensional and two-dimensional shallow water flows and pollutant transports. Combines the Advantages of Finite Volume and Finite Element Methods.
BOOK
Strichartz Estimates and the Cauchy Problem for the Gravity Water Waves Equations
This memoir is devoted to the proof of a well-posedness result for the gravity water waves equations, in arbitrary dimension and in
fluid domains with general bottoms, when the initial velocity field is not necessarily Lipschitz. Moreover, for two-dimensional waves,
we can consider solutions such that the curvature of the initial free surface does not belong to
The
proof is entirely based on the Eulerian formulation of the water waves equations, using microlocal analysis to obtain sharp Sobolev and
Hölder estimates. We first prove tame estimates in Sobolev spaces depending linearly on Hölder norms and then we use the dispersive
properties of the water-waves system, namely Strichartz estimates, to control these Hölder norms.
eBook
Streamflow Response to Glacier Mass Loss Varies With Basin Precipitation Across Alaska
Diminishing glaciers affect streamflow, and given the extent of glaciers in Alaska and adjacent Canada, continued glacier mass loss is likely to have profound effects on ecosystems sensitive to runoff. The effects of glacier mass loss on streamflow are likely to vary across the wide ranges of basin size, glacier cover, and precipitation in this region. In this study, we use U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamflow data with satellite‐based glacier volume change estimates to quantify how glacier mass loss subsidized streamflow over the 2000–2019 period for 116 glacierized basins. We examine interannual variability in that subsidy at three USGS‐monitored glaciers to explore the ability of the subsidy to buffer streamflow derived solely from precipitation. We found the relative importance of percent glacier cover on streamflow magnitude increases in drier basins. In the driest basins, glaciers produced 40 times greater percent glacier mass loss subsidies to streamflow for the percent glacier cover compared to the wettest basins. While the subsidy from glacier mass loss buffers interannual variability in streamflow to varying degrees, it can also increase streamflow variability. Smaller amounts of percent glacier cover are needed to produce summer‐melt‐dominated seasonal flow regimes in drier basins than in wetter basins. Decreasing glacier cover will eventually decrease summer streamflow, increasing spring streamflow in drier basins, and attenuating seasonality with increasing spring and autumnal streamflow in wetter basins. Quantifying the downstream effects of continued glacier mass loss without the computational expense of a hydrological model is broadly applicable in this changing climate. Plain Language Summary As glaciers in Alaska continue to shrink, they are changing the flow of water downstream, with potentially large effects on surrounding ecosystems. We studied glacier volume changes and streamflow between 2000 and 2019, and showed where shrinking glaciers have their largest influences on two related but different processes: the quantity and timing of streamflow. We found that in areas with less precipitation (such as areas farther inland in Alaska), shrinking glaciers produced proportionally up to 40 times more streamflow for the same percent glacier cover compared to the wettest basins. Glaciers influence streamflow timing, specifically summer flow totals. As glaciers continue to diminish, the changes in timing will vary based on how wet or dry the basin is. The patterns we found between glacier changes and streamflow in different environments allow us to gauge the impacts of shrinking glaciers even without complicated hydrologic models. Key Points Glacier mass loss subsidized streamflow <1%–25% and was up to 40 times larger, relative to percent glacier cover, in the driest basins While glacier mass loss subsidies buffer interannual variability of streamflow to varying degrees, they can increase variability As decreasing glacier cover reduces summer streamflow, resulting changes in streamflow seasonality vary between wetter and drier basins
Journal Article