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104,659
result(s) for
"Strings"
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On boundary corrections of Lüscher-Weisz string
The potential and the density profile of the QCD flux-tube are investigated within the framework of the Luscher-Weisz (LW) string action with two boundary terms. The Numerical simulations involve 4D SU(3) Yang-Mills LGT at finite temperature. In general, we detect signatures of the two boundary terms considered in the LWstring action. Near the end of QCD Plateau, the LW string is yielding a static potential which is in a good agreement with the lattice data for source separations
R
≥ 0.3 fm. However, at
T/Tc
= 0.9, the fit to the potential data improves with a good fit attained at
R
≥ 0.7 fm. The mean-square width of the energy profile at
T/Tc
= 0.9 matches well the width of the LW string over distance scales
R
≥ 0.5 fm.
Journal Article
Modular fluxes, elliptic genera, and weak gravity conjectures in four dimensions
A
bstract
We analyse the Weak Gravity Conjecture for chiral four-dimensional F-theory compactifications with
N
= 1 supersymmetry. Extending our previous work on nearly tensionless heterotic strings in six dimensions, we show that under certain assumptions a tower of asymptotically massless states arises in the limit of vanishing coupling of a U(1) gauge symmetry coupled to gravity. This tower contains super-extremal states whose charge-to-mass ratios are larger than those of certain extremal dilatonic Reissner-Nordström black holes, precisely as required by the Weak Gravity Conjecture. Unlike in six dimensions, the tower of super-extremal states does not always populate a charge sub-lattice.
The main tool for our analysis is the elliptic genus of the emergent heterotic string in the chiral
N
= 1 supersymmetric effective theories. This also governs situations where the heterotic string is non-perturbative. We show how it can be computed in terms of BPS invariants on elliptic four-folds, by making use of various dualities and mirror symmetry. Compared to six dimensions, the geometry of the relevant elliptically fibered four-folds is substantially richer than that of the three-folds, and we classify the possibilities for obtaining critical, nearly tensionless heterotic strings. We find that the (quasi-)modular properties of the elliptic genus crucially depend on the choice of flux background. Our general results are illustrated in a detailed example.
Journal Article
Tensionless strings and the weak gravity conjecture
A
bstract
We test various conjectures about quantum gravity for six-dimensional string compactifications in the framework of F-theory. Starting with a gauge theory coupled to gravity, we analyze the limit in Kähler moduli space where the gauge coupling tends to zero while gravity is kept dynamical. We show that such a limit must be located at infinite distance in the moduli space. As expected, the low-energy effective theory breaks down in this limit due to a tower of charged particles becoming massless. These are the excitations of an asymptotically tensionless string, which is shown to coincide with a critical heterotic string compactified to six dimensions.
For a more quantitative analysis, we focus on a U(1) gauge symmetry and use a chain of dualities and mirror symmetry to determine the elliptic genus of the nearly tensionless string, which is given in terms of certain meromorphic weak Jacobi forms. Their modular properties in turn allow us to determine the charge-to-mass ratios of certain string excitations near the tensionless limit. We then provide evidence that the tower of asymptotically massless charged states satisfies the (sub-)Lattice Weak Gravity Conjecture, the Completeness Conjecture, and the Swampland Distance Conjecture. Quite remarkably, we find that the number theoretic properties of the elliptic genus conspire with the balance of gravitational and scalar forces of extremal black holes, such as to produce a narrowly tuned charge spectrum of superextremal states. As a byproduct, we show how to compute elliptic genera of both critical and non-critical strings, when refined by Mordell-Weil U(1) symmetries in F-theory.
Journal Article
The worldsheet dual of the symmetric product CFT
A
bstract
Superstring theory on
AdS
3
×
S
3
×
T
4
with the smallest amount of NS-NS flux (“
k
= 1”) is shown to be dual to the spacetime CFT given by the large
N
limit of the free symmetric product orbifold Sym
N
T
4
. To define the worldsheet theory at
k
= 1, we employ the hybrid formalism in which the AdS
3
× S
3
part is described by the
p
s
u
1
,
1
|
2
1
WZW model (which is well defined). Unlike the case for
k
≥ 2, it turns out that the string spectrum at
k
= 1 does
not
exhibit the long string continuum, and perfectly matches with the large
N
limit of the symmetric product. We also demonstrate that the fusion rules of the symmetric orbifold are reproduced from the worldsheet perspective. Our proposal therefore affords a tractable worldsheet description of a tensionless limit in string theory, for which the dual CFT is also explicitly known.
Journal Article
T-duality and α′-corrections
A
bstract
We construct an
O
(
d, d
) invariant universal formulation of the first-order
α
′-corrections of the string effective actions involving the dilaton, metric and two-form fields. Two free parameters interpolate between four-derivative terms that are even and odd with respect to a
Z
2
-parity transformation that changes the sign of the two-form field. The
Z
2
-symmetric model reproduces the closed bosonic string, and the heterotic string effective action is obtained through a
Z
2
-parity-breaking choice of parameters. The theory is an extension of the generalized frame formulation of Double Field Theory, in which the gauge transformations are deformed by a first-order generalized Green-Schwarz transformation. This deformation defines a duality covariant gauge principle that requires and fixes the four-derivative terms. We discuss the
O
(
d, d
) structure of the theory and the (non-)covariance of the required field redefinitions.
Journal Article
Catch-me-if-you-can: the overshoot problem and the weak/inflation hierarchy
A
bstract
We study the overshoot problem in the context of post-inflationary string cosmology (in particular LVS). LVS cosmology features a long kination epoch as the volume modulus rolls down the exponential slope towards the final minimum, with an energy density that scales as
m
s
4
. It is a known fact that such a roll admits attractor tracker solutions, and if these are located the overshoot problem is solved. We show that, provided a sufficiently large hierarchy exists between the inflationary scale and the weak scale, this will always occur in LVS as initial seed radiation grows into the tracker solution. The consistency requirement of ending in a stable vacuum containing the weak hierarchy therefore gives a preference for high inflationary scales — an anthropic argument, if one likes, for a large inflation/weak hierarchy. We discuss various origins, both universal and model-dependent, of the initial seed radiation (or matter). One particularly interesting case is that of a fundamental string network arising from brane inflation — this may lead to an early epoch in which the universe energy density principally consists of gravitational waves, while an LVS fundamental string network survives into the present universe.
Journal Article
Gravitational axiverse spectroscopy: seeing the forest for the axions
A
bstract
We consider inflationary models with multiple spectator axions coupled to dark gauge sectors via Chern-Simons (CS) terms. The energy injection into Abelian gauge fields from the axions engenders a multi-peak profile for scalar and tensor spectra. We highlight the constraining power of CMB spectral distortions on the scalar signal and discuss the conditions under which spectator sectors can account for the recently observed stochastic gravitational wave (GW) background in the nHz range. Given the tantalizing prospect of a multi-peak “GW forest” spanning several decades in frequency, we elaborate on possible ultraviolet origins of the spectator models from Type IIB orientifolds. String compactifications generically produce a multitude of axions, the “Axiverse”, from dimensional reduction of p-form gauge fields. The CS coupling of such axions to dark gauge fields in the worldvolume theory of D7-branes can be tuned via multiple brane wrappings and/or quantized gauge field strengths. If string axions coupled to Abelian gauge fields undergo slow-roll during inflation, they produce GW signals with peaked frequency distribution whose magnitude depends on the details of the compactification. We discuss the restrictions on spectator models from consistency and control requirements of the string compactification and thereby motivate models that may live in the string landscape as opposed to the swampland.
Journal Article
The EFT stringy viewpoint on large distances
A
bstract
We observe a direct relation between the existence of fundamental axionic strings, dubbed EFT strings, and infinite distance limits in 4d
N
= 1 EFTs coupled to gravity. The backreaction of EFT strings can be interpreted as RG flow of their couplings, and allows one to probe different regimes within the field space of the theory. We propose that any 4d EFT infinite distance limit can be realised as an EFT string flow. We show that along such limits the EFT string becomes asymptotically tensionless, and so the EFT eventually breaks down. This provides an upper bound for the maximal field range of an EFT with a finite cut-off, and reproduces the Swampland Distance Conjecture from a bottom-up perspective. Even if there are typically other towers of particles becoming light, we propose that the mass of the leading tower scales as
m
2
∼
T
w
in Planck units, with
T
the EFT string tension and
w
a positive integer. Our results hold even in the presence of a non-trivial potential, as long as its energy scale remains well below the cut-off. We check both proposals for large classes of 4d
N
= 1 string compactifications, finding that only the values
w
= 1
,
2
,
3 are realised.
Journal Article
Massive islands
A
bstract
We comment on the role of the graviton mass in recent calculations of the Page curve using holographic ideas. All reliable calculations of the Page curve in more than 2+1 spacetime dimensions have been performed in systems with massive gravitons. A crucial ingredient in these calculations is the formation of islands, regions that contribute to the entropy of degrees of freedom located elsewhere. While most often simply ignored, it is indeed true that mass of the graviton does not appear to significantly affect the calculations that appeared in the literature. We use the freedom to change the graviton mass to give an extremely simple model of analytically tractable island formation in general dimensions. We do however note that if one attempts to take the limit of zero graviton mass, any contribution from the islands disappears. This raises the question to what extent entanglement islands can play a role in standard massless gravity.
Journal Article