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Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning in Structural Engineering: A Scientometrics Review of Trends and Best Practices
Artificial Intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and deep learning (DL) are emerging techniques capable of delivering elegant and affordable solutions which can surpass those obtained through traditional methods. Despite the recent and rapid advancements in developing next-gen AI-based techniques, we continue to lack a systemic understanding of how AI, ML, and DL can fundamentally be integrated into the structural engineering domain. To advocate for a smooth and expedite the adoption of AI techniques into our
field
, we present a state-of-the-art review that is specifically tailored to structural engineers. This review aims to serve three purposes: (1) introduce the art and science of AI, ML, and DL in terms of its commonly used algorithms and techniques with particular attention to those of high value to this domain, (2) map the current knowledge within this domain through a scientometrics analysis of more than 4000 scholarly works with a focus on those published in the last decade to identify best practices in terms of procedures, performance metrics, and dataset size etc., and (3) review past and recent efforts that applied AI derivatives into the various subfields within structural engineering. Special attention is given to the application of AI, ML, and DL in earthquake, wind, and fire engineering, as well as structural health monitoring, damage detection, and prediction of properties of structural materials as collected from over 200 sources. Finally, a discussion on trends, recommendations, best practices, and advanced topics towards the end of this review.
Journal Article
The man who invented the ferris wheel : the genius of George Ferris
\"Read about the genius of George Ferris and his amazing invention\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Population-based optimization in structural engineering: a review
Structural engineering is focused on the safe and efficient design of infrastructure. Projects can range in size and complexity, many requiring massive amounts of materials and expensive construction and operational costs. Therefore, one of the primary objectives for structural engineers is a cost-effective design. Incorporating optimality criteria into the design procedure introduces additional complexities that result in problems that are nonlinear, nonconvex, and have a discontinuous solution space. Population-based optimization algorithms (known as metaheuristics) have been found to be very efficient approaches to these problems. Many researchers have developed and applied state-of-art metaheuristics to automate and optimize the design of real-world civil engineering problems. While there is a large body of published papers in this area, there are few comprehensive reviews that list, summarize, and categorize metaheuristic optimization in structural engineering. This paper provides an extensive survey of a wide range of metaheuristic techniques to structural engineering optimization problems. Also, information is provided on available structural engineering benchmark problems, the formulation of different objective functions, and the handling of various types of constraints. The performance of different optimization techniques is compared for many benchmark problems.
Journal Article
Performance Review of Prefabricated Building Systems and Future Research in Australia
Volumetric prefabricated building construction is growing in most developed countries; for example, in Sweden the market share of prefabricated building systems in the housing industry was more than 80%. However, in Australia only approximately 3–4% of new building constructions are prefabricated buildings in a year. A major hindrance to the growth of prefab construction in Australia is that systems are developed under commercial and confidential conditions. There are limited publicly-available research and case studies for certifiers, regulators, engineers and academia to provide independent information on the performance, advantages and disadvantages of prefabricated building systems. Independent designers and structural engineers are relying on the strength of the structural and non-structural element, as well as the connections of the prefabricated building systems. This strength is estimated from the “commercial-in-confidence” test of individual components by manufactures, and it might result in undesired outcomes in design. This paper provides an overview of available literature on structural performance, benefits, constraints and challenges of prefabricated building systems. This paper also highlights the research needed on the prefabricated building systems such as full-scale tests, numerical modelling, hybrid simulations, case studies and social and economic assessments. Being supported by sound academic research will increase the market demand for prefabricated building systems in Australia as well as in other countries.
Journal Article
George Ferris, what a wheel!
A portrait of the engineer who invented the Ferris wheel describes the ambitious ideas that inspired him to build the largest wheel in the world for the Chicago World's Fair in 1893.
Book
The fantastic Ferris Wheel : the story of inventor George Ferris /
\"The World's Fair in Chicago, 1893, was to be a spectacular event: architects, musicians, artists, and inventors worked on special exhibits to display the glories of their countries. But the Fair's planners wanted something really special, something on the scale of the Eiffel Tower ... Engineer George Ferris had an idea--a crazy, unrealistic, gigantic idea. He would construct a twenty-six-story tall observation wheel. The planners didn't think it could be done. They called it a 'monstrosity.' It wouldn't be safe. But George fought for his design. Finally, in December 1892, with only four months to go until the fair, George was given permission to build his wheel\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Climate Control in Termite Mounds
When architects design a building, they may plan extensively around factors such as whether it will be aesthetically pleasing, or how much eco-friendly material will be used in its construction. But termites, one of nature's most gifted structural engineers, build dwellings that hold hundreds, thousands, or millions of individuals without any planning or direct communication with one another. Large structures, human or insect made, also have to take climate control into account. The internal temperature of termite mounds remains relatively constant, even when outside temperatures can fluctuate by 20 degrees Celsius. Understanding the mechanisms behind these ventilation systems could give architects new tools to apply to buildings for people.
Journal Article