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Street vending in the neoliberal city
Examining street vending as a global, urban, and informalized practice found both in the Global North and Global South, this volume presents contributions from international scholars working in cities as diverse as Berlin, Dhaka, New York City, Los Angeles, Calcutta, Rio de Janeiro, and Mexico City. The aim of this global approach is to repudiate the assumption that street vending is usually carried out in the Southern hemisphere and to reveal how it also represents an essential—and constantly growing—economic practice in urban centers of the Global North. Although street vending activities vary due to local specificities, this anthology illustrates how these urban practices can also reveal global ties and developments.
eBook
\Why I Can't Stand Out in Front of My House?\: Street-Identified Black Youth and Young Adult's Negative Encounters With Police
This street participatory action research (Street PAR) study organized 15 residents to document streetidentified Black youth and adult's negative experiences with police in Wilmington, Delaware. Data were collected on mostly street-identified Black men and women aged 18—35 in the forms of (1) 520 surveys, (2) 24 individual interviews, (3) four dual interviews, (4) three group interviews, and (5) extensive field observations. Forty-two percent of survey participants reported being stopped by police in the last year. However, with the exception of being \"stopped,\" participants overall reported little negative contact with police at least within the past year. Chi-square and ANOVA analyses suggest an interactional relationship exists between race, gender, and age on experiences with police. Younger Black men (18–21) were found to have the most negative contact with police. Analysis suggests a smaller, more hardened mostly male variant of the larger street community has had repeated contact with police. Qualitative analysis reveals at least two major themes: (1) disrespect and disdain for residents and (2) low motivation for working with police. Street PAR methodology was also found to be instrumental in working with local residents and the Wilmington Police Department to improve conditions between residents and police.
Journal Article
Bystander : a history of street photography
In this book, the authors explore and discuss the development of one of the most interesting and dynamic of photographic genres. Hailed as a landmark work when it was first published in 1994, Bystander is widely regarded by street photographers as the 'bible' of street photography. It covers an incredible array of talent, from the unknowns of the late 19th century to the acknowledged masters of the 20th, such as Atget, Stieglitz, Strand, Cartier-Bresson, Brassai, Kertesz, Frank, Arbus, Winogrand and Levitt to name just a few. In this new and fully revised edition, the story of street photography is brought up to date with a re-evaluation of some historical material, the inclusion of more contemporary photographers and a discussion of the ongoing rise of digital photography.
Book
The effect of a School Street intervention on children’s active travel, satisfaction with their street, and perception of road safety: a natural experimental evaluation
Background
This study aimed to determine whether, amongst children, School Street schemes: (1) increase active travel, (2) improve satisfaction and perception of safety crossing their school street; and (3) how they are perceived more broadly by children.
Methods
We recruited four intervention (School Street) and four control primary schools in Bradford, UK. Children aged 8–11 years completed a bespoke questionnaire at baseline, 4–6 weeks (T1), and one year (T2) after the intervention. Children in intervention schools were asked about their perceptions of the intervention. We used a difference-in-differences analysis to estimate the effect of the intervention on active travel, perceptions of the school road, and feelings of safety crossing the school road, with effects estimated for each intervention school separately and then pooled. Content analysis was conducted on free-text responses.
Results
One intervention school withdrew and was excluded. In the remaining seven schools, 942 children at Baseline, 629 at T1, and 608 at T2 had complete data for control variables. The intervention was associated with (i) a decrease in the probability of active travel on survey day of -0.11 percentage points at T1 (95% confidence intervals -0.20, -0.02;
p
= 0.02) and -0.18 percentage points at T2 (-0.27, -0.09;
p
< 0.001); (ii) a decrease of -0.96 in the number of weekly active trips at T2 (-1.72, -0.20;
p
= 0.01); and (iii) no change in the number of frequent active travellers (≥ 3 days/week). No differences were found in children's satisfaction or perception of safety. Qualitative analysis identified three themes, School Streets: (i) increased feelings of solidarity to protect children; (ii) improved perceptions of safety by reducing vehicles outside schools; (iii) children perceived barriers to car travel.
Conclusion
We saw very limited evidence that School Streets affected children’s perceptions of feeling safe, liking their school road, identifying themselves as frequent active travellers; there was some evidence for reductions in self-reported active travel. A novel finding is the sense of solidarity and community cohesion that School Streets elicits. A greater understanding of the theory of change and how the intervention works in different areas and affects different groups is required.
Journal Article
Quantitative Evaluation of Friendliness in Streets’ Pedestrian Networks Based on Complete Streets: A Case Study in Wuhan, China
In recent years, with the rapid growth in the number of cars, the safe and convenient street pedestrian traffic network in cities has been broken by motor vehicle lanes. The pedestrian traffic function of streets as an important urban public space has been lost, and the pedestrian friendliness of streets needs urgent improvement. However, the existing pedestrian-friendly street space assessment has not yet formed a set of full-factor quantitative evaluation systems, making the construction of pedestrian-friendly streets still in the conceptual stage and lacking practical significance. The complete streets design concept clarifies the goal of street pedestrian space construction and proposes the full elements of street pedestrian space design, which provides important support for the construction of the street pedestrian friendliness evaluation system. Based on the complete streets design concept, this study constructs a complete set of quantitative evaluation systems of street walkability from three aspects of street space: traffic, environment and function. Meanwhile, a street pedestrian usability evaluation method is proposed to further explore the actual demand of streets. Combined with the comprehensive evaluation matrix of street pedestrian friendliness and usability, the areas where the planning of street pedestrian space does not match with the actual space are explored. The case study in Wuhan found that the overall pedestrian friendliness was high in the area, but there was significant variability. The study area is dominated by streets in need of improvement, with medium demand–low friendliness, and both the pedestrian friendliness and usability of the streets need to be improved.
Journal Article
Law, engineering, and the American right-of-way : imagining a more just street
\"This book explores the geography of the everyday roadway and contemplates how regulation and design shape our streets. People may question the hegemony of cars, but reimagining public streets is a major conceptual and technical challenge. Drawing from 'new mobilities' and transport studies, [the author] addresses how streets are structured by policy standards; what it means to have a right to the street; and how a more just street would look--in both theory and practice. [The author] summarizes key traffic statutes, case laws, and engineering manuals, and interprets these in relation to mobility rights and justice. At its core, the book moves beyond criticism to highlight emerging movements which aim to develop more complete and livable streets for everyone.\"-- Back cover.
Book
Traders and tinkers : bazaars in the global economy
The term \"tinker\" calls to mind nomadic medieval vendors who operate on the fringe of formal society. Excluded from elite circles and characterized by an ability to leverage minimal resources, these tradesmen live and die by their ability to adapt their stores to the popular tastes of the day. In Delhi in the 21st century, an extensive network of informal marketplaces, or bazaars, has evolved over the course of the city's history, across colonial and postcolonial regimes. Their resilience as an economic system is the subject of this book. Today, instead of mending and selling fabrics and pots, these street vendors are primarily associated with electronic products—computers, cell phones, motherboards, and video games. This book offers a deep ethnography of three Delhi bazaars, and a cast of tinkers, traders, magicians, street performers, and hackers who work there. It is an exploration, and recognition, of the role of bazaars and tinkers in the modern global economy, driving globalization from below. In Delhi, and across the world, these street markets work to create a new information society, as the global popular classes aspire to elite consumer goods they cannot afford except in counterfeit.
eBook