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"Street lighting Design."
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Urban lighting for people : evidence-based lighting design for the built environment
Lighting has the power to illuminate and enhance our experience within the built environment. The light that enables people to travel around their neighbourhood or their city; the light which they see themselves and their neighbourhood under. Research into the effects of urban lighting on behaviour, environmental psychology and social interaction is developing at a rapid rate. Yet, despite the affect it has on our daily lives, the practical application of this research is a relatively untapped resource. 0This book explores the needs and experiences of people at night and how these can be addressed by public lighting. It will give readers the confidence to develop more sophisticated lighting plans and add value to their projects. Case studies provide in-depth analysis of real-life projects and will help the reader to understand lighting designers' own experiences, including post-installation observations. Written in an accessible style by an array of experts, this is an essential book for practitioners, academics and students alike, that will enable you to put the research in to practice and develop better lighting for better places.
Book
Assessment of energy efficiency in street lighting design
Street lighting design aims to ensure adequate night visibility conditions for both vehicular and pedestrian traffic as well as to improve security conditions for persons, goods and property in the neighbourhood. In addition to this, and in order to meet concerns about environmental protection and sustainable development, the design of street lighting should take into account the optimization of its energy efficiency, as excessive energy usage is associated with an increase in polluting emissions, namely CO2. Considering that street lighting generally presents a significant consumption of electricity that is often possible to reduce, the use of good design practices which will maximize the efficiency of lighting equipments and accessories as well as minimize the upward light emissions and adjust the intensity of lighting according to outdoor needs is crucial. The main goal of this work is to present a new simple tool which can assess street lighting performance in the context of energy efficiency. Three indicators were developed: one to evaluate lighting performance and two others to evaluate energy performance. These indicators were quantified and combined according to weighting and aggregation procedures, resulting in a synthetic score for the street lighting design. The assessment tool was applied to a business park located in Viana do Castelo, in Portugal, and the results are discussed.
Conference Proceeding
“In the evening, I don’t walk in the park”: The interplay between street lighting and greenery in perceived safety
Walking as a means of transportation is a key feature in sustainable urban design, but few studies have examined the influence of micro-level environmental features, such as vegetation and street lighting, on perceived safety and people’s choice to walk. This study applied a non-explicit approach to examine the relationship between greenery, street lighting, perceived safety, and walking in an urban context. Participants from three neighbourhoods in Malmö, Sweden, took part in focus group discussions concerning neighbourhood qualities related to walking.A qualitative analysis revealed four inter-related themes relevant for perceived safety after dark: avoidance, entrapment, presence of others, and prospect (visual overview of the nearby surroundings). The quality of urban greenery and street lighting impacted people’s route choices after dark, and some participants felt compelled to make detours. Entrapment, partly due to unkempt greenery in combination with darkness, contributed to avoidance, whereas the presence of other people had the opposite effect. The results indicate that urban greenery and street lighting must be considered together, since their interaction influences perceived safety and impacts the walkability of the neighbourhood.
Journal Article
On the Applicability of the Space Syntax Methodology for the Determination of Street Lighting Classes
Street lighting plays a crucial role in a city’s night landscape and in urban traffic management, influencing users’ comfort and safety. To contain costs of public street lighting systems and to avoid energy waste, illuminance levels on road surfaces must be adequate to fit actual traffic volumes, as prescribed by regulations. This is true not only for motorized roads but also for sidewalks, paths, and pedestrian areas. Regulations in force establish a relationship between road traffic volumes and minimum illuminance levels through the lighting classes selection procedure. Lighting classes selection is based on various para meters among which traffic volume is the most difficult to evaluate because traffic volumes are generally estimated or measured by a traffic observation campaign. In this paper, an alternative method for classes association which is based on a space syntax approach, is described. The method was applied to the case study town of Pontedera (Italy) for the analysis of the pedestrian and motorized traffic and it shows a good correlation between measured and estimated traffic volumes, demonstrating how the methodology, with a precise and quick estimation of traffic volumes, can help lead to a suitable design of the lighting infrastructure, aiming to reduce energy waste and to avoid oversized lighting systems.
Journal Article
Make lighting healthier
Artificial illumination can stop us sleeping and make us ill. We need fresh strategies and technologies, argues Karolina M. Zielinska-Dabkowska.
Artificial illumination can stop us sleeping and make us ill. We need fresh strategies and technologies, argues Karolina M. Zielinska-Dabkowska.
Journal Article
The Role and Criteria of Advanced Street Lighting to Enhance Urban Safety in South Korea
Safety and crime prevention are significant concerns in both urban and rural areas. Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) guidelines provide an architectural strategy to deter criminal activities by implementing strategic design plans, particularly through effective lighting schemes in urban settings. These measures aim to reduce the fear of crime and enhance the overall quality of life. Enhanced street lighting plays a crucial role in environmental crime prevention by lowering both actual crime rates and the perceived risk of criminal activity in built environments. Current recommendations emphasize installing lighting in poorly lit areas for safety; however, assessing road surface luminance solely based on existing streetlights is insufficient. The research underscores that well-illuminated streets with uniform lighting and higher illuminance levels enhance pedestrian safety and comfort. In addition, this study proposes standardized illumination levels specifically for outdoor facial recognition to aid in identifying potential offenders. It outlines the critical vertical illuminance range and Color Rendering Index (CRI) values necessary for this purpose. Furthermore, metrics like the Brightness Index and Safety Index were developed to enhance night-time security and illustrate their correlation with crime rates. Ultimately, this research introduces quantitative lighting standards to enhance the effectiveness of CPTED guidelines, contributing to efforts to reduce crime incidence.
Journal Article
The Design and Evaluation of Nanogrid-Based Solar Photovoltaic Light-Emitting Diode Street Lighting Systems: A Techno-Economic and Voltage Drop Analysis for Secondary Roads in Thailand
Street lighting systems are essential for ensuring nighttime road safety and visibility. The integration of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems into street lighting infrastructure improves energy efficiency and sustainability; however, the mismatch between daytime energy generation and nighttime lighting demand requires effective energy management solutions. In addition, long-distance electrical connections introduce voltage drop constraints, which are often overlooked in conventional design approaches. This study addresses the integration of lighting design, electrical constraints, and techno-economic performance in nanogrid-based LED street lighting systems for secondary roads. A unified framework is developed to evaluate lighting performance, PV–battery sizing, voltage drop behavior, and lifecycle cost under different system architectures. Optimal pole spacing and luminaire ratings are determined using DIALux, while PV–battery configurations are optimized using HOMER Pro based on site-specific solar irradiance. The analysis focuses on voltage drop as the key electrical constraint and examines its impact under decentralized and centralized nanogrid configurations (25%, 50%, and 100%) in both stand-alone and grid-connected modes. The results show that increasing centralization reduces component redundancy but significantly increases cable length, conductor sizing, and infrastructure cost. A techno-economic assessment with lifecycle cost and sensitivity analysis indicates that a 25% centralized configuration reduces total system cost by approximately 23% compared to fully decentralized systems while avoiding excessive cabling costs. These findings demonstrate that voltage drop and electrical infrastructure constraints play a decisive role in determining optimal system design, highlighting the importance of system-level integration rather than isolated optimization of lighting or energy components.
Journal Article
Comparative Study of Road Lighting Efficiency in the Context of CEN/TR 13201 2004 and 2014 Lighting Standards and Dynamic Control
This paper presents a comparative study of differences in energy consumption while applying 2004 and 2014 releases of the CEN/TR 13201 standard for lighting designs. Street lighting optimal design and its optimization is discussed. To provide a reliable comparison, optimal designs for a given representative set of streets were calculated. The optimization was performed by newly developed software. As a test bed, a set of streets was selected with varying physical and traffic characteristics. The energy consumption was measured on the same set of streets both statically, which assumed the same lighting levels throughout night, and with a dynamic control, which adjusted lighting based on traffic intensity. For experiments with the dynamic control, one year of traffic intensity data were used. The findings confirm increased economical impact of dynamic control for the 2014 standard, which results in significant energy saving.
Journal Article
Economic Impact of Intelligent Dynamic Control in Urban Outdoor Lighting
This paper presents and compares the possible energy savings in various approaches to outdoor lighting modernization. Several solutions implementable using currently-available systems are presented and discussed. An innovative approach using real-time sensor data is also presented in detail, along with its formal background, based on Artificial Intelligence methods (rule-based systems) and graph transformations. The efficiency of all approaches has been estimated and compared using real-life data recorded at an urban setting. The article also presents other aspects which influence the efficiency and feasibility of intelligent lighting projects, including design quality, design workload and conformance to standards.
Journal Article